
一、题型解读
记叙文完形填空可分为叙事和记人两种形式,它们有几个显著的特点:以一般过去时为主,其他时态为辅;大量使用动词;适当出现直接引语。
二、解题技巧
1.抓住文章中心。中心思想是文章的灵魂和统帅,其他的写作要素都紧紧围绕这一中心进行。抓住中心有助于明确做题方向,提高针对性。
2.明确叙述角度。通常记叙文有两个大叙述角度:第一人称和第三人称。第一人称就是从“自我参与”的角度进行叙述,考生可从字里行间读出作者对人物、事物或景色的情感态度。第三人称就是从“旁观者”的角度客观地记人、叙事、状物。在做题时考生可采用“角色渗透法”,即假设自己就是文中的角色会有什么感受、做出怎样的选择等,这样有助于走进作者的思维,深入理解文章的含义。
3.理清写作顺序。根据写作的需要作者往往采用顺叙、倒叙或插叙等方法进行叙述。理清这些线索有助于了解事情发展的来龙去脉,从而更迅速、准确地理解文章。
4.明确写作要素。包括事情发生的时间(when)、地点(where)、事件的内容(what)、人物(who)、原因(why)等。弄清了这些要素也就基本上抓住了文章的主体,理解了整篇文章。
5.洞悉写作目的。同学们要知道就事论事绝不是记叙文的最终目的,而最终目的是借助叙事来阐明一个道理,给人以启迪或教益。因此,只有在分析具体情节的基础上认真体会文字背后的东西才能洞悉作者的写作目的,抓住文章的主题。
三:解题技法
1.利用文章首句,明确文章主旨大意
完形填空的首句往往不设空,是一个完整的句子。通过细读首句可以判断文章体裁,预测文章大意和主旨,对解题非常关键。
一般来说,记叙文类的文章首句会交代时间、地点、人物和事件,说明文类的文章首句会解释要说明的对象;议论文类的文章首句会提出一个论点。因此,考生可以在仔细阅读了首句后,快速略读全文,确定文章的体裁、主旨和结构。
例题:In 1973, I was teaching elementary school.Each day, 27 kids 41.______“The Thinking Laboratory.” That was the 42.______ students voted for after deciding that “Room 104” was too 43.______.
Freddy was an average 44.______, but not an average person.He had the rare balance of fun and compassion(同情)...
41.A.Built B.Entered C.decorated D.ran
42.A.name B.rule C.brand D.plan
43.A.small B.dark C.strange D.dull
44.A.scholar B.student C.citizen D.worker
通过阅读首句,我们可以了解到When (In 1973),Who (I and 27 kids),What (teaching),Where (elementary school),是记叙文的基本要素,由此可预测该文为记叙文或夹叙夹议文,并可预测本文是讲述一位老师和他学生之间所发生的某件事情。
第41题,根据下一句的Room 104可知,The Thinking Laboratory是一个教室,孩子们每天都要进入教室,所以此空填entered。故选_B__。
第42题,“思想实验室”这个名字是学生们投票选出来的。故选_A__。
第43题,从学生们教室改名的过程以及下文出现过的dull可知,学生认为Room 104这个名字太枯燥,无趣(dull)。故选_D__。
第44题,由语境可知,Freddy是作者的一位学生,同时42空后的students也是提示。故选_B__。
2.利用上下文暗示解题
在做完形填空题时要有整体观念,连贯性思维,要把每题空白处的含义与前后句联系起来,进行合乎逻辑的推理。所谓上下文,可能是紧挨着的两句话,也可能是开头的题目在尾段查找到信息,还可能是中间或最后的试题从上文查到信息,信息常见的有词、短语、句子,但有时是语境暗示。
例题:A huge snowstorm hit on February 1.A musher named Kaasen had to brave this storm.At one point, huge piles of snow blocked his51.______.He had to leave the trail (雪橇痕迹)to get around them.Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to52.______the trail again.The only hope was Balto, Kaasen's lead dog.Balto put his nose to the ground,53.______to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail.If Balto failed, it would mean disaster for Nome...
51.A.memory B.Exit C.Way D.destination
52.A.Find B.Fix C.pass D.change
53.A.Pretending B.Trying C.Asking D.learning
第51题,结合上文的“huge piles of snow blocked”和下文的“He had to leave...get around them.”可判断应选C,表示大堆的雪把他的道路阻断了。故选_C__。
第52题,根据上文的“leave the trail”和“get around them”可知,这里选A表示“找到”,指环境是如此糟糕以至于再次找到雪橇痕迹对他来说是不可能的。故选_A__。
第53题,根据上文中“put his nose to the ground”和下文“to find the smell of other dogs...”可知,此处表示Balto在尝试找到其他狗留下的气味,故这里用try to do表示“试图做某事”。故选_B__。
3.利用语义复现解题
复现是一种语义衔接手段,它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念,使整篇文章上下连贯,有机地衔接在一起。因此,考生可根据文章的具体情况,理解文章的结构和语境,利用文章中的语义复现来选择正确的答案。
例题:When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person,we usually say “sorry,wrong number!” and move on.But when Dennis Williams 42.______ a text that clearly wasn't intended for him,he did something special.
A.Received B.Translated C.Copied D.printed
本题可以利用语义复现解题。本空是上文“get”的同义词复现,故选_A__。
4.利用行文逻辑解题
逻辑关系语指表示各种逻辑意义的连接成分,主要有:(1)词(包括连词、副词和少数介词),如and,but,or,because,though,however,yet,therefore,otherwise,despite等。
(2)短语,如in other words,in addition,as a result,on the contrary,instead of等。
(3)分词和结构,如that is to say,what is more,generally speaking等。在解题时要充分利用这些逻辑关系语,找到与文中某些词、短语有密切关系的选项。
例题:Mr.Anderson said:“I couldn't believe that the guy never took a penny.To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight when he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in.This guy has nothing and 27.______ he didn't take the wallet for himself;he thought about others 28.______.It's unbelievable.It just proves there are honest guys out there.”
27.A.Rather B.Yet C.Already D.just
28.A.Too B.Though C.again D.instead
第27题,根据上文内容可知,这个人本可以偷走钱包里的钱,不必再睡在大街上,但是他没有。再根据上一句“This guy has nothing”及后句“he didn't take the wallet for himself”可知,这个人一无所有,但却没有偷走钱包。前后为转折关系,所以答案为_B__。
第28题,根据“he didn't take the wallet for himself;he thought about others”可知,这个人没有为了自己偷走钱包,而是为别人着想,所以答案为D项。instead作为副词意思是“代替,反之,反倒”,用来表示转折,故选_D__。
5.利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题
完形填空中经常会考查一些习惯搭配、固定结构和固定句式,这时考生就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。
例题:...,we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51.________what we would learn in class to our future professions...
A.Add B.Expose C.Apply D.compare
本题可以利用固定搭配解题。apply...to把……运用到……中。故选_C__。
6.利用生活常识和文化背景解题
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时,若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识,巧妙地加以运用,特别是注意中西文化的差异,将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程,节省宝贵的时间,从而轻松地做出正确判断。
例题:Getting a little closer,I realized one kayak (皮划艇) was in trouble.“Something's not right!”I took off my T-shirt and 49.______ into the water.I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle.He was shaking violently.Linking arms with one of the instructors,I helped 51.______ the young man out of the water.He was unconscious and as I looked at his face,something occurred to me.Those brown eyes were very familiar.“What's his name?”I asked the instructor.“Ben,”he replied,and immediately I knew.That stranger was my son!
49.A.Stared B.Sank C.Dived D.fell
51.A.Lead B.Persuade C.carry D.keep
这两道题可以利用生活常识和文化背景解题。根据生活常识,第49题我注意到一个皮划艇出了意外情况,我自然是脱掉T恤衫,“跳进”水里救人,dive意为“跳水”,故选_C__,第51题作者和一位教练双臂连续,两个人一起应该是将这个不省人事的年轻人“抬”出了水面,用carry表示“抬”。故选__C__。
四:课后习题
(A)
For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash would be a source(来源) of temptation(诱惑). But the 1 would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith 2 more remarkable. After spotting a 3 on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the 4 to return. After hours in the cold and wet, he 5 inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact(联系) the driver, only to 6 it contained £400 in notes, with another £50 in spare change beside it.He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after 7 a note behind to let the owner know it was safe. When the car’s owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car — which was itself worth £35,000 — in Glasgow city centre, they were 8 to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was 9 .The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his 10 .Mr. Anderson said:"I couldn’t believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight 11 he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has nothing and 12 he didn’t take the wallet for himself; he thought about others 13 . It’s unbelievable. It just proves there are 14 guys out there."Mr. Smith’s act 15 much of the public’s attention. He also won praise from social media users after Mr. Anderson 16 about the act of kindness on .
Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to 17 money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received £8,000. "I think the faith that everyone has shown 18 him has touched him. People have been approaching him in the street; he’s had job 19 and all sorts," Mr. Anderson commented. For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing 20 . The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another.
| 1.A. | hope | B. | aim | C. | urge | D. | effort |
| 2.A. | still | B. | even | C. | ever | D. | once |
| 3.A. | wallet | B. | bag | C. | box | D. | parcel |
| 4.A. | partner | B. | colleague | C. | owner | D. | policeman |
| 5.A. | turned | B. | hid | C. | stepped | D. | reached |
| 6.A. | discover | B. | collect | C. | check | D. | believe |
| 7.A. | taking | B. | leaving | C. | reading | D. | writing |
| 8.A. | satisfied | B. | excited | C. | amused | D. | shocked |
| 9.A. | safe | B. | missing | C. | found | D. | seen |
| 10.A. | service | B. | support | C. | kindness | D. | encouragement |
| 11.A. | when | B. | if | C. | where | D. | because |
| 12.A. | rather | B. | yet | C. | already | D. | just |
| 13.A. | too | B. | though | C. | again | D. | instead |
| 14.A. | honest | B. | polite | C. | rich | D. | generous |
| 15.A. | gave | B. | paid | C. | cast | D. | drew |
| 16.A. | learned | B. | posted | C. | cared | D. | heard |
| 17.A. | borrow | B. | raise | C. | save | D. | earn |
| 18.A. | of | B. | at | C. | for | D. | in |
| 19. | details | B. | changes | C. | offers | D. | applications |
| 20. | lesson | B. | adventure | C. | chance | D. | challenge |
(B)
Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment. Their savings had been 1 to pay lawyers’fees. To make matters worse, Moth was diagnosed(诊断) with a 2 disease. There was no 3 , only pain relief.
Failing to find any other way out, they decided to make a 4 journey, as they caught sight of an old hikers’ (徒步旅行者) guide.
This was a long journey of unaccustomed hardship and 5 recovery. When leaving home, Raynor and Moth had just £320 in the bank. They planned to keep the 6 low by living on boiled noodles, with the 7 hamburger shop treat.
Wild camping is 8 in England. To avoid being caught, the Winns had to get their tent up 9 and packed it away early in the morning. The Winns soon discovered that daily hiking in their 50s is a lot 10 than they remember it was in their 20s. Raynor 11 all over and desired a bath. Moth, meanwhile, after an initial 12 , found his symptoms were strangely 13 by their daily tiring journey.
14 , the couple found that their bodies turned for the better, with re-found strong muscles that they thought had 15 forever. "Our hair was fried and falling out, nails broken, clothes 16 to a thread, but we were alive."
During the journey, Raynor began a career as a nature writer. She writes, " 17 had taken every material thing from me and left me torn bare, an empty page at the end of a(n) 18 written book. It had also given me a 19 , either to leave that page 20 or to keep writing the story with hope. I chose hope."
1.A. drawn up B. used up C. backed up D. kept up
| 2.A. | mild | B. | common | C. | preventable | D. | serious |
| 3.A. | cure | B. | luck | C. | care | D. | promise |
| 4.A. | business | B. | walking | C. | bus | D. | rail |
| 5.A. | expected | B. | frightening | C. | disappointing | D. | surprising |
| 6.A. | budget | B. | revenue | C. | compensation | D. | allowance |
| 7.A. | frequent | B. | occasional | C. | abundant | D. | constant |
| 8.A. | unpopular | B. | lawful | C. | attractive | D. | illegal |
| 9.A. | soon | B. | early | C. | late | D. | slowly |
| 10.A. | harder | B. | easier | C. | cheaper | D. | funnier |
| 11.A. | rolled | B. | bled | C. | ached | D. | trembled |
| 12.A. | struggle | B. | progress | C. | excitement | D. | research |
| 13.A. | developed | B. | controlled | C. | reduced | D. | increased |
| 14.A. | Initially | B. | Eventually | C. | Temporarily | D. | abruptly |
| 15.A. | gained | B. | kept | C. | wounded | D. | lost |
| 16.A. | sewn | B. | washed | C. | worn | D. | ironed |
| 17.A. | Doctors | B. | Hiking | C. | Lawyers | D. | Homelessness |
| 18.A. | well | B. | partly | C. | neatly | D. | originally |
| 19.A. | choice | B. | reward | C. | promise | D. | break |
| 20.A. | loose | B. | full | C. | blank | D. | missing |
