
Background Knowledge
I. Product
In commerce, a product is a good or service which can be bought and sold. In marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a market that might satisfy a want or need. In retailing, products are called merchandise. In manufacturing, products are purchased as raw materials and sold as finished goods. Commodities are usually raw materials such as metals and agricultural products, but a commodity can also be anything widely available in the open market.
In general usage, “product” may refer to a single item or unit, a group of equivalent products, a grouping of goods or services, or an industrial classification for the goods or services.
The verb produce is from the Latin prōdūce(re), (to) lead or bring forth. The noun product is “a thing produced by labor or effort”. Since 1575, the word “product” has referred to anything produced. Since 1695, the word has referred to “thing or things produced”.
II. Promotion
Single element of an advertising campaign. A promotion might be a short-term price reduction, contest or sweepstakes, package giveaway, or free sample offer. A promotion might also be a single mailing within a direct mail campaign or series of advertisements that make up part of an ongoing print advertising campaign. The Milk Advisory Board has employed celebrities with milk mustaches in a series of magazine ads. These “Got Milk?” print ads are a promotion within an overall campaign to increase milk consumption.
It would be safe to say that most companies engage in some form of promotional activity every day of the year. Promotion is one of the four Ps of marketing—price, product, place, and promotion. Promotion is generally thought of as a sequence of activities designed to inform and convince individuals to purchase a product, subscribe to a belief, or support a cause. All of the various tools available to marketing managers for promotional activities constitute what is known as the promotional mix.
Promotional Mix
Marketing managers use different components of the promotional mix as tools for achieving company objectives—advertising, personal selling, public relations, and sales promotion. Each of these elements can be further divided into additional subcomponents or strategies. The majority of a company’s promotional resources are usually spent on these four elements for a simple reason: Companies perceive these methods as the most effective means to promote their products. Other specialized promotional techniques, however, are also used to enhance promotional objectives.
Advertising
Advertising is often thought of as the paid, nonpersonal communication used in the promotion of a cause, idea, product, or service by an identified sponsor. The various advertising delivery methods include banners at sporting events, billboards, Internet Web sites, logos on clothing, magazines, newspapers, radio spots, and television commercials. Among the common forms of advertising are advocacy, comparative, cooperative, informational, institutional, persuasive, product, reminder, point-of-purchase, and specialty.
Personal Selling
Personal selling is considered one of the most effective promotional techniques because it facilitates interaction between consumer and seller. With personal selling, a salesperson can listen to and determine a consumer's needs by asking questions and receiving feedback from the consumer. Furthermore, personal selling activities can generate long-lasting friendships between consumers and sellers that typically generate many repeat purchases. Personal selling can also occur by means of interactive computers, telephone conferences, and interactive videoconferencing. A drawback of personal selling, however, is its high cost. Examples of products promoted through personal selling include automobiles, life insurance, real estate, and many industrial products.
Public Relations
Public relations has been described as building goodwill with a company's various publics, including consumers, employees, government officials, stockholders, and suppliers. The overall goal of any public relations effort is to project a positive company image when dealing with such issues as community and government relations, employment practices, and environmental issues.
Sales Promotion
Sales promotions are marketing practices designed to facilitate the purchase of a product that do not include advertising, personal selling, or public relations. Companies use sales promotion for a variety of reasons; (1) to attract new product users who will hopefully turn into loyal consumers who keep buying the product; (2) to reward existing consumers with a price reduction, thereby maintaining their loyalty; and (3) to encourage repeat sales from occasional consumers.
Reading Skill Focus
Practice 1
| Month | What happened to Tom? |
| September | fell off parallel bars and got a concussion |
| October | sprained his ankle during the training |
| November | failed the mid-term exam |
| January | broke his thumb on the bar of the pommel horse and failed the final exam |
| May | failed to graduate |
1. 1) get to the side of the road;
2) lift the hood and place a wet cloth on the fuel line and the fuel pump, and wait until things cool off;
3) wrap the rag or some tinfoil around the line;
4) get back on the road.
2. signal words: steps; first; once; then; when.
Practice 3
1) classes with American students, official transcript
2) credit, transferable
3) advisors, admission application, letters of recommendation
4) SDSU special consideration
5) acceptance, available
Comprehensive Reading
罗纳尔迪尼奥成为联想品牌代言人
1 巴塞罗那俱乐部的球星巴西人罗纳尔多·德·阿西斯·莫雷拉,即罗纳尔迪尼奥已签约中国电脑巨人联想,成为其官方代言人,进行全球产品宣传活动。双方已签订保密协议,但联想拒绝谈论有关细节,尤其是费用问题。
2 联想集团高级副总裁兼大中国区总裁陈绍鹏表示,与一位国际体坛明星的合作是联想全球营销战略的一个重要组成部分。
3 联想希望罗纳尔迪尼奥的个人魅力和全球影响力能够帮助促进联想品牌的全球推广并受到欢迎。在一年的推广活动中,联想将有权在他们的广告中使用罗纳尔迪尼奥的个人形象。
4 陈绍鹏说:“罗纳尔迪尼奥是全球最有潜力的球员,而且全世界人民都对运动尤其是足球充满激情。我们认为这是联想的最佳代表,我们有决心成为全球最好的电脑品牌之一。”
5 为了推广最近发布的英特尔芯片驱动的联想品牌笔记本和台式机,在全球营销计划和促销活动中,罗纳尔迪尼奥将会成为广告宣传的中心。
6 “通过革新和优秀的客户服务,联想正在成为一个消费者认识并信赖的全球品牌,” 联想高级副总裁、首席营销官迪帕克·阿德瓦尼说:“巴塞罗那俱乐部和罗纳尔迪尼奥为足球界带来世界级的竞争和团队合作,而且他们在赛场上总是努力不断进取。这些精神都与联想非常契合——我们相信罗纳尔迪尼奥代表了我们的革新和追求杰出的企业文化。”
7 为了加强科技与体育的联系,联想已经在体育促销上投入了大量资金。2006年初,联想完成了它的首次奥运赞助。联想为2006都灵冬奥会提供了6000多个系统,它的完美登场展示出,这一世界第三大电脑厂商已经准备好在国际最大舞台上竞争,并为全球要求最高的客户提供高品质的产品和可靠的客户服务。联想投入了5亿多人民币(6242万美元)的加盟费,加入了2005-2008国际奥委会全球最高级别的合作伙伴计划。在奥运会历史上,这是第一次中国企业被选为奥运会主要合作伙伴。
8 “我很高兴成为联想全球品牌大使,”罗纳尔迪尼奥说。“从训练时与朋友和家人保持联系,设计我的训练程序,到查看巴塞罗那的排名,联想提供的科技和产品都提高了我的运动员生活质量。”
9 1997年,罗纳尔迪尼奥作为首席得分手率领巴西队赢得“17岁以下世界青年足球锦标赛”冠军,在世界足球赛场上首次成名。1999年,他率领他的球队在美洲杯上夺冠。2005年他当选为本年度欧洲足球先生和世界足球先生。他独特的球技为他赢得了无数同行的赞美,让他深受全世界球迷的爱戴。
Notes:
1 (Para. 2) According to Chen Shaopeng, senior vice-president of Lenovo Group and president of Lenovo’s greater China operation, partnering with an international sport star is an important part of Lenovo’s global marketing strategy.
senior vice-president of Lenovo Group and president of Lenovo’s greater China operation 是Chen Shaopeng的同位语;本句主语是现在分词短语partnering with an international sport star。
2. (Para. 7) Strengthening the ties between technology and sports, Lenovo has been investing a lot into sports promotion.
现在分词短语Strengthening the ties between technology and sports 做状语,分词strengthening的逻辑主语是Lenovo。
3. (Para. 7) Paying a fee of more than 500 million yuan (US$62.42 million), Lenovo joined the Olympic Partnership Programme 2005-2008.
The Olympic Partnership Programme 称为TOP计划,由国际奥委会于1984年设立,这是唯一允许赞助商在4年时间内使用奥运会品牌资产开展全球营销的赞助计划。联想2004年加入TOP计划,成为2005-2008年第六期TOP计划的全球赞助商。
4. (Para. 9) Ronaldinho first made his mark in the worldwide football arena in 1997, as the top scorer for the winning Brazil team at the “Under-17 World Championships.”
词组make one’s mark的意思是“to be success or famous”,即“成功,成名”。
Comprehension Check
Part 1
1. Lenovo’s global marketing strategy
2. excellence in customer service
3. world-class play and teamwork; improve their game.
4. high quality products; reliable customer services
5. more than 500 million
6. design his exercise routines; Barcelona’s standings
Part 2
| Year | Ronaldinho’s Achievements |
| 1997 | Top scorer for the winning Brazil team at the “Under-17 World Championships.” |
| 1999 | Led his team to victory at the America’s Cup. |
| 2005 | The European Footballer of the Year; the FIFPro World Player of the Year. |
Part 1
1. a. representation b. represent c. representatives
2. a. determined b. determination c. determines
3. a. innovated b. innovation c. innovative
4. a. investing b. investment
5. a. demonstration b. demonstrate
Part 2
1. enlarge 2. ownership 3. lighten 4. flawless
5. meaningless 6. enable 7. vice-president
Practical Reading
1. Corporate gifts. 2. Masculine Basket Planter; $49.95
3. Fresh Poinsettias 4. TF5-2
5. White Garden 6. 888-232-3692, or 801-773-8400.
7. Featured items.
Fast Reading
促销用电话卡
1 CorporatePhoneCards.com 提供全方位促销用电话卡服务。我们的目标是通过提供吸引人的、专业的、而且高效低成本的广告帮助你获得消费者认识,带来顾客响应,而这一广告不过商务名片大小。
2 现在说到免费赠品,没有人想要定制的碰碰球、多余的印有商标的棒球、或口袋日历。赠送预付话费的电话卡才显示出你既明智又实际。
3 专门为你设计制造促销用电话卡比你想象的要容易得多。我们会为你创造真正独特的专门定制产品,其高品质的图案会使你的公司与众不同。所有这些都比其它促销赠品价格低廉。
4 看一看我们的电话卡的样品,你也会认为它们是完美的促销赠品。你会发现百事可乐、国家广播公司、美国以及很多其他客户使用我们的预付费电话卡来吸引新的消费者或与老客户继续联系。
5 促销用电话卡比商务名片更加有效,它包括你公司的所有重要信息,可以免费打电话,客户每次打电话时都会吸引他们的注意力,因此比商务名片更有效。我们还为小预算(每张卡0.美分起价)及需要快速周转的客户提供特别订制的电话卡。
6 提供印有公司标识、信息和电话号码的电话卡也许正是你公司增加可见性所需要的。用它们作为公司促销用品,尤其是广告品,或展会上的免费赠品。充分利用下列我们提供的服务:
⊙ 免费促销用电话卡侧或
⊙ 免费提供电话卡校样
⊙ 订货则免费提供电话卡设计
⊙ 免费定制的促销用电话卡语言问候(订货250张电话卡以上)
⊙ 使用我们的现金流节约计划来省钱
7 为什么还要等到下一次展览会?提前订制然后再分销商会议、产业研讨会、零售商会议和社交场合就能够有崭新的一批电话卡让员工分发下去。或者作为节日礼物邮给你最好的客户。他们会很喜欢电话卡提供的方便,而且你的公司也会增加可见性。联系“公司电话卡”定制你下一次的促销用品吧。
Comprehension Check
1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. D
Supplementary Reading
SanDisk Sansae 270抢先看
1 直到现在,如果你想拥有一个内存足够大的超薄型MP3,只能有两款4-GB(1000首歌)播放器供你选择——三星YP-25和苹果的iPod Nano。
2 那些播放器已经不再如此与众不同了。新款Sansa e270,270美元,增加了50%的容量——总共6GB——还增加了其他播放器没有的特点。Sansa高1.8英寸,宽3.5英寸,厚0.6英寸,重2.6盎司。
3 Sansa也有小容量的,在价格和容量上与其他播放器类似:4-GB的售价为220美元,2-GB的售价为170美元。像Nano(以及很多其他的MP3播放器)一样,通过耳麦播放,Sansa可以制造接近CD音质的音乐效果,但是提供的耳塞式耳机则达不到那样的效果,只能说是还不错。制造商说播放器的可移动式充电电池可以支持连续播放20小时。
4 根据我们的初步测试,Sansa在以下几个方面优于同类播放器。
5 多功能。Sansa有FM收音,还可以录音,这都是iPod没有的功能。你可以将你最喜欢的广播节目录下来,或使用播放器内置的麦克风录说话的声音。它还可以播放视频片断,而Nano却不能。但是,只有配有硬盘驱动的iPod可以从苹果的iTunes——最大的网络付费视频资源——下载并播放视频。因此与所有其他不是苹果的视频播放器相比,Sansa的视频功能对于播放你自己制作的视频来说可能是最有用的。
6 更多的存储容量。Sansa可以通过内存插槽来扩大板载容量,插槽支持SanDisk microSD™,也支持Rusted Flash™或Gruvi™存储卡。这样你最大可以增加1GB(205首歌曲)的音乐。(但不能看在这卡上存储的照片或视频。)
7 大屏幕。Sansa的彩色屏高1.4英寸,宽1.1英寸——比Nano的屏要大。
8 免费配线。和其他MP3播放器一样,Sansa充电用的USB电脑接口线也是专用的。大多数MP3的专用线如果弄丢了,你就只能再买一条新的。而如果你第一次弄丢或损坏了Sansa的连线,SanDisk可以免费给你换一条,这是个很受欢迎的举措;你只要打公司的免费热线就行了。
9 Sansa是非常用户友好的播放器,内存(6GB)比对手大,而且有扩展槽可以增加容量。售价270美元,每GB的价格低于Nano。现在如果你想要市面有售的、大容量的闪存播放器,还想要一个带有收音和录音功能小型媒体播放器,那么你就选SanDisk吧。
Comprehension Check
Part 1
1. Versatility; Extra memory capability; Fairly large screen; Free replacement cable.
2. It is the largest online source for pay-video content.
Part 2
1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F 6. T 7. F 8. T
Vocabulary Check
1. d 2. e 3. a 4. h 5. f 6. b 7. c 8. g
