
情态动词定义:
表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词叫情态动词。
情态动词语法特征
1)情态动词不能单独作谓语,没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
2)情态动词的否定式是在情态动词后面直接+not。
3)情态动词的疑问式是把情态动词提到主语前。
主要情态动词
can, could(be able to)
may, might
must (have to)
will, would
shall, should
ought to
need
dare
情态动词的用法
I.can/ could
1.___Can___ you speak Japanese? Just a little.
2.Only the judge ___can___ save her from prison.
3.I ___could___ drive a car before I left middle school.
4.It was so dark that I ___could___ see nothing.
Note: 表能力、有权力 (could是can的过去式)
5.--___Can/Could ___ I go home now? --Yes, you can. –No, you can’t.
6.--___Can/Could___ I speak to Andrew?
7.You ___can’t___(not)smoke here.
Note: (口语)允许、请求,表可以 (could非can的过去式,表委婉)
8.It ___can___/could ____ be very cold here, even in spring.
9.She is clever, but she ___can___/could___ be dull sometimes.
Note: (表示偶然现象发生的可能性)有时会,时而可能
10.It ___can’t___/couldn’t___(not) be my father. He is abroad now.
11.There is someone outside. Who ___can___ it be?
12.You __can’t/couldn’t have seen him__ (not see) him. He was not there.
13.She __ can’t/couldn’t have been ___(not be) more than six then.
14.He __ can’t/couldn’t have finished___ (not finish) the work last night without your help.
Note: 表推测(否定、疑问句)
15.He __could have told__(tell) me the answer but he refused to.
Note: 过去本能做而没有做
16.You _cannot/ can never_________ do the work too well.
17.You _cannot /can never__ be careful enough in your study.
Note: cannot…too; can never... too; cannot enough再…都不为过;越…越好
can & be able to
区别:1. can 只有两种时态 现在时can & 过去时 could
be able to 有各种时态
2. 用于一般所具有的能力,可以互换,但是当表示成功做到时,通常用be able to或manage to
1.He _can/is able to_ write music.
2.We shall __be able to__ finish the work soon.
3.I haven’t _been able to_ find the book.
4.He _could/was able to__ swim like a fish when he was young.
5.I talked with her for a long time and finally I __was able to_ make her believe me.
6.The fire spread through the building quickly but everybody ___was able to /managed___ to escape.
II.may/might
1.--__May___ I leave now?
--Yes, you __may__./Yes,please.
--No, you __may not /can’t/mustn’t___.
2. He asked if he _might_____ use the phone.
3. We start early so that we _may/might___ arrive in time.
Note: (允许、请求)可以
4. __May__ you be happy all your life.
Note: 祝、愿
5. John is absent. He __may/might_____ be ill.
6. It _may/might______ rain tomorrow or it __may/might_____ be merely cloudy.
7. I can’t find my book. I _may/might have left___(leave) it in your office just now.
8. You know this story very well. You _may/might have read___(read) it before.
Note: 表推测
9. We start early so that we ___may ___ arrive in time.
10. I wrote down his telephone number so that I ___might___ remember it.
Note: 表目的(用于目的状语从句中)
maybe & may be
11. He ___may be ___ here. I’m not sure.
12. ____Maybe______ you should call him.
13. –Are you going out tonight?
-- ____Maybe____.
III.must
1.You __must___ have a passport if you want to go abroad.
2.Drivers __mustn’t___ drive after drinking.
Note: (义务、责任、强制、命令)必须应该
3.You _must_______ first finish your homework before you watch TV.
4.--_Must________ I come tomorrow?
--Yes, you __must____.
--No, you __needn’t/ don’t have to_____.
Note: (说话者主观上的意愿、建议、命令等)应该、必须、务必
5.Winter __must___ be followed by spring.
6.All living things ___must___ die.
Note: 表示客观规律不可避免性或必然性,注定要,必然(只用于肯定句)
7.You __must___ be ill. I can see it from your face.
8.You __must have read___(read) the book. You know the story very well.
9.There’s much noise from next door. They __must be having__(have) a party.
Note: 表肯定推测
Must & have to
区别:1. have to 用于各种时态,还可和其它情态动词连用
2. have to 表示因客观环境的迫使而不得不做某事
1.-- Let’s see a movie tonight.
--I’d love to, but I __have to____ take care of my mom.
2. They __had to__ speed up, for the weather turned terrible.
3. They will ___have to ___ get up early tomorrow.
4. We may ___have to___ put off the plan.
5. You ___don’t have to ___ tell him about it.不一定要
6. You ___mustn’t ___ tell him about it. 一定不要
IV.shall
1.I __shall________ ring you as soon as I arrive.
Note: 将来时(第一人称)将要、会
2.__Shall______ I open the window for you?
3.Let’s go to the cinema tonight, __shall___we?
Note: (在问句中表示说话人征求对方意见或提出建议,用于第一、三人称)…好么
V. should & ought to
1.We hoped that we __should______ be able to do that.
Note: 用于过去将来时
2.You _should/ought to____ be more careful next time.
3._Should____ I call him and apologize?
Note: (表示建议、劝告、命令、要求) 应该,必须 (ought to 语气强)
4.It’s 4:30. They __should______ be in New York by now.
Note: (表示说话者根据一定的依据猜测、推测、推论等)该,可能
5.You _should have told__(tell) me earlier about it, but you didn’t.
6.You __shouldn’t have done_________ (do) that to your mother, but you did.
Note: 过去按理该…而实际没有…(常有责备、埋怨、惋惜之意)
VI. will
1.He _will____ come back soon.
Note: 将来时
2.I hope you __will____ succeed.
3.I __will____ do my best to help you.
Note: (表意愿、决心、承诺)要、愿、想、会、保证
4.When he is in trouble, he __will______ turn to his coach for help.
5.I _will___ turn you out of doors if you don’t keep quiet.
Note: 状语从句
VII. would
1.He told us that he __would______ meet us at the airport.
Note: 过去将来时
2.--__Would______ you mind my smoking?
--Yes, _please don’t. /You’d better not. _______________.
---No, __go ahead______________
Note: 提出请求、邀请(委婉)
3.I __would________ like to see a film tonight.
4.I _would____ rather not leave you here.
5._Would __ you please _not smoke____(not smoke) here?
Note: 意愿、决心、喜欢等
6.He _would_________ be delighted if I went to see him.
7.If you had come earlier, you _would have seen__(see) him.
Note: 条件句(虚拟)
8.When he was young, he __would__often __walk___ (walk) in these woods.
Note: (表过去习惯性、经常性的行为或动作)总是
VIII. need (情态动词没有过去式)
Note: 1) need 作实意动词,有人称、时态和数的变化
2) need 作情态动词,只能用在否定句和疑问句中,没有人称、时态和数的变化
need sth don’t need sth Do … need sth ?
need to do don’t need to do Do …need to do… ?
needn’t do Need …do …?
1.He __needs to_________(go) there now.
2.He _need not/ doesn’t need to go__ (not go) there now.
3.--__Need_/Does ______he ____go_/need to go___(go) there now?
-- Yes, he _must__/does______.
--No, he _needn’t_/doesn’t________.
4. He needs to finish the work by Friday, ___doesn’t______ he?
5. He needn’t stay there, __need_______ he?
6.He __needn’t have given_____ (not give) her so much money at the time, and now he regrets it.
Note: needn’t have done过去本不必做却做了
need doing & need to be done
7.I _need to__ (repair) the computer.
The computer __needs repairing_____.(repair)
The computer __needs to be repaired____(repair)
IX. dare (情态动词有过去式dared)
Note: 1) dare作实意动词,有人称、时态和数的变化
2) dare作情态动词,只能用在否定句和疑问句中,没有人称和数的变化, 但有过去时。
dare to do don’t dare to do Do …dare to do… ?
dare not do Dare…do …?
1.He __dares to say__(say) what he thinks.
2.He __dare not say_/doesn’t dare to say______(not say) what he thinks.
3.--__Dare_/Does _____he __say_/dare to say____(say) what he thinks?
--Yes, he __dare/ does_________.
--No, he __dare not/ doesn’t______.
4. How __dare_____ you say(say) so?
5. I __dare__ you ___to climb_____(climb) the tree.
Note: dare sb. to do sth.谅某人也不敢做某事
6. I __dare say________(say) things will improve.
Note: I dare say我敢说,我认为,很可能,恐怕
补充:
1.情态动词表猜测时,不同的“肯定”程度依次排列如下:
●He is at home. ( 事实 )
●He must be at home.( 非常可能)
●He should be at home.( 很可能 )
●He may be at home.( 仅仅可能 )
●He might be at home.( 或许 )
●He isn’t at home.( 事实 )
●He can’t be home.( 接近肯定 )
●He couldn’t be at home.( 不及 can’t 肯定 )
●He may not be at home. ( 可能 ,但不肯定 )
●He might not be at home.( 不及 may 肯定 )。
2.情态动词+ have done
could have done (本能做而没做…)
can’t / couldn’t have done (不可能已经做了…)
must have done (肯定已经…)
may/might have done (可能已经做了…)
might not have done (不太可能已经…)
should have done (本应该而没做…)
shouldn’t have done(本不应当做而做了…)
needn’t have done(本没必要而做了…)
1.Why did you stay at a hotel when you were in New York? You ____could have stayed _____ with Barbara there.
2.The phone rang but I didn’t hear. I ____ must have been asleep _____ at that time.
3.–Do you think she saw you? --No, she was too far away. She __couldn’t have seen ___ me.
4.–I wonder why she didn’t say hello. Perhaps she didn’t see me.
--That’s possible. She ___ might not have seen ___ you.
5. –Do you know where George is? I can’t find him anywhere.
--I’m not sure. He ____ might have gone shopping___.
6. If I hadn’t slipped on the stairs, I ___ wouldn’t have broken____ my arm.
7. Why did you wash that shirt? It wasn’t dirty. You ___ needn’t have washed ___ it.
8. It was a great party last night. You ___ should have come___. Why didn’t you?
9. I’m feeling sick, for I have eaten a lot of chocolate. I _____ shouldn’t have eaten ____ too much chocolate.
