
商务英语有很多的发展方向,比如翻译、外贸、教师等等很多选择。不过,不管你希望往哪个方向去发展,一些国际通用的谈判知识,还是可以先了解的。下面我们就来看下,专业的商务谈判中,各种技巧及原则的英文释义吧!
1、Bargaining讨价还价 petitive, win-lose situations.
2、Selective perception 选择性感知
When the perceiver singles out certain information that supports a prior belief and filters out information that does not confirm that belief.
3、Intangibles无形因素
intangible factors are the underlying psychological motivations that may directly or indirectly influence the parties during a negotiation.
4、Interdependent相互依赖
when the parties depend on each other to achieve their own preferredoute they are interdependent.
5、Negotiator’s dilemma谈判者的困境 the choice of whether to pursue a claiming value strategy is described as the “negotiator’s dilemma”.
6、initial offer最初报价
the first number the buyer will e to the seller.
7、petitive situation竞争性情形:
when the goals of two or more people are interconnected so that only one can achieve the goal, this is petitive situation, also known as a zero-sumor distributive situation,in which “individuals are so linked together that there is a negative correlation between their goal attainments”.
8、Mutual-gainssituation相互获益情形: When parties’ goals arelinked so that one person’s goal achievement helps others to achieve theirgoals, it is a mutual-gains situation,also known as a non-sum or integrative situation.
9、BATNA达成谈判协议的最佳选择
an acronym for best alternative to a negotiated agreement.
10、Thedilemma of honesty诚实困境 it concerns how much of the truth to tell the other party.
11、Thedilemma of trust信任困境
it concerns how much should negotiators believe what the other party tells them.
12、Distributive bargaining分配式谈判
accepts the fact that there can only be one winner given the situation and pursues a course of action to be that winner.
13、Integrative bargaining共赢争价
attempts to find solutions so both parties can do well and achieve their goals.
14、Claimvalue主张价值
to do whatever is necessary to claim the reward, gain the lion’s share, or gain the largest piece possible.
15、Createvalue创造价值
to find a way for all parties to meet their objectives, either by identifying more resources or finding unique ways to share and coordinate the use of existing resources.
16、Stereotypes心理定势
is a very mon distortion of the perceptual process. It occurs when one individual assigns attributes to anothersolely on the basis of the other’s membership in a particular social or demographic category.
17、Contending争夺战略
actors pursuing the contending strategy pursue their own outes strongly and show little concern for whether the other party obtains his or her desired outes.
18、Yielding屈服战略
actors pursuing the yielding strategy show little interest orconcern in whether they attain their own outes, but they are quite interested in whether the other party attains his or her outes.
19、Inaction不作为战略 actors pursuing the inaction strategy show little interest in whether they attain their own out-es, as well as little concern about the other party obtains his or her outes.
20、Problem solving解决问题战略 actors pursuing the problem solving strategy show high concern for attaining their own outes and high concern for whether the other.
21、target point目标点
the point at which negotiator would like toconclude negotiations.
22、resistance point拒绝点
a negotiator’s bottom line, the mostthe buyer will pay or the smallest amount the seller will settle for.
23、a positive bargaining range积极的谈判空间
the buyer’s resistance is above the the seller’s, and the buyer minimally willing to pay morethan the seller is minimally willing to sell for.
24、Reciprocity互惠主义
when you receive sth from another person, you should respond in the future with a favor in return.
25、The winner’s curse赢家的诅咒
the tendency of negotiators, particularly inan auction setting, to settle quickly on an item and then subsequently feel disfort about a negotiation win that es too easily.
26、Process-basedinterests基于谈判过程的利益
related to how the negotiators behave as they negotiate.
27、indirect assessment间接估计
determining what information an individual likely used to set target and resistance point and how he or she interpreted this information.
28、ive presentation选择性表述
negotiators reveal only the facts necessary to support their case.
29、Pareto efficient frontier帕累托有效边界
the claiming value line is pushed towards the upper right-hand side to the fullest extent possibleby creating value, and the line is called the Pareto efficient frontier.
30、shared goal共享目标
the goal that both parties work toward but that benefits each party differently.
31、joint goal联合目标
the goal thatinvolves individuals with different personal goals agreeing to bine them in a collective effort.
32、Endowment effect捐赠效应
The tendency to overvalue something you ownor believe you possess.
33、Relationship-basedinterests基于双方关系的利益
tied to the current or desired future relationship between theparties.
34、Resistance point拒绝点
a resistance point is the place where you decide that you should absolutely stop the negotiation rather than continue because any settlement beyond this point is not minimally acceptable.
35、Alternatives可替代的选择
other agreements negotiators couldachieve and still meet their needs.
36、Target point目标点
one realistically expects to achievea settlement and the asking price, representing the best deal one can hope toachieve.
37、Halo effects晕轮效应
rather than using a person’s group membership as a basis for classification, however,halo effects occur when people generalize about a variety of attributes basedon the knowledge of one attribute of an individual.
38、Projection投射效应
When people assign to others the characteristics or feelings that they possess themselves.
39、Mythical fixed-pie beliefs固定蛋糕观念
those who believe in the mythical fixed-pie assume there is no possibility for integrative settlements and mutually beneficial trade-offs, and they suppress efforts to search for them.
40、Anchoring and adjustment基准调节 cognitive biases in anchoring and adjustmentare related to the effect of the standard (or anchor)against which subsequent adjustments are made during negotiation.
41、Issue framing and risk谈判框架的制定方式与风险 the way a negotiation is framedcan make negotiators more or less risk averse or risk seeking.
42、Availability of information信用的可用性
in negotiation, the availabilitybias operates when information that is presented in vivid, colorful, orattention-getting ways bees easy to recall, and thus also bees centraland critical in evaluating events and options.
43、The law of small numbers小数法则
in decision theory, the law of small numbersrefers to the tendency of people to draw conclusions from sle sizes. Innegotiation, the law of small numbers applies to the way negotiator learn and extrapolate from their own experience.
44、Self-serving biases感知错误
The tendency to overestimate the causal roleof personal or internal factors and underestimate the causal role of situationalor external factors, when explaining another person’s behavior.
45、Ultimatum最后通牒
an ultimatum is an attempt to induce pliance or force concessions from a presumably recalcitrant opponent.
