方剂歌诀大全

一、解表剂： 

           1、   辛温解表 

                  麻黄汤： 

                  麻黄汤中用桂枝，杏仁甘草四般施，发热恶寒头项痛，喘而无汗服之宜。 

                  桂枝汤： 

                  桂枝汤治太阳风，芍药甘草姜枣同，解肌发表调营卫，表虚自汗正宜用。 

                  九味羌活汤： 

                  九味羌活用防风，细辛苍芷与川芎，黄苓生地加甘草，发汗祛风力量雄。 

                  加味香苏散 

                  加味香苏陈皮草，荆防艽蔓川芎姜，恶风身热头项痛，胸脘满闷服之松。 

                  小青龙汤： 

                  小小青龙最有功，风寒束表饮停胸，细辛半夏甘和味，姜桂麻黄芍药同。 

             2、   辛凉解表 

                  桑菊饮： 

                  桑菊饮中桔杏翘，芦根甘草薄荷绕，清疏肺卫轻宣剂，风温咳嗽服之消。 

                  银翘散： 

                  银翘散主上焦疴，竹叶荆蒡豉薄荷，甘桔芦根凉解法，发热咽痛服之瘥。 

                  麻黄杏仁甘草石膏汤： 

                  麻杏甘草石膏汤，四药组合有专长，肺热壅盛气喘急，辛凉疏泄止法良。 

                  升麻葛根汤； 

                  阎氏升麻葛根汤，芍药甘草合成方，麻疹初期出不透，解肌透疹此方良。 

                  竹叶柳蒡汤： 

                  竹叶柳蒡葛根知，蝉衣荆芥薄荷施，石膏粳米参甘麦，风疹急投莫延迟。 

                  柴葛解肌汤： 

                  陶氏柴葛解肌汤，邪在三阳热势张，苓芍桔草姜枣芷，羌膏解表清热良。 

                  葱豉桔梗汤： 

                  葱豉桔梗翘薄荷，山栀竹叶加甘草：热邪束肺嗽咽痛，风温初起此方疗。 

              3.    扶正解表 

                  败毒散： 

                  人参败毒草苓芎，羌独柴前枳桔同，生姜薄荷煎汤服，祛寒除湿功效宏。 

                  再造散： 

                  再造散用参附芪，桂甘羌防芎芍齐，再加细辛姜枣煮，阳虚寒闭最相宜。 

                  葱白七味饮： 

                  葱白七味外台方，新豉葛根与生姜，麦冬生地千扬水，血虚外感最相当。 

                  加减葳蕤汤： 

                  加减栽蕤用白薇，豆豉生葱桔梗随，草枣薄荷共八味，滋阴发汗此方施。 

二、  泻下剂： 

           1、   寒下 

                  大承气汤： 

                  大承气汤用硝黄，配以枳朴泻力强，阳明腑实真阴灼，峻下热结此方良。 

                  大陷胸汤； 

                  大陷胸汤治结胸，甘遂硝黄三味用：心下硬满不可近，泻热逐水建奇功。 

               2、   温下 

                  大黄附子汤； 

                  大黄附子细辛汤，胁下寒凝偏痛方，冷积内停成实证，温下寒实可复康。 

                  温脾汤； 

                  温脾附子及干姜，甘草人参及大黄，寒热并进补兼泻：攻下冷积振脾阳。 

                  三物备急丸： 

                  三物备急巴豆研，干姜大黄不需煎，卒然腹痛因寒积，速投此方急救先。 

             三、   润下剂 

                  麻子仁丸： 

                  麻子仁丸治脾约，燥热津亏便下难，枳朴大黄蜜杏芍，润肠泄热便下来。 

                  济川煎： 

                  济川归膝肉苁蓉，泽泻升麻枳壳从，便结体虚难下夺，寓通于补法堪宗。 

           四、    逐水剂 

                  十枣汤： 

                  十枣逐水效堪夸，甘遂大戟与芫花；悬饮潴留胸胁痛，大腹肿满用亦佳。 

                  舟车丸： 

                  舟车黑丑及大黄，遂戟芫花槟木香，表皮陈皮轻粉入，逐水消肿力量强。 

                  疏凿饮子： 

                  疏凿饮子泻水方，木通泽泻与槟榔，羌艽苓腹椒商陆，赤豆姜皮退肿良。 

             五、    攻补兼施 

                  新加黄龙汤； 

                  新加黄龙用海参，玄麦生地硝黄呈，参归姜草扶正气，攻补兼施法可尊。 

                  增液承气汤： 

                  增液承气玄地冬，更加硝黄力量雄，热结阴亏肠燥结，滋阴泻下法可宗。 

              六、    和解剂； 

                1、  和解少阳 

                  小柴胡汤； 

                  小柴胡汤和解功，半夏人参甘草从，更加黄芩生姜枣，少阳为病此方宗。 

                  葛苓清胆汤： 

                  蒿苓清胆枳竹茹，苓夏陈皮碧玉须，热重寒轻痰湿重，胸痞呕恶总能除。 

                  柴胡达原饮： 

                  柴胡达原槟朴果，更加苓草枳壳和，青皮桔梗荷叶柄，豁痰胸宽截疟疴。 

              2、    调和肝脾 

                  四逆散： 

                  四逆散里用柴胡，芍药枳实甘草须，此是阳郁成厥逆，疏和抑郁厥自除。 

                  逍遥散： 

                  逍遥散用当归芍，柴苓米草加姜薄，疏肝健脾功最奇，调经再把丹栀入。 

                  痛泻要方： 

                  痛泻要方用陈皮，术芍防风共成剂，肠鸣泄泻腹又痛，治在泻肝又实脾。 

              3、    调和肠胃 

                  半夏泻心汤； 

                  半夏泻心配连芩：千姜枣草．人参行，辛苦甘温消虚痞；治在调阳与和阴； 

              七、    清热剂： 

                1、  清气分热 

                  白虎汤： 

                  白虎汤清气分热，石膏知母草米协，阳明大汗兼烦渴，清热生津法最宜。 

                  竹叶石膏汤： 

                  竹叶石膏汤人参，麦冬半夏甘草承，更加粳米同煎服，清热益气津自生。 

                2、  清营凉血 

                  清营汤： 

                  清营汤治热传营，身热烦渴眠不宁，犀地银翘玄连竹，丹麦清热更护阴。 

                  犀角地黄汤： 

                  犀角地黄芍药丹，血热妄行吐衄斑，蓄血发狂舌真绛，凉血散血服之安。 

               3、   清热解毒 

                  黄连解毒汤： 

                  黄连解毒柏栀芩，三焦火盛是主因，大热烦躁兼错语，疮痈疔疖服之宁。 

                  凉膈散： 

                  凉膈硝黄栀子翘，黄芩甘草薄荷饶，再加竹叶调蜂蜜，中焦躁实服之消。 

                  普济消毒饮： 

                  普济消毒蒡芩连，甘桔蓝根勃翘玄，升柴陈薄僵蚕入，大头瘟毒服之痊。 

                4、  气血两清 

                  清瘟败毒饮： 

                  清瘟败毒地连芩，丹膏栀草竹叶并；犀角玄翘知芍桔，清热解毒亦滋阴。 

                5、  清脏腑热 

                  导赤散： 

                  导赤生地与木通，草梢竹叶四味共，口糜淋痛小肠火，引热同归小便中。 

                  龙胆泻肝汤： 

                  龙胆泻肝栀芩柴，生地车前泽泻偕，木通甘草当归合，肝经湿热力能排。 

                  左金丸； 

                  左金黄连与吴萸，胁痛吞酸悉能医。 

                  泻白散； 

                  泻白甘草地骨皮，桑皮再加粳米宜，泻肺清热平喘咳，肺中伏火用之宜。 

                  清胃散； 

                  清胃散中当归连，生地丹皮升麻全；或加石膏泻胃火，能消牙痛与牙宣。 

                  泻黄散： 

                  泻黄甘草与防风，石膏栀子藿香充，炒香蜜酒调和服，胃热口疮并风功。

        玉女煎；

           玉女煎用熟地黄，膏知牛膝麦冬囊，胃热阴虚相为病，牙痛齿松宜煎尝。 

                  芍药汤： 

                  芍药大黄与槟榔，苓连归桂甘草香，重在调气兼行血，里急便脓自然康。 

                  白头翁汤： 

                  白头翁汤热痢方，连柏秦皮四药良，味苦性寒能凉血，坚阴止痢在清肠。 

                6、 清虚热 

                  青蒿鳖甲汤： 

                  青篙鳖甲地知丹，热由阴来仔细看，夜热早凉无汗出，养阴透热服之安。 

                  秦艽鳖甲散： 

                  秦艽鳖甲治风劳，地骨柴胡及青蒿，当归知母乌梅合，滋阴清热敛汗超。 

                  清骨散： 

                  清骨散用银柴胡，胡连秦艽鳖甲辅，地骨青蒿知母草，骨蒸劳热一并除。 

                  当归六黄汤： 

                  火炎汗出六黄汤，归柏芩连二地黄，倍用黄芪为固表，滋阴泻火敛汗强。 

              八、    祛暑剂： 

                1、  祛暑清热 

                  清络饮： 

                  清络饮用荷叶边，竹丝银扁翠衣添，鲜用辛凉轻清剂，暑伤肺络服之痊 

                2、  祛暑解表 

                  新加香薷饮： 

                  香薷朴银翘，扁豆鲜花一齐熬，暑温口渴汗不出，清热化湿又解表。 

                  散用朴扁豆，祛暑和中湿邪消。 

                3、  祛暑利湿 

                  六一散(益元散)： 

                  散中滑石甘，一方两法义须清，清热祛暑为常法，利水通淋亦细参。 

                  桂苓甘露饮： 

                  桂苓甘露猪苓膏，木泽寒水滑石草，清暑泄热又利湿，发热烦渴一并消。 

                4、  清暑益气 

                  清暑益气汤： 

                  益气西洋参，竹叶知草与荷梗，麦冬米斛连瓜翠，暑热伤津此方能。 

           九、   温里剂： 

            1、  温中祛寒 

                  理中丸： 

                  理中丸主温中阳，人参甘草术干姜，原为脾胃虚寒设，后人衍化许多方。 

                  吴茱萸汤： 

                  吴莱萸汤参枣姜，肝胃虚寒此方良，阳明寒呕少阴利，厥阴头痛亦堪尝。 

                  小建中汤： 

                  小建中汤芍药多，桂枝甘草姜枣合，饴糖为君补中气，虚劳腹痛服之瘥。 

                  大建中汤： 

                  大建中汤建中阳，饴糖人参配椒姜，中阳衰弱胸腹痛，痛而拒按服之康。 

               2、  回阳救逆 

                  四逆汤： 

                  四逆汤中附草姜，四肢厥冷急煎尝，腹痛吐泻脉沉细，急投此方可回阳。 

                  回阳救急汤： 

                  回阳救急用六君，桂附二姜五味随，加麝三厘或胆汁，三阴寒厥有奇功。 

                  黑锡丹： 

                  温下镇上黑锡丹，硫磺桂附茴沉楝，芦故起石肉蔻香，虚喘殿逆服之验。 

               3、  温经散寒 

                  当归四逆汤； 

                  当归四逆桂芍枣，细辛甘草与通草，血虚肝寒四肢厥，煎服此方乐陶陶。 

           十、  表里双解剂 

           1、  解表攻里 

                  大柴胡汤： 

                  大柴胡汤用大黄，枳芩夏芍枣生姜，少阳阳明同合病，和解攻里效力强。 

                  防风通圣散； 

                  防风通圣大黄硝，荆芥麻黄栀芍翘，甘桔芎归膏滑石，薄荷芩术力编饶。 

              2、  解表清里 

                  葛根黄芩黄连汤： 

                  葛根黄芩黄连汤，再加甘草共煎尝，邪陷阳明成热痢，清里解表保安康。 

                  石膏汤： 

                  石膏汤用苓柏连，麻黄豆豉山栀全，清热解毒兼解表，枣姜细茶一同煎。 

            3、  解表温里 

                  五积散： 

                  五积消滞又温中，麻黄苍芷芍归芎 桔桂苓甘草朴，两姜陈皮半夏葱。 

       十一、    补益剂： 

          1、 补气 

                  四君子汤： 

                  四君子汤中和义，参术获苓甘草比，食少便溏体赢瘦，甘平益胃效相当。 

                  参苓白术散： 

                  参苓白术扁豆陈，莲草山药砂苡仁；桔梗上浮兼保肺，枣汤调服益脾神。 

                  补中益气汤： 

                  补中益气芪术陈，升柴参草当归身，劳倦内伤功独擅，气虚下陷亦堪珍。 

                  生脉散： 

                  生脉麦味与人参，保肺生津又提神；气少汗多兼口渴，病危脉绝急煎斟。 

                  人参蛤蚧散： 

                  罗氏人参蛤蚧散，专治痰血与喘满，桑皮二母草杏苓，肺痿服之症可缓。 

              2、    补血 

                  四物汤： 

                  四物归地芍与芎，营血虚滞此方宗：妇女发病凭加减，临证之时可变通。 

                  当归补血汤： 

                  当归补血重黄芪，甘温除热法颇奇，芪取十分归二份，阳生阴长理奥秘。 

                  归脾汤： 

                  归脾汤用参术芪，归草茯神远志齐，酸枣木香龙眼肉，煎加姜枣益心脾。 

                  炙甘草汤： 

                  炙甘草汤参桂姜，麦地胶枣麻仁襄，心动悸兮脉结代，虚劳肺痿俱可尝。 

              3、    气血双补 

                  八珍汤： 

                  双补气血八珍汤，四君四物合成方，煎加姜枣调营卫，气血亏虚服之康。 

                  泰山磐石散： 

                  十全大补减桂苓，更加续断砂糯苓，气血双补安胎好，泰山磐石是方名。

              4、   补阴 

                  六味地黄丸： 

                  六味地黄益肾肝，山药丹泽萸苓掺，肾阴亏损虚火上，滋阴补肾自安康。 

                  左归丸： 

                  左归丸内山药地，萸肉枸杞与牛膝，菟丝龟鹿二胶合，壮水之主方第一。 

                  大补阴丸： 

                  大补阴丸地知柏，龟版脊髓蜜成方，咳嗽咯血骨蒸热，阴虚火旺制亢阳。 

                  虎潜丸： 

                  虎潜足痿是妙方，虎骨陈皮并锁阳，龟版干姜知母芍，再加柏地作丸尝。 

                  二至丸： 

                  二至女贞与旱莲，或加桑椹和成丸，肝肾阴虚得培补，消除眩晕与失眠。 

                  一贯煎： 

                  一贯煎中生地黄，沙参归杞麦冬藏，少佐川楝泄肝气，阴虚胁痛此方良。 

                  石斛夜光丸： 

                  石斛夜光枳膝芎，二地二冬杞丝苁，青霜草决犀羚角，参味连苓蒺草风， 

                  再与杏菊山药配，养阴明目第一功。 

                  补肺阿胶汤； 

                  补肺阿胶马兜铃，牛蒡甘草杏糯匀，肺虚火盛最宜服，降气生津咳嗽宁。 

                  龟鹿二仙胶： 

                  人参龟版鹿角胶，更加枸杞熬成膏，滋阴益肾填精髓，“精极”用此治效高。 

                  七宝美髯丹： 

                  七宝美髯何首乌，菟丝牛膝茯苓俱，骨脂枸杞当归合，专益肝肾精血虚。 

               5、   补阳 

                  肾气丸： 

                  肾气丸补肾阳虚，地黄山药及茱萸，苓泽丹皮合桂附，水中生火在温煦。 

                  右归丸： 

                  右归丸中地附桂，山药茱萸菟丝归，杜仲鹿胶枸杞子，益火之源此方魁。 

          十二、    安神剂： 

           1、  重镇安神 

                  朱砂安神丸： 

                  朱砂安神东垣方，归连甘草合地黄，怔忡不寐心烦乱，养阴清热可复康。 

                  珍珠母丸： 

                  珍珠母丸参地归，犀沉龙齿柏茯神，更加酸枣宁神志，镇心平肝此方推。 

                  磁朱丸： 

                  磁朱丸中有神曲：安神潜阳又明日，心悸失眠皆可治，癫狂痫证亦宜服。 

              2、  滋养安神 

                  酸枣仁汤： 

                  酸枣仁汤治失眠，川芎知草茯苓煎，养血除烦清虚热，安然入睡梦乡甜。 

                  天王补心丹； 

                  补心丹用柏枣仁，二冬生地及归身，三参桔梗朱砂味，远志茯苓共养神。 

                  甘麦大枣汤； 

                  甘草小麦大枣汤，妇人脏躁性反常，精神恍惚悲欲哭，和肝滋脾自然康。