
Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?
1.一般过去时:表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。(表示过去发生而现在已经结束的动作或状态,不强调动作对现在的影响,只说明过去的事情,常和 a moment ago,last year,yesterday,at that time,in the past等表示过去的时间状语连用。)形式用动词的过去式表示;除be动词外,其他动词没有人称和数的变化,be动词除第一,第三人称单数用was外,其他时候都用were。
如:She was a little girl at that time. I had a word with Julia this morning.
今天早晨我跟朱莉娅说了几句话。
2.something,anything,nothing,somebody,anyone等都是复合不定代词。形容词修饰复合不定代词时,放在复合不定代词后面。
3.seem “似乎;好像”,为系动词,常见用法如下:主语+seem+(to be+)表语,说明主语的特征或状态。如:Tom seems (to be )a very clever boy. 主语+seem +不定式,seem与不定式一起构成谓语。如:Mrs Green doesn’t seem /seems not to like the idea. It seems /seemed +that 从句,其中it 是形式主语,that引导主语从句。
4.decide“决定”既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词。作及物动词时,后面常接名词,动词不定式,特殊疑问词+动词不定式或宾语从句。如:
I can’t decide the date of the meeting.
We decided to go there.
They can’t decide whom to invite.
We decided that we would not go to the party tonight. 作不及物动词时,常与介词on或upon连用,后接名词。如:She decided on the red shoes.
她决定买这双红色的鞋了。
5.try 作动词意为“尝试”作名词具体用法如下:try to do sth.尽力/努力去做某事(事还未做)如:He tries to catch the early bus every day.他每天尽力去赶上早班车。try doing sth.试着做某事(正在做)如:I try
singing a new song.
6.because和because of,because作连词引导原因状语从句或作why 开头的问句的答语,后跟句子;如:He is absent today because he is ill. because of 为介词短语,后接名词,名词短语或代词等 如:He stayed in hospital because of his illness.
7.enough既可作形容词,也可作副词,用法如下:
作形容词,“足够的;充分的”修饰名词放在前后均可。
作副词,“十分地;充分地”放在被修饰动词,形容词或副词之后。
8.few,a few与little,a little
few 和a few 修饰可数名词复数,few表否定,a few 表肯定;little和a little 修饰不可数名词,little表否定,a little 表肯定。
如:He has few friends.
Please wait for a few minutes.
He knows little English.
There is a little milk in the bottle.
Unit 2 How often do you exercise?
1.频度副词:是表示某事发生频率的副词,表示某事在一段时间内所发生的次数。它们一般放在行为动词之前,be动词,助动词及情态动词之后。always的频率是100%,usually的频率是70%左右,often的频率是50%左右,sometimes的频率是20%左右,hardly的频率是5%左右,never的频率为0。
2.sport与exercise,sport 主要指户外运动或野外运动,也指各种游戏活动,作可数名词;exercise一般指为发展智力和体力而设计的练习。
如:Sports make the body strong. The exercise of memory is very important.
3.how long,how often,how far与how soon
how often “多长时间一次”;How often do you play basketball?Every day.
how long “多久;多长”;对某一动作持续的时间或某一物体的长度进行提问; How long do you do your homework? Two hours.
how far 对距离提问; How far is it from your home to the shop? It’s about 3 kilometers.
how soon “多久以后”; How soon will your father come back?In five days.
4.be good at,be good for与be good to
be good at “擅长;善于”后接名词,代词或动名词,同义词组为do well in。如:Lucy is good at drawing,while Lily is good at singing.
=Lucy does well in drawing,while Lily does well in singing.
be good for “对...有好处”,后接表示人或物的名词,反义词组为be bad for 。Eating more fruit is good for your health.
be good to “对...好”,后面一般接表示人的名词。
Our English teacher is very good to us.
5.help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
help oneself to sth/help sb to sth 为某人自己/某人取用(食物等)
can’t help doing sth 情不自禁地做某事
help sb in doing sth 在某事上帮助某人
help sb with sth 在某事上帮助某人
6.none与no one:none“没有一个”,既指人也指物常和介词of 连用;no one “没有人”只指人,通常不和of 连用。
Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister.
1.比较级就是指两个人或事物之间的比较。可以是形容词或副词。
比较级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
规则变化: 一般在词尾加—er;以e结尾的词,在词尾直接加—r;辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词变“y”为”“i”再加-er;重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写该辅音字母,再加—er。
多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加more。eg:outgoing—— more outgoing
常见用法:比较级+than eg::You are taller than me.
可修饰比较级的词有:a bit ,a little,rather,much,far,a lot,a great deal,still,even等。
old 有两种比较级形式:older和elder,elder只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。Eg:My elder brother is an engineer.
far 有两种比较级形式:farther和further,farther侧重距离更远,further侧重程度更进一步。
2.as...as 意为“和...一样...”否定形式not so...as...或not as...as....
as many/few+可数名词复数+as描述数量的接近;as much/little+不可数名词+as描述量的相近。
3.win与beat 都可作及物动词 ; win宾语是比赛,战争,奖品,金钱等名词,即race,match,game,war, prize;beat宾语则是比赛,竞争对手,即指人或球队的名词或代词。
4.make sb do sth see,watch,look at(三眼);hear,listen to(两耳)feel(感觉);以及let,have,make三个使役动词后跟省略to的不定式作宾语补 足语。
5.both与all both指“两者都...”反义词neither “两者都不”
all指三者或三者以上都 反义词none “三者或三者以上都不”
6.laugh与smile 都表示笑,可作名词或动词,但含义不同:laugh指出声地笑,既有声音,又有表情;smile 表示(无声地)微笑,指面部表情。
eg:Tom has a happy smile on his face.
His joke made everybody laugh.
7.aloud,loudly与loud
aloud副词 出声能让人听见,修饰cry,shout,call时有“大声地”意思
loud 作形容词或副词。常与speak,talk,laugh连用,多用于比较级,放在动词之后。
eg: Suddenly we heard a loud shout.
She told us to speak a little louder.
loudly 副词与loud 有时可替换使用,有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,位于动词之前或之后。
eg: He does not talk or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。
Someone knocked loudly at the door.有声地敲门。
