
Writing Task 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The diagram below shows the process for recycling plastic bottles.
| Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. |
The above diagram illustrates the recycling procedures of plastic bottles from the selection of used bottles to the making of new ones.
As can be seen from the diagram, the selecting of wasted plastic bottles is very complex. It goes through three steps: firstly, it is sieved so as to be separated from all the other rubbish or substances. Then, it is optically sorted, after which, the bottles will be manually checked in order to guarantee that no other substance is left in the plastic raw material.
After the careful selecting system, the chosen bottles will be grinded into pieces, and later been washed in hot water. When the plastic slices are thoroughly washed, they would be decontaminated in special equipments. Only after being decontaminated can the plastic be reused to make new plastic goods again.
The final step is to melt the washed and decontaminated plastic pieces, and make new bottles, without leaving any hint of being recycled.
Writing Task 2
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
In the future all cars, buses and trucks will be driverless. The only people travelling inside these vehicles will be passengers.
| Do you think the advantages of driverless vehicles outweigh the disadvantages? |
Write at least 250 words.
参考范文1:
In the era of extensive research on driverless technology, people have more or less understanding of unmanned driving. Currently, the driverless vehicles are being put into trial in China, and some achievements have been made on the prescribed roads. It seems to me that although there is no question that self-driving vehicles could be an enormous benefit, the demerits of the application of driverless overshadow its merits at present.
First of all, the use of driverless cars may exert several social problems. On the one hand, the popularity of autopilot will inevitably make professional drivers lose their jobs by driving business vehicles. It is because that a self driving lorry without faults can operate continuously and ensure safety for 24 hours,by which I mean it can produce multiple benefits that human driving is hard to achieve. On the other hand, driverless has also greatly increased car ownership. In other words, according to the characteristics of autopilot, some people who do not have the driving ability may also have this kind of transportation. The number of cars will increase substantially, but this is not always a good thing,which may bring some other problems, such as parking spaces will become more intense.
Second, the popularity of driverless also has great potential risks. Autopilot is more like a robot, which is controlled by established procedures and AI chips. For all automated systems, there is always a risk of hacking or crashing because of faults or bug,by which I mean if hackers can enter the vehicle system, and the car may be controlled to do anything. Moreover, after the accident, it is difficult for us to determine the responsible party of the accident, so that the victims cannot get due compensation.
There is no denying that driverless applications can save lives. According to statistics, 90% of the road traffic accidents are caused by human errors, including the proportion of distraction, fatigue, drunk driving and speeding. A total of 1 million 300 thousand people are killed every year in the world, with 60 thousand people in China alone, but the self driving vehicle will eliminate all the accidents caused by human error factors, which will greatly reduce the incidence of accidents. However, all this needs to be built on the basis of the technology improvement of the driverless car itself and its supporting system equipment, such as cameras, navigation, etc., otherwise, driverless driving will bring disaster to people.
In conclusion, at present, unmanned driving technology is still more drawbacks than benefits,but if the government and related technology research and development can make further efforts, we believe that this technology can be effectively applied in the future. After all, unmanned driving is the first step for human beings to move towards the AI era.
参考范文2:
There have been fierce arguments over the possible impact of driverless transport systems upon people. Much as the dispute in favor of the disadvantages of this development is legitimate, I believe they are still outweighed by the advantages.
On the one hand, some certain drawbacks of driverless vehicles are undeniable. Firstly, the functioning programs can never be constructed as sophisticated as human brains. In emergent situations in which immediate reaction is needed, experienced drivers can make the wise decision as soon as possible, while computers may be overloaded with too much information to figure out the next reasonable step. In the future time, daily performances of artificial intelligence that handle the consoles of vehicles always go along with an enormous amount of stress from congestion and accidence, hence the higher demand for complicated system update and maintenance. Secondly, it may also cause serious social problems as thousands of drivers lost their jobs and needed retraining to another occupation.
On the other hand, I would argue that the development of driverless vehicles presents more advantages. Computer applications are equipped with good driving habits since they were ‘born’, and thus bad driving habits like driving while tired or drunk, and playing mobile phones while driving, are eliminated from the roots. In this way, driverless routines alleviate the burden of governments to promote road safety by correcting bad driving habits. More significantly, with a well-developed transport system, much time and resources can be saved to promote a more efficient economy and city life. Much labor will free from monotonous driving and concentrate on their work or communication with family members and friends. Especially the planned and unanimous of routine for vehicles are likely to solve the traffic problems in the town area.
In conclusion, although the concern about the reliable response of machines and the possible unemployment of people, I still think that the benefits are more significant.
