
例词
absorb吸收 accuse指责 add加 admire羡慕 admit承认
affect影响 afford担负 airmail 航空邮件 allow允许 appoint认命
annoy使生气 arrange安排 ask问 attend参加 announce宣布
avoid避免 await等待 approach接近 awake唤醒 assure使放心
astonish使惊讶 attempt企图 believe相信 betray背叛 borrow借
bother打扰 break破坏 broadcast广播 bring带来 brush刷
burn燃烧 bury埋 buy买 call叫 carry携带
catch抓住 cause导致 change改变 charge主管 choose选择
claim声明 clean使清洁 clear清除 collect收集 compete完成
comfort安慰 comb梳 cut切 confess忏悔 contain含有
control控制 cross越过 correct纠正 cook煮,烹 consider考虑
concern与……有关系;涉及 cover掩盖 cure治愈
要点解释
在英语学习中,必须掌握同义词、易混词、相似词及相近短语之间的区别,搞清英语和汉语之间的差别。词语辨析,尤其是动词词语辨析正成为高职考试的热点。
1.accept与receive
释义:两个词都有“收到、接到”的意思,如收到信件、邀请、礼物等。receive指“收、接”的动作,变成客观事实;accept是“接受、领受”的意思,表示当人主观“乐意”接受的态度。receive还可以表示“接见、接待”,accept则没有这种意义。
例句:I received /got a birthday present yesterday, but I didn’t accept it.
我昨天收到一份生日礼物,但我没有接受。
He isn’t well enough to receive visitors yet.
他的身体状况还是不能接见来宾。
2. beat, defeat与win
释义:三个词都能表示“战胜”。beat,defeat表示战胜对手,宾语可以是人、队;win表示“赢得”,如比赛、战争、名次、奖品,宾语是物。
例句:We beat them by the score of 5 to 3.
我们以5:3战胜了他们
He was defeated at chess.
他下棋下输了。
John won the first prize in the swimming race.
在游泳比赛中约翰夺得了第一名。
3. borrow与lend
释义:两个词都有“借”的意思,borrow是“借进”,表示“向(从)……借”,可以和from连用;lend是“借出”,表示“借给……”,可以和to连用。
例句:He borrowed a ruler from me.
他向我借了一把尺子。
——Will you lend them the book? ——你会把书借给他们吗?
——I have lent it to them ——我已经借给他们了。
4. bring, fetch与take
释义:三个词都表示“拿”。bring表示从别处“拿来,带来”,指“单程”动作;fetch表示“去拿来”,指往返“双程”动作;take表示“拿走、带走、拿着”。
例句:Bring me some apples, please.
请给我拿些苹果来。
He goes to fetch his son from the kindergarten after work every afternoon.
他每天下午下班后去幼儿园接儿子。
The couple will take their daughter to the art gallery.
夫妻俩要带女儿去美术馆。
5.cost,pay,spend与take
释义:这四个词都表示“花费”。cost的主语必须是物、事,表示“费用、耗费”,后
面接名词,代词等,侧重于花费的价格。pay的基本意思是“支付”,作为及物动词,宾语可以是人或钱。spend的主语必须是人,宾语可以是钱、精力、时间等,spend后面可用on+名词,或in+动词ing形式。take表示花费时间,常用于句型:It takes (sb.)+一段时间+to do sth.
例句:The new cooker cost him twenty yuan.
他用二十块钱买了新锅。
He spends much money on books. 或 He spends much money in buying books.
他平时将很多钱用在买书上。
He paid the taxi and hurried to the station,
他付了出租车钱,急忙向车站赶去。
It took him ages to find a present for Dad.
他给父亲找生日礼物用了很长时间。
6.divide 与 separate
释义:这两个词都表示“分开”。divide表示“分,划分,除以”,指把一个整体分成若干部分;separate 表示“分离、分开、离别”的意思,指把原来连在一起的东西分离出来,或将靠近、相邻的事物分隔开来,或将靠近、相邻的事物分隔开来。
例句:Mother divided the birthday cake among us.
妈妈把生日蛋糕分给我们。
Nine divided by three is three.
9除以3等于3.
Please separate the good pears from the bad ones.
请把好的梨和坏的梨分开。
7.explain,advise 与suggest
释义:advise和suggest都可作“建议、提议”解。explain意思是“解释、说明”,指把对方不知道、不理解的事,以易懂的方式加以说明,使其清楚;动词搭配是explain sth. to sb.(向某人解释某事)。suggest表示“建议”,指提出试探性的、不是非接受不可的建议;动词搭配是suggest sb. doing sth. advise表示“建议”时,指经调查研究、深思熟虑后,礼貌地提出解决问题的建议;动词搭配是advise sb. to do sth. 注意suggest与advise后接that引导的宾语从句时,要使用虚拟语气,即…suggest\\advise that sb, (should) do…;而explain后接宾语从句时则不用虚拟语气。
例句:He expained the system to me.
他向我解释这个系统。
He advised me to study physics, but I thought is was too difficult.
他建议我学校物理,但我觉得物理太难了。
We suggested him holding a meeting to discuss the question.
我们建议他召开一次会议讨论这个问题。
I advised him that he(should) wait.
我劝他应当等一等。
He suggested that I (should) visit a class.
他建议我去听课。
She explained that she had been ill.
她解释说她生病了。
8.fit 与suit
释义:fit和suit意思是“合适”,fit可指大小、型号等适合,也可指胜任;suit则着重指颜色、款式方面的合适、适宜。
例句:This pair of shoes fit perfectly. I will take this pair.
这双鞋大小刚好,我就买这双。
That colour doesn’t suit him.
那颜色与他不配。(即他不合适那种颜色。)
9. hurt,injure,damage与wound
释义:hurt,injure,damage和wound四个词都表示“损坏、伤害”。injure,hurt通常指意外事故对人身体健康造成的损害、伤害,如地震、车祸等;hurt还有“疼痛”的意味,指肉体上或感情上的创伤。damage多指损害事物的功能、价值,损害的对象多为物,没有damage someone用法。wound 表示“使受伤”,主要指在战争、格斗中受的伤、刀伤,常用搭配:wound sb. in the +身体部位……
例句:He injured\\hurt his left leg in a car accident.
在一次车祸中他的左腿受伤了。
No one was hurt in the car crash.
车祸中没有人受伤。
My stomach hurts a lot.
我的胃很疼。
China damages easily.
瓷器容易受损。
Smoking can damage your health.
吸烟危害健康。
The thief wounded her in the arm with his kinfe.
小偷用刀子扎伤了她的手臂。
自我检测
1. I’m sorry that I can’t your invitation.
A. agree B. accept C. receive D. take
2. The soldier was badly in the battle and died the following day.
A. hurt B. damaged C. Killed D. injured
3. Be sure to your wife along to our party tomorrow evening, Jack.
A. take B. fetch C. send D.bring
4. He is said to have a doctor’s degree already.
A. received B. won C. to have D. accepted
5. He’ll why he doesn’t believe your story.
A. tell B.suggest C. advise D. explain
6. I him to stop smoking, but he didn’t think it necessary.
A. hoped B. advised C. said D. agreed
7. The dress , but it doesn’t suit me.
A. fits B.suits C. fit D. suited
8. ——It’s going to rain, Please a raincoat with you when you leave.
——All right.
A. bring B. take C. get D. buy
9. My shoes are a little too small; the _______me a bit.
A. suit B. wound C. damage D. hurt
10. I ______CD player _______ Dave and I haven’t got it back yet.
A. borrowed, to B. lent, to C. lent, from D. borrowed, from
11. After spending quite a long time at the store, she finally decided to _____the blue skirt.
A. fetch B. get C. bring D. take
12. When did they _____ last night?
A. divided B. were divided C. separate D. separated
13. He _____ 600 yuan a month for piano lessons. I think it was reasonable.
A. paid B. offered C. spent D. cost
14. Forty people were killed and many more people were.______ in the storm.
A. wounded B. hurt C. injured D. injuries
15. Have you ______ the papers here? I want to ______them to London.
A. fetched, carry B. carried, take C. brought, take D. taken, bring
16. I’m sure the red team will_____ the game over the blue team.
A. win B. beat C. defeat D. succeed
17. In the basketball game, Class Three______
A. beat B, was beaten C. win D. was won
18. The repairing of the old car _______ him much money and time.
A. cost B. took C. needed D. wasted
19. Our country is ______ into 31 provinces. Taiwan is _____from the mainland by Taiwan Straits.
A. divided, separated B. separated, divided
C. divided, divided D . separated, separated
20. How much did you _____ each of these pictures?
A. spend B. cost C. pay for D. take
1---5 BDAAD 6---10 BABDB 11---15 DCACC 16---20 ABAAC
