（一）介词的含义：
介词是一种虚词，是英语中最活跃的词类之一，主要用来表示时间、地点、目的、原因、程度和方式等。在句子中不能单独作任何成分。
（二）介词的分类
1. 简单介词。例如：
in, from, about, at, over, on, under, past
2. 复合介词。例如：
without, onto, outside, within, into; inside
3. 短语介词。例如：
because of, in front of, instead of
（三）常见介词的用法
1. 表示时间的介词的用法：
1）表示“在何时”常用介词at, in, on。
（1）at 一般用来表示在某一具体的时间点。例如：
at seven 在七点钟
at the age of 在……岁时
at the beginning of 在……的开始
（2）in 表示年、季节、月、周、上午、下午、晚上等。
in 2012 在2012年
in summer 在夏天
in October 在10月
in a week/ in two weeks 在一周之内，在两周之内
in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早上/ 下午/ 晚上
（3）用来表示具体的某一天，如果专指某一天的上午、下午、晚上，要用on 例如：
on Sunday 在星期日
on Sunday morning 在星期日的早上
on the morning of June 1st 在6月1日的早上
on a cold winter night 在一个寒冷的冬夜
状元典例1
( )1.The earthquake which happened in Yushu ______ 14th April, 2010 was a big disaster.
A. at B. on C. in D. to
( )2.The car accident happened ______ a cold winter morning. Luckily, no one was hurt.
A. in B. on C. at D. of
( )3.The famous writer William Shakespeare was born ______15.
A. in B. on C. at D. of
2）表示“在……期间”，常用介词during, from…to…。
（1）during “在……期间”。例如：
during the summer holiday 在暑假期间
during the night 在夜间
（2）from …to…表示“从……到……”例如：
from Monday to Friday 从周一到周五
from 7 o’clock to 9 o’clock 从7点到9点
3）其他表示时间的介词，例如：before, after, since, for, until, by, past, to。
（1）before & after
| 词义 | 用法 | |
| before | 在……之前 | before +时间点 |
| after | 在……之后 | after +时间点 |
I’ll be free before 7 o’clock tomorrow. 我明天7点前会有空。
（2）since & for
| 词义 | 用法 | |
| since | 自从…… | since+点时间/动作初始的句子 |
| 用于现在完成时 | ||
| for | 达，计…… | for + 段时间 |
| 通常用于现在完成时 |
We have known each other since I was a little boy.
They have lived here for ten years.
(3)until (till)“直到……”，常用not…until…“直到……才……”，until后接点时间。
He will wait for me until 11 o’clock.
They didn’t stop until midnight.
（4）by “到……前；截止到……”，常用于完成时。
He has finished his homework by 5 o’clock yesterday afternoon.
We had learned eight hundred words by the end of last week.
状元典例
It’s said he stayed there quietly _____ two o’clock that afternoon.
A. on B. at C. until D. by
（5）past & to
| past | 表示超过某一时刻 |
| to | 表示几点差几分 |
ten past two 2:10
ten to two 1:50
注意：
在this, that, last, next, every等词前不加介词。例如：
last night 昨天晚上
this morning 今天早上
2. 表示地点，方位的介词的用法
1）in & at “在……”
| in | in +大地点 |
| at | at+小地点 |
in Shanghai 在上海
in the south 在南方
at the gate 在大门口
at the end of the road 在路的尽头
2）on, over & above “在……上”
| on | “在……上面” | 与物体表面有接触 |
| over | “在……正上方” | 垂直于正上方，表示“跨 越，覆盖” |
| above | “在……上方” | 在某物上方，位置高于某 物 |
The lamp is over the table. 灯在桌子的正上方。
The heaven is above us.苍天在上。
3) under & below “在……下方”
| under | “在……下方” | 表示正下方 |
| below | “在……下面” “低于……” | 与above意思相反 |
The temperature will stay above zero in the day-time, but at night it will fall below zero again.
白天的气温在零度以上，但是到了晚上气温会降到零度以下。
4) before, in front of & in the front of “在……前”
| 词义 | 用法 | 图示 | |
| before | 在……前面 | （1）当指空间位置时，与in front of的含义相同。 （2）多与抽象概念连用；表示顺序在前。 | 无 |
| Infront of | 在……前面 | 指一个物体在另一个物体的前方。 | A is in front of B. |
| in the front of | 在……前部 | 指一个物体包含在另一个物体的内部的前方。 | A is in the front of B. |
There is a big tree in front of the classroom.
There is a desk in the front of the classroom.
教室的前部有一张桌子。（桌子包含在教室里）
状元典例
—Why are you standing there, Maggie?
—I can’t see the blackboard clearly. Two tall boys are sitting ______ me.
A. behind B. in front of C. beside D. next to
5)between, among & in the middle of
| 词义 | 用法 | |
| between | “在……之间” | 常指“两者之间”。 |
| among | “在……中间” | 指“三者或三者以上”的同类事物之间。 |
| in the middle of | “在……中间” | 强调在一处地方的中心或中心附近的位置 |
I couldn’t find him among the crowd. 我在人群中找不到他。
There is a big sofa in the middle of the house. 在房子的中间有一张大沙发。
7) near, by, beside & around
| near | “在……附近”（有一定的距离） |
| by | “在……旁”（相对距离较近） |
| beside | “在……旁边” |
| around | “在……周围” |
孩子们正在河边玩耍。（暗指孩子们与河有一定的距离）
He is fishing by the river.他正在河边钓鱼。（强调他与河距离很近）
He sat in the chair beside the door.他坐在门边的一张椅子上。
The children gathered around the teacher.孩子们围在老师的身边。
8) outside & inside
| outside | “在……外面” |
| inside | “在……里面” |
There is something inside the box.
3. 表示方位的介词的用法
1) in, on & to
Beijing lies in the north of China.
北京位于中国的北部。（北京包含在中国之内）
Russia is on the north of China.
俄罗斯在中国的北面。（俄罗斯不包含在中国之内，但与中国接壤）
Japan is to the east of China.
日本在中国的东面。（日本不包含在中国之内）
状元典例1
1.People ______ the southwest of China were in great need of water a couple of months ago.
A. in B. at
C. to D. on
2.The school gate is ______ the north of the classroom building.
A. in B. to C. on D. at
2) across, over ,through & past “穿过”
| 词义 | 用法 | |
| across | “穿过” | 强调从物体表面的这一边到另 一边 |
| through | “穿过，通过” | 强调从物体内部穿过；从长形物 体的一头到另一头 |
| over | “越过” | 强调从人或事物的上空经过，过 |
| past | “经过” | 指从某物旁边经过 |
如果你看见绿灯亮了，你可以穿过街道。
The train ran through the tunnel. 火车穿过隧道。
I can jump over the fence. 我能跳过那座围墙。
We walked past the hospital. 我们从医院旁边经过。
状元典例
It’s dangerous to run _______the busy road.
A．across B. along C. through D. past
3) out of & into
| out of | 表示“从里到外，从……出来”，有动感。 |
| into | 表示“从外到里，进入……”，有动感。 |
She poured some water into the glass.
4. 表示“方式，方法，手段”的介词的用法。
| 词义 | 用法 | |
| in | “用……” | 表示用某种方式、材料、途径、语言、衣着。 |
| with | “带着，伴随” | 后接具体的工具、手段、材料或其他行为的方式。 |
| by | “用……，乘坐……” | 表示用某种方式、手段、途径等；表示乘坐某种交通工具，二者间不加冠词。 |
He likes writing letters in English. 他喜欢用英语写信。
He likes writing with a pen.=He likes writing in ink. 他喜欢用钢笔写东西。
The girl in red is my best friend. 穿红色衣服的那个女孩是我最好的朋友。
状元典例1
( )1.—Would you like some coffee?
—Yes, and please get me some milk. I prefer coffee ______ milk.
A. with B. to C. of D. on
( )2.We shouldn’t go to school _______ breakfast. It’s bad for our health.
A. with B. after C. without D. by
( )3.Lin Lin often practices English ______chatting with her American friend.
A. in B. by C. for D. with
二、难点聚焦
1. 表示“关于”的介词。
| 词义 | 用法 | |
| on | “关于” | 侧重论述，多用于较重大的、涉及较深广的诸如国 际形势、政治、理论、学术报告、专著等方面的问 题。 |
| about | “关于” | 侧重于叙事，多用于个人事迹、故事内容、一般的书籍、文 章等较浅显的问题。 |
He told some stories about this city.
2. 表示“数量”的介词。
| about | “大约……” |
| over | “超过……，在……以上”,相当于“more than” |
| around | “大约……” |
My grandmother is over 70 years old.我的奶奶70多岁了。
It’s around 3 o’clock.现在大约3点。
3. 表示“除了……以外”的介词。
| 词义 | 词用 | |
| except | “除……以外”、 “除去” | 表示同类事物之间的关系。 |
| except for | “除了……以外”， “如果不是”， “若非” | 表示对主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定。 它不表示同类事物之间的关系。 |
| besides | “除了……以外（还有）”， | 所指事物包括在叙述范围之内。 |
| but | “除了……之外” | 多与nobody, none, no one, nothing, anything, everyone, all, who 等连用。 |
除了安之外，我们都去游泳了。（安没去）
Besides Ann, we all went swimming.
Your composition is good except for some spelling mistakes.
No one but Peter went there.除了彼得没有一个人去那里。
4. 表示“代替”的介词。
| 词义 | 词性 | 用法 | |
| instead | “代替” | 副词 | 放在句首或句尾。 |
| instead of | “代替” | 介词短语 | 后接名词、动名词或宾格。 |
汤姆没有回答他父亲，反而问他的父亲。
He will go instead of you.他将代替你去。
三、状元笔记
1. in 后接过去的时间点表过去，若后接一段时间，则表示“在……时间之后”
I was born in 1983.我出生于1983年。
My father will come back in three days.我爸爸将在3天后回来。
状元典例
The plane will take off ______ three hours. I must get to the airport right now.
A. in B. for C. on D. at
2. 表示“标准或单位”的介词：at, for, by
(1)at表示“以……的速度”“以……的价格”
He drove at a speed of 80 miles an hour.他以每小时80英里的速度行驶。
I sold my car at a high price.我以高价出售了我的汽车。
（2）for用……交换
I bought it for 20 dollars.
How much for these apples?
They paid him by the month
他们按月给他计酬
3. 表示“材料”的介词：of, from
(1) of表示从成品仍可看出原料。
This box is made of paper.这个盒子是纸做的。
This salad is made of apples and strawberries. 这种沙拉是由苹果和草莓做的。
(2) from表示从成品已看不出原料。
Bread is made from wheat.面包是小麦做的。
The lifeboat is made from some special material. 这艘救生艇是由某种特殊材料制成的。
4. 介词的固定搭配
介词往往同其他词类构成固定搭配。记住这种固定搭配，才能正确使用介词。
（1）介词与动词的搭配
listen to , laugh at, get to, look for, wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend…on…等。
状语典例
Remember to spend some time ____your loved ones, because they’re not going to be
around forever.
A. from B. with C. in D. on
（2）介词与名词的搭配
on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on one’s way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。
（3）介词与形容词的搭配
be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。
状元典例1
( ) 1.—I think drinking milk every morning is good ______ our health.
—Yes. I agree ______ you.
A. to; to B. with; to C. at; with D. for; with
( ) 2.Mr. Yang’s daughter is pretty good ______ drawing pictures and won many prizes.
A. with B. for C. in D. at
（4）介词在句型里的固定用法
状元典例1
( )1.Now it’s quite important _____ us to make full use of time.
A. for B. to C. of D. with
( )2.It’s nice _____ you to get the ticket _____ F1. It’s said the car-race is very exciting.
A. of, for B. for, for C. of, of D. for, of
课堂练习一：
( )1. —When did the Olympic Torch Relay start in Fujian?
—______ May 11th, 2008.
A. In B. At C. On D. From
( )2. I go to school ______ 8 o’clock in the morning.
A. at B. in C. on D. for
( )3. Betty arrived in London ______ the morning of May 25th.
A. on B. at C. in D. for
( )4. The fastest way to travel to Shanghai is ______air.
A. in B. by C. on D. with
( )5. —When will the party be held?
—______ two weeks’ time, _____ 15th July.
A. In; on B. In; in C. On; on D. At; on
( )6. Let’s play table tennis ______Tuesday morning, shall we?
A. on B. in C. to D. at
( )7. —What time do you usually get up on weekends?
—______ around eight.
A. At B. On C. In D. For
( )8. If you get on well ____your classmates, you’ll enjoy your school life more.
A. to B. at C. with D. in
( )9. Liu Xiang came third ______ the 110-meter-hurdle race last month in Shanghai.
A. in B. from C. across D. through
( )10. Li Yan is my best friend. She comes ______ a small village.
A. on B. with C. of D. from
课堂练习二：
一、单选
( )1. Mr. Smith came to China _____ 1986. He has lived here for more than 20 years.
A. on B. in C. at D. for
( )2. — When do you usually go to the tennis club?
—______ Sundays.
A. To B. At C. In D. On
( )3. —When did Mr White leave for England?
—_____ July 21st, 1990.
A. On B. In C. At D. For
( )4. Tom is a good student. He often gets to school early _______the morning.
A. in B. on C. at D. of
( )5. —How long have you studied here?
—______ two years. I’m used to the life here.
A. For B. Since C. In D. By
( )6. The kids are going to have a party _____Children’s Day.
A. in B. on C. at D. of
( )7. —When did you leave home this morning?
—______ half past seven.
A. At B. On C. In D. To
( )8. —Where is Shanghai?
—It is ______ the east of China.
A. in B. to C. on D. at
( )9. —How did you go to the park yesterday?
—______ bike.
A. By B. At C. Of D. In
( )10. —What’s that ______ English, do you know?
—Football.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
( )11. My uncle is coming to Beijing ______the morning of May 15.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
( )12. I usually do some cleaning ______ Sunday morning.
A. in B. at
C. on D. to
( )13. We had a wonderful party ______the park last night.
A. to B. in C. of D. on
( )14. Shanghai will host the World Expo_____ May.
A. in B. on C. to D. at
( )15. — Where is the library?
— It’s ______ the 2nd floor.
A. at B. for C. on D. in
( )16. It’s bad manners to laugh _____ others when they are in trouble.
A. at B. on C. in D. to
( )17. When it rains, I go to school ______ bus instead of on foot.
A. on B. C. by D. at
( )18. Father’s Day will come ______ June 20th this year.
A. on B. at C. in D. to
( )19. Linda is my classmate. She came to Beijing with her parents _______ 1990.
A. in B. at C. on D. for
( )20.I usually get up ______eight o’clock on weekends.
A. at B. on C. in D. to
二、填空
1. —It’s very important ______ us to make a plan before a new term.
—Yes. You must try to make it carefully.
2. —When did the Shanghai Expo open?
—_______May 1st, 2010.
3. There is a picture ______ my family on the wall.
4. He sent the news to me _____e-mail.
5. He stopped the ball _____his right foot.
6. We got to the top of the mountain_____ day break.
7. We visited the old man _____Sunday afternoon.
8. He went to New York to find a job _____sixteen.
9. _____the end of next week. I will have finished this work.
10. There is a colour TV set _____the corner of the hall.
课后作业：
单项填空：
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（ ）1. My hometown is Nanjing and it is city with many places of interest.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
（ ）2. —I forgot to bring a pen. Would you please lend me ?
—OK. Here you are.
A. it B. that C. one D. this
（ ）3. —The earthquake which happened in Japan 11th of March 2011 was a big disaster.
—Yeah, I agree.
A. at B. on C. in D. to
（ ）4. — do you go to see your grandparents?
—Once a month.
A. How long B. How soon C. How many D. How often
（ ）5. —Would you like to go to the concert with me?
—I’d love to, ______ I’m afraid I have no time.
A. so B. or C. and D. but
（ ）6. Alice ______ watches the TV news, so she knows little about the world.
A. seldom B. usually C. sometimes D. always
（ ）7. —It took my father over ten hours to fly to London.
—Wow, way it is!
A. what long B. how long C. what a long D. how a long
（ ）8. —Have you decided where to spend your summer holiday?
—Not yet. We go to Qingdao.
A. must B. may C. would D. should
（ ）9. —Do you often watch Man and Nature on TV?
—Sometimes. It’s an interesting program, but I Sports News.
A. prefer B. accept C. dislike D. refuse
（ ）10. —How did the accident happen?
—You know, it was difficult to see the road clearly because it .
A. is raining B. rains C. was raining D. has rained
（ ）11. —Tommy, do you know if Frank the Zijin Mountian with us if it is fine?
—Sorry, I’ve no idea.
A. climbs B. will climb C. would climb D. is climbing
（ ）12. —There’s too much salt in today’s food.
—Yes. Only 1.5 grams of salt for each man every day.
A. are needed B. need C. will need D. have needed
（ ）13. Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me ?
A. where is the nearest bank B. where was the nearest bank
C. where the nearest bank is D. where the nearest bank was
（ ）14. —Would you mind my using your dictionary?
— .
A. Yes, please B. Of course not C. You are welcome D. My pleasure
（ ）15. —Dad, I got a high mark in the exam.
— !
A. Don’t be so happy B. Good luck C. All right D. Well done
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