英语专业四级考试必考语法8-不定式

练习答案

Assignment

⏹____ in Beijing for quite a few years, Mr. Park had little difficulty___ spoken Chinese.

A. Living, to understand

B. To live, understanding

C. Having lived, to understand

D. Having lived, understanding

⏹Don‟t feel so lucky as to escape ___ because you have a very fast sports car.

A. to fine

B. be fined

C. being fined

D. fining

Assignment

⏹___ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.

A. When compared

B. While comparing

C. Compare

D. Comparing

⏹When he turned to the corner, he found himself ___ by a man in black.

A. tail

B. tails

C. tailing

D. tailed Assignment

⏹The old man came upstairs with great strength, his right hand ____ a stick for support.

A. held

B. holding

C. being holding

D. was holding

⏹“How did the group improve its discussion?”“They all took part, each member___

the responsibility of leading one meeting.” A. has

B. has had

C. having

D. to have Assignment

⏹They have earned a lot of money these years & they are even considering ___ a car.

A. to buy

B. as buying

C. of buying

D.

buying

⏹The decision ___, the next problem was how to make a good plan.

A. having been made

B. having made

C. having been making

D. been

made

Assignment

⏹The old are not used ___ in such a cold climate.

A. to live

B. to living

C. of living

D.

having lived

⏹If ____ successfully, the plan will completely change the traffic conditions in the city.

A. carrying out

B. carry out

C. carried out

D. to

carry out

infinitive

不定式

不定式

⏹在句中可作除谓语以外的一切成份：主、表、宾、定、状、（主、宾）补语。

不定式作主语

⏹To say something is one thing, to do it is another.

⏹It is not fair to blame them for the accident. （it 形式主语）

不定式作表语

⏹My suggestion is to carry out the plan immediately.

⏹The question is how to organize the work. （不定式的特殊结构，见后）

不定式作宾语⏹He offered to go with us.

⏹I don't know where to get the books.

（不定式的特殊结构，见后）

⏹常跟to do(不定式) 作宾语的v:

⏹afford, agree, arrange, ask, attempt, beg, care, choose, claim（声称）,dare, decide, decline

（谢绝）,desire, determine, fail, intend, learn, long, mean, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, seek, tend, undertake（承担）, volunteer.

不定式的特殊结构

⏹构成：疑问代词、副词及whether / if + to do

⏹常跟疑问代词、副词及whether / if + to do作宾语的v.有

⏹ask, consider, decide, discover, discuss, explain, find out, inquire, forget, know, learn,

remember, show（演示）,tell, think, understand, wonder.

Examples

⏹I still don‟t know whom to turn to for help.

⏹They are trying to find out how to solve the problem.

⏹Show me where to put the books.

⏹They haven‟t decide d yet (as to) whether to accept our offer of help.

⏹如果不定式作宾语又跟有补语，通常要用“it”作形式宾语，而将不定式放到补语后面去。

⏹eg. 他们发现提前做好一切准备是不可能的。

⏹They found it impossible to get everything ready in advance.

⏹I consider it my duty to point out their shortcomings.

作宾/ 主语补足语

⏹Mr. Smith wants his son to become a lawyer.

⏹The suspected man was seen to enter the building.

⏹跟不带“to”的不定式作宾补的v:

⏹see, hear, look at, listen to, feel, observe, watch, notice 等感官v 及let, make, have,

keep.

⏹The teacher makes us write a composition every week.. （被动语态中要加上“to”）

不定式的复合谓语结构

⏹复合谓语结构:（两个或多个部分构成复合谓语，如:He can do it）

⏹(1) be said (reported, known, believed, announced, claimed, stated,…) + to do

⏹=>It is said ... that …

⏹Beijing is known to have rich cultural heritage.

⏹(It is known that Beijing has ...)

⏹(2) seem（happen, appear, prove, tend）+ to do

⏹I happened to be out when she called.

⏹(3) be likely（certain, sure, willing, anxious, ready, bound, eager, reluctant) +to do

⏹They are likely to succeed.⏹She is always ready to help others.

不定式作定语

⏹通常为后置修饰语:（post-modifier）

⏹He used to have a lot of meetings to attend.

⏹There is nothing to worry about.

不定式作状语:目的状语

⏹He hurried through his work so as to（in order to）catch the train.

⏹They will go to the station to meet the guests.

⏹To survive the severe competition in the future society, one must have all-round abilities.

不定式作状语:结果状语

⏹She was so angry as to be unable to speak.

⏹I hurried to Prof. Wang's house only to find he was out.（常表示令人不快的结果）

不定式作状语:原因状语

⏹We are overjoyed to see you.

⏹I am happy to be here.

⏹I feel honored to give a speech here.

作插入语

⏹插入语（成份）

⏹To be fair, he has worked hard these days.

⏹We don't like his idea, to tell you the truth.

⏹He is not good at English, to say nothing of French. (let alone French)

逻辑主语(1) :

⏹用of +n./ pron 来表示逻辑主语:当“be + adj. + 逻辑主语+ to do”结构中的adj. 是

absurd, bold, brave, careful, careless, clever, cruel, foolish, honest, kind, nice, polite, rude, silly, thoughtful, considerate, wise, wrong, typical, naughty, selfish, generous等表示人的品行的词

Examples

⏹ 1. It is thoughtful of you to come to see me.

⏹ 2. I think it wrong of him not to accept our invitation.

⏹ 3. It is selfish of Tom not to lend his book to Mary.

⏹ 4. It is generous of you to help me with my work.

逻辑主语(2) :

⏹用for + n./ pron 表示逻辑主语:

⏹ 1. It is necessary for the goods to be packed in strong cases.

⏹ 2. I found it impossible for him to do the job alone.

⏹ 3. He gave me the phone number in order for me to contact him when we are in need of

help.（他给了我他的电话号码,以便我们需要帮助时与他联系.）

结构

⏹结构：（不定式的逻辑主语与句子主语不同）该结构在句中一般作说明情况的状语。

⏹The plan was that the contending parties should reach an early agreement on basic

principles, the details to be worked out later.

⏹(这个计划是让争执的双方先在基本原则上达成协议，细节以后再磋商。)

Another Example

⏹He proposed a picnic, he himself to pay the railway tickets, and John to provide the food.不带“to”的不定式

⏹使用不带“to”的不定式的几种句型

⏹(1) 口语中，以why开头的简单问句

⏹Why do it that way? 为什么用这种方法来做这事呢？

⏹Why not go out for a walk? 为什么不出去散散步呢？

⏹(2) 在had better, would rather... (than)..., would ... rather than, would sooner ... (than),

can not but..., can't help but..., may (might) as well... (不妨...)等习惯用法中Examples

⏹Since she is angry, we had better let her alone.

⏹Rather than beg in the street, he would prefer to die of hunger. (He would rather die of

hunger than beg in the street...)

⏹I couldn't help but wait for the next bus to come.

⏹(3) 在do nothing/anything/everything but (except) 结构中

⏹Last night I did nothing but watch TV.

⏹John will do anything but work on a farm.

⏹但谓语动词不是do时，but / except所跟的不定式仍须带“to”

⏹The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking.

⏹There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent.

⏹I have no choice/alternative/option but to give in to her power.

不定式的特殊用法

⏹一些固定结构中不定式的用法

⏹too ... to 表否定含义,而enough ... to ... 表肯定

⏹ a. It was too cold for us to go shopping.

⏹(= It was so cold that we couldn't...)

⏹ b. It was cold enough to freeze our fingers.

⏹但enough to 之前如有否定词，不定式也表否定含义

⏹The water isn't warm enough for us to go swimming.

⏹(=The water isn't warm enough so we can't...)

⏹(all too), only too等与不定式连用表示肯定意义

⏹He…s only too pleased to help us. 非常愿意/高兴帮助我们。

⏹I shall be only too pleased to come.

⏹too ready to 结构表肯定意义

⏹He's too ready to promise. 他太易于许诺。

⏹He's too ready to criticize others.

不定式的语态

⏹主动语态the last person to leave

⏹被动语态the person to be relied on

⏹当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者，用被动语态

⏹He is believed to be elected monitor.

⏹The house to be built is our dining room.

⏹The book is said to have been translated into many languages.

⏹It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here.不定式的时态

⏹一般式

⏹to write

⏹to be written

⏹完成

⏹to have written

⏹to have been written

⏹进行to be writing

⏹完成进行to have been writing

⏹如不定式动作发生在谓语动作之后(或与之同时发生或将要发生)，用一般时

⏹He is determined to work harder next term.

⏹I'm sorry to hear the news.

⏹She is supposed to leave for New York next week.

⏹如不定式（动态动词）表示的动作与谓语动作发生在同一时间，用进行时

⏹I'm glad to be working with you.

⏹They seem to be having a meeting.

⏹不定式动作先于谓语动作,用完成式

⏹The enemy was reported to have surrendered two days before.

⏹He is said to have translated many articles into English.

Assignment

⏹He moved into the new house in the suburbs so that the kids would have a garden ___.

A. where to play

B. to play with

C. to play

D. in

which to play

⏹The problem of storing the sun‟s heat is supposed ___ by scientists all over the world.

A. to be studied

B. to have been studied

C. being studied

D. having been

studied

Assignment

⏹He was supposed ___ for 5 years when the police found his dead body there.

A. to have died

B. to be dead

C. to have been dead

D. having died

⏹John regretted ___ the TV set last month. The price has now gone up.

A. not buying

B. not buy

C. not to buy

D. buying not Assignment

⏹In the course of a day students do far more than just ___ classes.

A. to attend

B. attend

C. attending

D. attended

⏹Here we found little snow, as most of it seemed ___ blown off the mountain. A. to

have been B. that it was C. to be D. that it had been

Assignment

⏹The lab ___ next year will be more advanced than the old one. A.

built B. being built C. to be built D. to be building

⏹There is nothing that depresses me more than ___ up with a hangover on a wet Monday.

A. wake

B. waking

C. to wake

D.

woke

Assignment

⏹He went on to say that it was as important to respect others as ___ by others.

A. being respected

B. to respect

C. to be respected

D. respected