
Part 1: Read the following passages and write for each passage an adequate topic sentence. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
Passage 1
Any attempt to trace the development from the noises that babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative (标示的) of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the baby's intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their store. This self-imitation (自我模仿) leads to deliberate imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arisen so to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.
Passage 2
Before transplanting, check to see if the tree roots are moist; if they are not, soak them in water for two or more hours until they appear soggy. While the roots are soaking, find a sunny spot in which to plant the tree. The soil should be a dark brown color-indicating that it is rich in nutrients. If the soil is in poor condition, mix in peat moss or potting soil. Next, dig a hole big enough to allow the tree roots room to spread out. Place the tree in the hole and, while holding the tree straight, fill in the hole with dirt; pack the dirt lightly. Water the tree every day for a week so that the roots can take hold in the ground.
Passage 3
Another of my childhood fears was that I would get lost. When all the buses were lined up along the curb, I was terrified that I’d get on the wrong one. I would scan the bus for the faces of my friends, make sure the bus driver was the same one that had been there in the morning, and even then ask the others over and over again to be sure I was on the right bus. On school or family trips I wouldn’t let the leaders out of my sight. And of course, I was never very adventurous when it came to taking walks or hikes, because I would go only where I was sure I could never get lost.
Passage 4
Hard work has been an important part of the American belief from the nation's beginning. The American idea of hard work was esteemed to distinguish us from Europeans who admired their gentlemen of leisure. For us, hard work rather than idleness was the way to distinction. Now, however, like many other traditional values, hard work is coming under attack. In academic journals, conferences and classrooms, the idea of hard work is considered to be another of those notions that the dominant forces in our society (i.e. white males) impose (施加) on the rest of us. It merely advances white-male interests—as any woman or minority foolish enough to buy into the dominant value system will find out. In the recent survey, high-school students in the United States and Japan were asked to rank factors that contributed to success in the classroom. Of the Japanese, 72 percent listed hard work first while only 27 percent of the American agreed.
Passage 5
Retirement for future older workers is becoming an outdated notion. From a societal perspective, the issue has changed from assisting older workers to retire and use leisure time to retaining and recruiting older workers. Recruitment and retention will become a key policy issue to satisfy the increasing demands for productivity, worker shortages, and retaining corporate knowledge. From a national policy perspective, increasing work life eases the social security burden, and requires programs for reemployment and continued employment of older workers. In the future, retirement will be interspersed with older workers cycling in and out of periods of active employment. Work will become an integral part of living. In the future, baby boomers may not be able to retire due to frequent job changes, underemployment, and not having acquired a consistent retirement package such as one might earn over a working life in a one-career job.
Part 2: Put sentences of the following groups in correct order. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
Task 1
1.He called the device the photophone.
2.The photophone did not use electricity to carry sound over wires between two people.
3.Most people know that Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.
4.‘Photophone ’comes from the Greek words for ‘light’ and ‘sound’.
5.But not many know about another talking device he invented just four years later, in 1880.
6.With his invention, Bell could actually transmit human speech on a beam of light.
7.Instead, the photophone used a beam of sunlight traveling through the air.
Task 2
1.There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have little to support the view that sports encourages international brotherhood.
2.Others say that the opposite is true: that international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred.
3.Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together.
4.Not only was there the tragic incident involving the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by minor national contests.
Task 3
The last decade has brought about a revolution in our understanding of the earth and the forces that shape it. Centuries ago geographers noticed that the continents of Africa and South America appear to fit together like a jigsaw puzzle (拼板玩具).
1.The evidence comes from two quite different sources.
2.Moreover, he suggested that the movement was the result of forces related to the spin of the earth.
3.One was the exploration of the geology of the oceans.
4.In 1912 the German scientist Wegener put forward the idea that all the continents of the earth have moved, on the grounds that they all seem to fit together like a jig saw puzzle and that there are many similarities in the distribution of animals and plants.
5.Wegener's idea was attacked for over half a century by conservative geologists who could not believe how continents could move, but now the evidence is becoming overwhelming that they do.
6.Other evidence comes from the study of paleogeomagnetism.
Task 4
When a 13-year-old Virginia girl started sneezing, her parents thought it was merely a cold. But when the sneezes continued for hours, they called in a doctor. Nearly two months later the girl was still sneezing, thousands of times a day, and her case had attracted world-wide attention.
1.Dr. Kanner simply gave a modern psychological interpretation to the ancient belief that too much sneezing was an indication that the spirit was troubled; and he began to treat the girl accordingly.
2.But nothing did any good.
3.Hundreds of suggestions, ranging from "put a clothes pin on her nose" to "have her stand on her head" poured in.
4.He used neither drugs nor surgery for, curiously enough, the clue for the treatment was found in an ancient superstition about the amazing bodily reaction we call the sneeze.
5.Finally, she was taken to Johns Hopkins Hospital where Dr. Leo Kanner, one of the world's top authorities on sneezing, solved the baffling problem with great speed.
Task 5
There are a great many careers in which the emphasis is on specialization.
1.We can call these people "generalists".
2.But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in a great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field.
3.And these "generalists" are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other people's work, to start it and judge it.
4.You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching.
5.In other words, there is a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments.
Part 3: Finish the incomplete paragraphs below by providing the missing idea on the Answer Sheet.
Task 1
Automatic cash machines are now a common sight in high streets all over Britain, and there is no doubt that they are a convenient way of withdrawing cash 24 hours a day and seven days a week. Customers have a plastic card and a four—figure personal identification number (PIN). When they put the card into the machine and type their PIN into the computer, customers can withdraw cash, check their bank balance, and sometimes even order a new cheque book and deposit money. A recent report from the National Consumer Council, however, has found (missing idea)______________. Customers have complained that they have not received the correct money, or that their bank statements show two debits for a single withdrawal. There have even been a few cases where customers say that their statements show a cash withdrawal, when they have never even used the machine.
Task 2
As more women in the United States move up the professional ladder, more are finding it necessary to make business trips alone. Since this is new for many, (missing idea) _______________________. If you are married, it is a good idea to encourage your husband and children to learn to cook a few simple meals while you are away. They will be much happier and probably they will enjoy the experience. If you will be eating alone a good deal, choose good restaurant. You may also find it useful to call the restaurant in advance and state that you will be eating alone. You will probably get better service and almost certainly a better table. Finally, and most importantly, anticipate your travel needs as a business woman;this starts with light-weight luggage which you can easily manage even when fully packed. And make sure you have a briefcase so that you can keep currently required papers separate.
Part 4: Fill in the blanks with appropriate transitional words from the box. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
Task 1
| A. from | B. Rather | C. probably | D. although | E. who |
Task 2
| A. officially | B. only | C. Yet | D. due to | E. during |
The guarantee is not valid if the defect is (2) ______ accidental damage, misuse, neglect or unauthorized persons carried it out in case of alterations or repair.
Service (3) _____ and after guarantee is available in all countries where LG (4) ____ distributes the product. In countries where LG does not distribute the product, the local LG service organizations will also arrange service. (5) _____, there may be delay if the required spare parts are not readily available. In this case, please contact your LG dealer or the LG Service Organization.
Task 3
| A. Theoretically | B. Next | C. But | D. First of all | E. Only |
Part 5: Read the following passages and write for each of the passages a sentence outline or a topic outline on the Answer Sheet.
Task 1
In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the worker's life more enjoyable, it does not actually make him work harder. Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Another important consideration is how much each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one small part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than a large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only the degree of worker contribution is an important factor, but it is also the one we can do something about.
Task 2
To understand why someone becomes an optimist or a pessimist, it helps to understand what distinguishes them.
"Optimistic people tend to feel that bad things won't last long and won't affect other parts of life," Seligman says. Pessimists tend to believe one negative incident will last and undermine everything else in their lives.
Also important, researchers say, is the story you construct about why things happen —your explanatory style. Optimists believe that bad events have temporary causes— "The boss is in a bad mood." Pessimists believe the cause is permanent— "The boss is a jerk."
This sense of control distinguishes one type from the other. Positive thinkers feel powerful. Negative thinkers, Seligman says, feel helpless because they have learned to believe they’re doomed, no matter what. A young wife who's told she's incapable of handling household finances might later become a divorce woman who can't balance a checkbook.
Task 3
The diversity of human cultures is so great that in their research most early anthropologists simply recorded the immense variety of human behavior in virtually every aspect of social life. They found, for instance, that there are some 2800 distinct languages in the world, most of which have no words in common with most of the others. They also found enormous differences in family life. In many places the father is the ruling head of the family, but elsewhere it is the wife’s brother. Anthropologists found that even what is beautiful and desirable in a woman, which might seem to depend on obvious physical attributes, is defined very differently in different cultures: modern Westerners generally prefer slender women, but some African societies find fat women very sexy. Some peoples think that a woman’s eyes determine how beautiful she is, while others consider the mouth, nose, or ankles more important. Evidences of cultural diversity are so numerous that many social scientists used to believe that no aspect of human social behavior was invariable from place to place.
Part 6: Read the following paragraphs and choose the sentence which is irrelevant to the main idea of the paragraph. Write the number of the sentence on the Answer Sheet.
Task 1
America is a country on the move. In unheard of numbers, people of all ages are exercising their way to better health. According to the latest figures, 59 percent of American adults exercise regularly—up 12 percent from just two years ago and more than double the figure of 25 years ago.
(1) Even non-exercisers believe they would be more attractive and confident if they were more active. It is hard not to get the message.
(2) The virtues of physical fitness are shown on magazine covers, postage stamps, and television ads for everything from beauty soaps to travel books.
(3) Exercise as a part of daily life did not catch on until the late 1960s when research by military doctors began to show the health benefits of doing regular, physical exercises.
(4) For an average family, it costs about $50 each month for exercises. Growing publicity (宣传) for races held in American cities helped fuel a strong interest in the ancient sport of running.
Task 2
Peirce's extensive publications are scattered among various publication media, and have been difficult to collect.
(1) The only intelligent way to publish his works is to organize them chronologically and with extremely careful editing.
(2) Shortly after his death in 1914, his widow Juliette sold his unpublished manuscripts to the Department of Philosophy at Harvard University.
(3) Initially they were under the care of Josiah Royce, but after Royce's death in 1916, and especially after the end of the First World War, the papers were poorly cared for.
(4) Many of them were misplaced, lost, given away, scrambled, and the like.
(5) Carolyn Eisele, one of several heroes in a great effort to locate and assemble Peirce's writings, reports having found a lost trunk of Peirce's papers only in the mid-1950's; it had, apparently for decades, been secreted in an unlit, obscure part of the basement in Harvard's Widener Library.
Task 3
Starting a small business requires some thoughtful planning.
(1) First, the future business person must ask who the customers will be.
(2) Specifically, from what economic, social, and ethnic background will they come?
(3) Next, the prospective owner must choose an appropriate business site that will provide a steady flow of customers.
(4) The price of rent and labor has been rising recently.
(5) Last, the prospective small-business owner should ask certain legal questions concerning licensing and insurance requirements.
(6) Following these steps should assure a reasoned business decision.
Part 7: Composition writing
Task 1
The following verse, by unknown writer(s), has been popular on the Internet. It pictures some aspects of our everyday life. Each pair in this verse consists of two sentences opposite in meanings. Choose any pair that impresses you in certain ways and write about it in 150 words.
Easy and Difficult
1.
Easy is to show victory
Difficult is to accept defeat with dignity…
2.
Easy is to set rules
Difficult is to follow them…
3.
Easy is to promise to someone
Difficult is to fulfill that promise…
4.
Easy is to criticize others
Difficult is to improve oneself…
5.
Easy is to make mistakes
Difficult is to learn from them…
6.
Easy is to receive
Difficult is to give
Task 2
A young Chinese father, now living in the U.S., has found out oceans of differences in the teaching and learning practices between Chinese and American schools. Two years’ observation of his son’s improving performance at the American primary school led the father to believe that children should be taught to seek knowledge in a creative and enjoyable way. He has posted his opinions on his blog. Read part of his opinions below and write a passage of about 150 words on how teachers can help students to learn happily and successfully in the Chinese contexts.
“学校和老师正是在这一个个设问之中,向孩子们传输一种人道主义的价值观,引导孩子们去关注人类的命运,让孩子们学习思考重大问题的方法。这些问题在课堂上都没有标准答案,它的答案,有些可能需要孩子们用一生去寻索。看着十二岁的儿子为完成这些作业兴致勃勃地看书查资料的样子,我不禁想起当年我学二战史的样子,按照年代事件死记应背,书中的结论明知迂腐也当成《圣经》去记,不然,怎么通过考试去奔光明前程呢?此时我在想,我们在追求知识的过程中,重复前人的结论往往大大多于自己的思考。而没有自己的思考,就难有新的创造。”
Task 3
Read the following remarks and write a composition of 150 words about your viewpoints either on the delights of reading, or on the possible causes for most Chinese people’s indifference to reading.
Are you book-lovers? According to some statistics, every 100 Americans read 47 books per year on average; but every 100 Chinese read only 3.7 books per year. What a sharp contrast!! Besides, the Americans, of whatever age and professions, read widely on various topics and of various modes: poetry, drama, biography, sci-fi, and so forth. They really enjoy reading as an inseparable part of their life. On the contrary, we have noticed that most Chinese people prefer playing cards, watching TV as their hobbies; reading books seem to be their last choice or something they are forced to do, say, on the part of students.
Task 4
Every culture enjoys an invaluable storage of proverbs which are rich in wisdom and profitable for people’s everyday life. Chinese culture and English culture happen to share lots of folk wisdom, as evidenced by the following proverbs in both languages:
1.Good health is above wealth. 健康胜过财富。
2.He that travels far knows much. 广游者,见识多。
3.There are ups and downs in the lifetime. 人生事业有盛有衰。
4.Listen to the voice of experience, but also make use of your brain. 要听经验之言,也要自己思考。
Choose just one proverb which seems to impress you in some way, and write a composition of about 150 words on what wisdom does the chosen proverb offer people in their life. Or give an account of your personal experience which proves the values of the chosen proverb.
