
The novel describes the break of American dream of Gatsby who was an upstart by selling wine in the 1920s, which indicates the American society's tragedy. On the surface, The Great Gatsby is a story of the thwarted love between a man and a woman. But this novel actually aimes at criticizing the current situation of society at that time.
The protagonist Gatsby was born into a poor family, but he had the great ambition to achieve the fortune and ideal happiness. And his lover Daisy is the symbol of youth, money and rich, the " American dream" which is based on the consistent pursuing of wealth. But he was totally wrong, he looked up to this vulgar superficial woman who would not give up her unexamined but elegant stable life for the ideal romantic dream of Gatsby. He lived in the illusion, was abandoned by Daisy and the society, eventually became the irretrievable tragedy.
The Great Gatsby is a highly symbolic meditation on 1920s America as a whole, in particular the disintegration of the American dream in an era of unprecedented prosperity and material excess. The author portrays the 1920s as an era of decayed social and moral values, which stressed cynicism, greed, and empty pursuit of pleasure. The decadent parties described in the novel that Gatsby held every Saturday night reflected the corruption of the American dream, as the unrestrained desire for money and pleasure surpassed more noble goals.
Nick Carraway is the novel’s narrator, a young man who was a tolerant, open-minded, quiet, and good listener. And as a result, others tend to talk to him and tell him their secrets. Gatsby, in particular, comes to trust him and treat him as a confidant. In a word, he assumes a secondary role throughout the novel, preferring to describe and comment on events rather than dominate the action.
Just as Americans have given America meaning through their dreams for their own lives, Gatsby instills Daisy with a kind of idealized perfection that she neither deserves nor possesses. Gatsby’s dream is ruined by the unworthiness of its object, just as the American dream in the 1920s is ruined by the unworthiness of its object—money and pleasure. Like 1920s Americans in general, fruitlessly seeking a bygone era in which their dreams had value, Gatsby longs to re-create a vanished past—his time in Louisville with Daisy—but is incapable of doing so. When his dream crumbles, all that is left for Gatsby to do is die; all Nick can do is move back to Minnesota, where American values have not decayed.
“Let life be beautiful like summer flowers and death like autumn leaves.” as Tagor's poem said, which seems to make a perfect conclusion of this fantastic tragedy of The Great Gatsby. And this tragedy is not only a matter of individuals, but only a matter of the times.
