
标题:The research on DuPont financial analysis system and profitability of listed
compa nies
| 作者: | McGowan J |
| 期刊: | Acco un ti ng and Finance Research |
| 页码: | 52-63,第1卷,第2期,2016年 |
The research on DuPont finan cial an alysis system and profitability of listed
compa nies
McGowan J
Abstract
In order for the company's level of profitability for the correct assessmentof financial analysis, have the certain ability is necessary, among them, more applicable to listing Corporation to evaluate the profitability of Du Pont financial analysis system. Financial analysis is not only the historical situation and the present situation analysis of the company also can rely on the analysis of the historical situation and the present situation carries on the forecast to the company's future profitability, so as to be able to correctly assess the company'slevel of profitability. The success and failure of a compa ny have great relati on ship with the compa ny's finan cial level, while the company's financial level can be reflected by the results of the financial analysis. Key Words: DuPont financial analysis System; Profitability; ROE
1In troduct ion
Now the trend of globalization is unstoppable, and this makes the competition betwee n en terprises is torn, it also in creased the finan cial crisis and the degree of operating risk. Financial statements reflect the enterprise's financial position and operating results of a form, it is provided by the accounting entity. Enterprise personnel through financial statements reflect the real situation, use financial methods for serious analysis, accurate calculation, gradual decomposition and in-depth research, so that you can know the comprehe nsive ability of the en terprise, can know how companies can afford to pay the amount of how much power to keep normal operation of enterprises and profit. Enterprise yield strength is its profitability, and profitability is the real reflection of enterprise operating performance good or bad. The profitability of the relati on ship betwee n the en terprise man agers, creditors and the interests of the shareholders, so their attention to profit is very high, they always paid close attention to the trend of the economy, and in a timely manner to make accurate analysis and forecast the future situation. So, the enterprise management's main goal is to improve the profitability of en terprises. Because en terprise's bus in ess performa nce is depe nd on the profitability of the compa ny related in dicators reflect the real, the bus in ess operators through the an alysis of profitability, can timely to correct some problems in the operati on and man ageme nt and make reas on able pla n. We an alyze the finan cial stateme nts there are so many ways, comparis on an alysis, the main financial ratio method, trend analysis and factor analysis method. But the effect of these methods is limited, so it can't to enterprise's financial position and operating results fully reflected, can only reflect one aspect. So, you need a comprehensive financial indicators on the financial condition of enterprises are an integral part of the report, at the same time also must combine various related indicators, and then using a certa in method to en terprise's finan cial positi on and operat ing results to con duct a comprehe nsive in-depth research, and the specific method is comprehe nsive an alysis method.
2Literature review
In 1919, the Uni ted States DuPo nt, Pierre DuPo nt (Pierre DuPo nt) and Don alds on Brow n (Don alds on Brow n) set out the DuP ont finan cial an alysis System (DuP ont System), the System is based on net assetsyield in dex, in part by part of decompositi on, fin ally to realize the orga nic comb in ati on of finan cial an alysis indicators. Return on equity index is the core of DuPont financial analysis system, sales net profit multiplied by the total assets tur no ver and the rights and in terests is the result of the return on equity, with from top to bottom of key index decomposition, the company's profit ability, operation ability, debt payments and other financial association between more clearly, it is widely used in the actual assessment,but actually very few foreign scholars studied it, let alone to improve its methods, to perfect its theory and practice and research on it, it is a handful. Palmer's office at Harvard University in the United States, and in the analysis and evaluation for en terprises "puts forward the susta in able growth rate, and use it as a deformati on of DuPont financial analysis system and complementary, build the" palmer's financial analysis system ".This process is layers of decomposition process of financial in dicators, this an alysis method is actually one more con siderati on for divide nd payment rate, but there is no big effect. Alex Kane is a professor at the university of California, bode is a professor at the uni versity of Bost on, they joi ntly at Bost on college Ala n j. Marcus (Ala n j. Marcus) (2003), a professor at the esse nceof the investment of the books seriously analyzed the DuPont financial analysis system of five factors, it put the original DuPont analysis system of the "three elements" refined after the "five factors", will be the past the sales net profit rate target segmentation of DuPont financial model to study the three elements, respectively is the interest rate burde n ratio, in come taxes, the tax burde n ratio and sales earnings before in terest and tax rate, and more detailed research seriously the debt in terest and in come tax rate, it's from the number of key indicators changed the DuPont analysis system. By the "five eleme nts" DuPont model shows: in the net in come for the rights and in terests of factor, asset tur no ver ratio, ratio of sales compe nsati on and in terest burde n ratio and the product of the tax burden ratio, and the rights and interests of the factor for the average amount of assets and the ratio of the amount of own ers' equity, asset tur no ver ratio for bus in ess in come and the ratio of the average total assets, sales compe nsati on ratio for unpaid interest and the ratio of sales revenue, profit before interest burden ratio for the amount of interest and profits before interest payments, the tax burden ratio to the ratio of the in come tax amount and profit before tax amount. Can be learned from the above study, "five elements" DuPont return on net assetsin the financial model depends on the interest factor, asset turnover ratio, ratio of sales compe nsati on and in terest burde n ratio and tax burde n these five key in dicators. The model of en terprise in come tax's in flue nee on the net in terest rate of the rights and interests is through the single factor of tax burden directly reflected, and financial expenses index is the key of the analysis. The rationality of the assets structure cannot leave the finan cial cost in dicators of guida nee. Capital of a limited nu mber of cases in the enterprise, the enterprise can have the most to gain from at the lowest cost is the sign of corporate capital structure is reasonable.The quality of corporate profits is also associated with in terest expe nse.
3The DuP ont finan cial an alysis theory
3.1Factor an alysis method
Factor an alysis method, also called in dex factor an alysis method, is the overall change in the statistical index is used to things method to evaluate the impact of different reasons, mainly divided into fixed base substitution method, index decompositi on method, the differe nee an alysis method with serial alter native methods. As one of the subord in ate applicati on of multivariate statistical an alysis, factor analysis method is a good practical method of statistical analysis. In this way, can a set of more able to reflect things characteristics, status and n ature of the variables are simplified into a few can decide thi ngs fun dame ntal characteristics, embodies the in here nt thin gs, the n ature of the internal variables, and use this a few in terrelated variables on econo mic in dicators or an alysis of the impact of finan cial in dicators. This kind of analysis method is the key, when there are multiple factors to the object of study, assu ming that other factors are con sta nt, accordi ng to the cha nges in order to determ ine the in dividual factors to study the effect of the object.
3.2Ratio an alysis
Ratio analysis method is a more important key data from the annual report, the ratio of the various data and comparison, thus for the company's history and an an alysis of the prese nt situati on and the level of sales methods, it is esse ntial to the evaluation of the financial situation strategy, possibly through the ratio of the two key data in the annual report, the company's operating results and financial condition. Due to the differences of financial analysis of the ultimate goal, different analysts, including government agencies, the emphasis of the management institution, creditors rely on also has very big differenee. For stock investment, grasp and use good turnover ratio, growth levels, and ability of debt repayment ratio and profitability ratios these in dicators is more importa nt.
3.3Trend an alysis method
Trend an alysis method, also known as the method of level an alysis, comparative analysis method, this is a kind of the annual report of the various financial information extracted, the same ratio of multiple consecutive compared with key indicators to seque ntial or calm base con trast, access to these key in dicators cha nge amplitude and trend, to the company's cash flow change trend, the operating and financial situation clearly reflected a finan cial an alysis method. When using the trend an alysis method research on the compa ny, usually n eed to compare to the annual report and prepare. By using the trend an alysis method, can hold a compa ny's finan cial cha nge trend, so as to provide a basis for the predict ion of the compa ny's future finan cial con diti on.
3.4DuP ont finan cial an alysis system
DuP ont finan cial an alysis system from the perspective of finan cial performa nee of the company, equity returns ability and profitability analysis of the classical method. The idea of this method is to a company's return on equity is expressed as a number of key financial indicators of multiplication, thus more systematic study of the company's operations. In order to more comprehensive to analyze the company's operati ng results and finan cial status, n eed multiple in flue nces each other key in dicators to the level of profitability, debt repayme nt ability and operati on level were an alyzed systematically. DuP ont finan cial model is adopted the in here nt connection between several important financial indexes, to evaluate a company's financial situation. The system centered on net earnings ratio data, through the evaluation of the level of profitability, solve ncy, to build a bala nce sheet and in come stateme nt such as a number of key financial data analysis system. DuPont financial analysis System (DuP ont finan cial an alysis System) through the in here nt connection betwee n several key financial data, to evaluate the company's financial situation and the method, it is a ki nd of from the perspective of finan cial performa nce of the compa ny, equity returns ability and profitability evaluation method of classic. The idea of this method is to a company's return on equity is expressedas a number of key financial indicators of multiplicati on, thus more systematic study of the compa ny's operati ons.
译文
杜邦财务分析体系与上市公司盈利能力研究
McGowan J
摘要
为了对公司的盈利水平进行正确的评估,具备一定的财务分析能力是很必要 的,其中,杜邦财务分析体系比较适用于对上市公司的盈利能力进行评价。 财务
分析不仅能对公司的历史情形与现状分析,还能够凭借对历史情形与现状的分 析,对公司的未来盈利情况进行预测, 因而能够正确地评估公司的盈利水平。 一 个公司的成功与失败,与该公司的财务水平有很大关联, 而公司的财务水平能够 通过财务分析的结果体现出来。
关键词:杜邦财务分析;盈利能力;净资产收益率
1引言
如今全球一体化的趋势势不可挡, 这就使得企业之间的竞争越演欲裂, 这也 加大了财务危机和经营风险的程度。财务报表是反映企业财务状况和经营成果的 一种形式,它是由会计主体提供的。 企业人员通过财务报表反映的真实情况, 运 用财务方法进行认真的分析、精确的计算、逐步的分解和深入的研究,这样就可 以清楚的知道企业的综合能力,能知道企业能够承担多少的还债金额,能有多大 的力量来使企业正常运营和取得盈利。企业取得收益的实力就是它的盈利能力, 而企业的盈利能力是企业经营业绩好坏的真实反映。企业的盈利能力关系着企业 经理人员,债权人和股东的利益,所以他们对利润率的关注度是十分高的, 他们 时刻关注着经济变动的趋势,并及时的做出精确的分析和对未来形势进行预测。 所以,企业经营的主要目标就是提高企业的盈利能力。 因为企业的经营业绩都是
依靠企业的盈利能力的相关指标真实的反映出来的,企业经营者经过分析盈利能 力,能够及时的对经营管理中的一些问题进行改正和制定合理的方案。 我们对财
务报表进行分析的方法有很多,主要有比较分析法,财务比率法, 趋势分析法和 因素分析法。但是这些方法的作用是有限的,它不能对企业的财务状况和经营成
果全面的反映出来,只能反映出一个方面。 所以,就需要一个综合的财务指标对
企业的财务状况进行一个整体的反映,与此同时还必须把各个有联系的指标结合 起来,然后再运用一定的方法对企业的财务状况和经营成果进行全面深入的研 究,而这个特定的方法就是综合分析方法。
2研究综述
1919年,美国杜邦公司的皮埃尔•杜邦(Pierre DuPo nt)和唐纳森•布朗
(Donaldson Brown)制定出了杜邦财务分析体系 (DuPont System),这种体系是 以净资产的收益率指标为基础,在经过一部分一部分的分解,最终对财务分析指 标实现有机结合。净资产收益率指标就是杜邦财务分析体系的核心, 销售净利润
乘以总资产的周转率和权益的结果就是净资产收益率,凭借从上往下地对关键指 标进行分解,将公司的盈利能力、 营运能力、债偿能力等各种财务能力之间的关 联更加清楚地体现出来,它广泛的被运用于实际评估当中, 但是实际上很少的国 外学者深入的研究它,更别说改进它的方法,对它的理论进行完善和对它进行实 践研究了,那简直是屈指可数。
帕利普就任于美国哈佛大学,在《企业分析与评价》一书中提出了可持续增 长率,并将其作为杜邦财务分析体系的变形和补充,构建了 “帕利普财务分析体
系”这其中的过程就是层层分解财务指标的过程,这种分析方法实际上就是多 了一个对股利支付率的考虑因素,但是没有什么大的效果。亚力克斯•凯恩(Alex Kane)是加利福尼亚大学的教授、滋维•博迪是美国波士顿大学的教授, 他们联 合波士顿学院艾伦• J •马库斯(Alan • J • Marcus)教授(2003)在《投资学精 要》的书籍中认真的分析了杜邦财务分析体系的五个因素, 过去的社邦财务槿型巾的销售厚利比率特标细佥三个要素进行研究,分别是利率员担比率、 所得税税收负担比率利销莒息税前利润比率,井且更加认真详细的研究了负横利息和疔得税 税收负担率,这就从耒键标做数量上改变了社邦分析体系°由b,±st"杜邦模型叮知; 净资产枚益里为取益園子、费产周轉比率、糙售报酬比率、利息负担比率和税收负担比率的 乘秩,而权益因子为平均资产金额和平均所有看权益金瓠工比,资产周转t唇対经营牧入金 额和平均険产总额之比•销售報81比率为未支付利息前的刹润利销售收入的比值,制息负担 比率为利息的金额和未支付刑盍前的利润之比,税收负担比率为所潯税金取和魂前利孫金顧 之比。从上面的軒充中叮以做l, 素s土邦财务模型口的棉资产攻益率霰决于挨益因 孔资产唐转比率*销售报酬比率.刊患负担比率耳税收负担比率这五个关键権标「遠个橫 型对企业所得税对权益净利率旳影响是通过税牧旬担这一单一因素直播反应岀沃的庶财务 壽毎捋标杲分析的重点.塔产结构的合理性离不开财备费月耆标的指弓寫在企业饶金劈号有 限的惰况丁,企业館筋议最低的成本取得最大的收益是企业资本结构合理的标志■:企业刑润 的區低也勻利息费用有关©"
3社邦财务分析理唸门
3.1因素分析拄卫
因寿分析的方扶,也叫他猎数因秦分析的方決・是i甬过运用统计指数对事物更体夸化电不同 原因的影响程度来评估的方法,主要分为定基普代的方袪、指标分解的方袪=差额分析的方 迭WiS坏菅代的方袪等•作対多兀统计分析的下級应用之一’因素疔祈袪是具奮较强买用性 的统卄学分析方法,采月这种方法.能够摒一组较多的能够煌现車构特缶状态写性炭的变 量筒化为少数能够央定事物根本特性、休现事物叵有的"内在的性质的变量,并采用这几个 石柜并联如弯董对常紀術或者聆备指标的最响稈底讲行深入地井析我种分圻有法茅并儈 在于,当有多个因素都对硏究对象有所影响时,假设其他园素都是恒定的,按照顺序确定单 个因素的改变对于研究M攥一的影响。』
3,2比率分析法・」
比率分析的方法是一种将年度报表中的多个重要曲关键数据列岀,农岀各项数据的比值并进 行对比,从而打公司的历史惰阮、现软与销售水平进行分析的方法,这是财务情迟评估妁基 本策略,可旨缱过年度揭裘中两顶戋犍数据的比值•将公司的经管成臬与财軒懵况体现出来。 生于财务分桥最菸日标.的差异IL不同的分析者「包扭机构、管理机构、债权人等所依 靠的侧重点乜有很大差异•对干股芋投资人员,把握并使用好周转能力比率、成长水平比率、 债务偿込能力比率与盈利水平比率这几个指标最比较重要的• +
33迪势分析法・」
超势分析的万注也称为水平分析的方法、比较分析的方袪,这杲一种将三閨投丢中的各种财 务资料摘录出杲,M多个達除的相同L匕率与关键揭标来环比对L-或足基才LL荻甌这些关键 指标的舐娈幅值与趋热■从而烬公司的现金流改变趋如 经营状讯弓财务情况清断地殊现岀 来的一种则务分忻力袪"仕运用坦野分析法对公问研丸时,一般要先刈吕厦报表进讦比较与 编制“通过运用趋势分■析法,能够把握一个公司的财务改变趋剪,从而为公司云来财务状呪 创预测提供依拯争*
3.4社邦财务分析体芯
杜邦财务分析誌至呈几财务的视角对公司的绮股权回报能力与盔利水三衬行分析的经典 方袪。这科方法的思想是習一卜仝司的浄资产收益率表示咸多项财务关撻指哺的粗乘,从而 頁加系统地对公司的运营清況进行研究“为了車加全面地对公司的经营成具与财务情况进行 分析,需要多亍互稲影咆的关键指标来对公司的盔利水平、债务偿还能力与运営水平进行系 统性地分析°杜祁财舒分析体系(DuPont fniancial aoal^is Sv^tem)通过几项关锂的财务数 据之间的固有关联,来对公司的财务情况进行评估的方袪,P是一种从财务的视角对公司的 绩效、股权叵报能力与盈利水平评估的经典方法。这种方袪的思想是将一个公司的净资产收 益率表示咸多顶财劳关犍厝标的相乘.从而更加系统地对公司的运营嘖抚i曲亍硏究a心
