
1.at的用法:
(1)用于时刻前。如:at noon, at night, at sunrise
(2)用于钟点前。如:at one o’clock, at a quarter past two
(3)用于固定搭配中。如:at Christmas, at New Year
2.in的用法:
(1)用于某个较长的时间。如:世纪,年,季节,月份等。in the twenty-first century
(2)用于泛指一天的上午/下午/晚上。in the morning/afternoon/evening
(3)用于表示“从现在起,多长时间后或多久以后〞的短语。
They will finish the work in an hour.
3.on的用法:
(1)用于星期、日期(包括该天的各局部),如:on Sundays/weekdays, on Sunday morning
(2)用于具体某天或当天的上午,下午,晚上等。或上述名词有描绘性修饰语时。如:
on September 1, on a cold morning, on the night of October 1, on his birthday
(3)用于公共节假日前。如:on Teachers’ Day, on Christmas Day
4.to的用法:
(1)表示“到〞、“向〞、“往〞,如:We walk to town.
(2)表示承受者,意为“给〞,如:I gave the book to Mary.
(3)表示几点差几分,如:It’s ten minutes to six.
(4)表示“直到〞,如:She read the book from the beginning to the end.
(5)表示相对的位置,如:Japan is to the east of China.
(6)用于固定搭配中:to one’s surprise, have to, get to
5.by的用法:
(1)表示“乘〞、“用〞某种交通工具,如:by bus/car
(2)表示动作的执行者,意为“被〞、“由〞,如:The window was repaired by him.
(3)表示时间,“到……为止〞,通常用于过去完成时,如:
By the end of last term, we had learnt three thousand English words.
(4)表示“在附近〞,如:The old man often walks by the river after supper.
6.with的用法:
(1)表示并列关系,意为“和〞、“和……一起〞,如:Can you come to play football with us
(2)表示“带有〞、“具有〞,如:
China is a large country with a long history.
I like tea with nothing in it.
(3)表示使用的工具、手段,意为“用〞:
如:He is writing with a pen.
(4)表示行为的对象,意为“对着〞、“就……来说〞,如:
Our English teacher is always strict with us.
The boy is very pleased with his performance.
His parents were angry with him because he did badly in the exam.
(5)表示随身携带:
It looks like rain. You’d better take a raincoat with you.
7.without的用法:
(1)without用以表示“没有〞、“没有带(吃,穿,戴等)〞。如:
There is no rose without a thorn.
没有不带刺的玫瑰。世界上没有完美的事。
She likes tea without sugar.
(2)without用以表示“不(做) ……没有(做) ……〞。
如:She spoke without thinking.
(3)without用以表示“(条件)假设无……、假设没有……〞。如:Without water we cannot live.
8.for的用法
(1)〔表示方向〕往,向:
They left Paris for London on February 6.
(2)〔表示所属〕的:Here is a letter for you.
(3)〔表示时间、距离〕计,达:
I have waited at the bus stop for half an hour.
(4)〔说明目的或用途〕为……:
The students are busy getting ready for Christmas Day.
Chinese is quite a difficult language for me.
(5)作为,当作:She had bread and milk for breakfast.
另外,for还可用作连词,表示“因为,由于〞
He went to bed, for he was very tired.
易混介词辨析
1.among & between
among表示“在三个或三个以上的人或物之间〞;between表示“在两者之间〞
2.across & through
across表示在物体外表上越过,有on的含义;through表示在物体里面穿过,有in的含义。
go across the street, walk through the forest
I saw the woman walk across the street just now.
The train has just run through the tunnel.火车刚刚穿过了隧道。
3.above, on & over
三者都能表示 “在……之上〞,on表示“与物体接触在上〞,above表示“不与物体接触在上面〞,over表示 “不接触垂直在上〞。表示温度的“零度以上/以下〞时,用above和below。
My trousers are on the sofa.
The plane flew above the clouds.
The bridge is over the river.
The temperature will stay above / below zero in the day time.
4.表示地理位置的三个介词in, on & to
in表示A在B范围之内;on表示A和B的接壤关系;用to表示A和B的不接壤关系。例如:
London is in England.
Hubei is on the north of Hunan.
Japan is to the east of China.
5.after & behind
after表示时间上的“在……之后〞;behind表示位置上的“在……之后〞。
After three hours, they arrived the airport.
Your bag is behind the door.
They are all after me. 他们都在我之后。〔表示先后关系〕
词组:one after another; fall behind
6.before & in front of
before示时间上的“在……之前〞; in front of表示位置上的“在……之前〞。
7.in front of & in the front of
前者表示“在物体外部的前面〞; 后者表示“在物体内部的前面〞。
8.below & under
below只表示位置低于或在下方,反义词是above ( the fields below the plane);under表示在垂直的下方,反义词是over
9.besides & except
besides表示“除……外,还有〞,包含besides后的宾语;except表示“除……外〞,不包含其后的宾语。
10.at, in & on表示位置关系的区别
at表示某一点的位置。如:at the bus stop, at the airport〔小地点〕
in表示三维空间内的位置。如:in the room
on表示一条线上的位置。如:on the way home, on the left / right
11.beside, by 和near
beside和by表示偶然,无意的“接近〞,常可换用:
The Turners are sitting beside /by the table.
by还常用于lake, river & sea等词前;当表示动态的经过附近时,只可用by:
The train passed by the village.
by the river /by the sea / by the lake
near在附近,没有beside & by那么接近: I live near my school.
12.for & since
for 表示动作持续了一段时间,for + 一段时间,既可以用于过去时,也可用于将来时和现在完成时。
since表示持续至说话时刻的动作或情况开场于某一时间,因此,since后面的宾语是一个点时间,而不能是一段时间,它一般要和现在完成时态连用。She has worked at the factory for 20 years.
Mr Wang has taught at this school since 2001.
