
Unit 2
Exercise A
I.Comprehension
1.The distinction between active and passive euthanasia is clear.In the former case,some direct action is taken(for example,lethal injection is given.) to help finishing the patient’s unbearable pain for good,while in the latter,no direct action is taken,merely letting the patient die.
2.The attitude of AMA is somewhat contradictory.First,it states that mercy killing is contrary to what the medical profession stands and also to its own policy.But then it goes on to say that the advice and judgment of the doctor should be available to the patient and/or his family.
3.A lethal injection is one which can“kill”the patient immediately.The author thinks that once the decision not to prolong the patient's agony is made,to give him a lethal injection is the best choice.Otherwise the patient will suffer more rather than less.
4.The most painful thing to do for a surgeon is to stand by and watch a savable baby die because his very duty is to use the scalpel to fight off death.
5.Some people are opposed to all kinds of euthanasia because they believe that all people have the right to live.
6.The author believes that the reason to let the baby die is only an excuse.And the real reason is that the child has Down's syndrome because the operation is very simple.
7.No,killing someone is not morally worse than letting someone die.(An example is omitted.)
8.What the doctor does in active euthanasia is only for humane reasons.In a civil case of killing,however,the person acts from the motive of personal gain.That's the main difference.
9.Mercy killing and conventional euthanasia are the same thing,because in both cases the passive part the doctor plays is emphasized.
10.The attitude of AMA in its statement is contradictory.First,it forbids mercy killing, but then it goes on to deny that the cessation of treatment is the intentional termination of life.This is where the mistake is made, for the former is none other than the 1atter.
Ⅱ.Vocabulary
1.C 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.A
6.C 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.D
11.B 12.B 13:D 14.D 15.B
16.C 17.A 18.D 19.A 20.D
Ⅲ.Cloze
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.C
6.A 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.B
11.D 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.C
Ⅳ.Translation
A.没有一个年轻人相信他是要死的。青春时期有一种永恒的感觉,使我们能自我纠正,适应一切事物。年轻人酷似神仙。虽半生一晃就过去了,还有下半生带着无限的宝藏给我们储备着,因为前程远大,希望无穷。这个新的时代是属于我们年轻人的。“一个远大无边的前景展开在我们面前。”我们环顾周围这个新的世界,充满着生命,活跃和不断的进步;我们自身感到朝气蓬勃,精神焕发,紧跟时代步伐。没有任何征兆会使我们预感到有朝一日,自己行将落伍,沦入老年,而最终掉进墓穴中去。
B.1.Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge;it is thinking that makes what we read ours.
2.Houses should be built so as to admit plenty of light as well as of fresh air.
3.There is but one safe way for every young person starting in life,whatever the business may be.
4.When you write an article,be sure to set out the points of your argument carefully.
5.While it seems unlikely that such a radical proposition will pass,the fact means this is an issue we will soon be facing nationally.
6.So what's wrong with the argument that a dying,pain wracked patient should be able to ask his or her physician for a prescription for a fatal overdose? Practically speaking,the first place,if pain medication is liberally and properly used,there is virtually no patient who cannot be kept comfortable with it.Admittedly,in some cases these doses may have to be SO strong that they will lead to respiratory depression and hasten death.But the goal of such medication is to relieve pain,not bring about death.So it will be a crucial problem,if the patient dies from over dose.
Writing
Euthanasia Mercy Killing
Reasons for the latest surge of interest in euthanasia are not hard to find.People everywhere in the world are living longer,so that lingering chronic diseases have replaced critical illnesses as the primary cause of death.This has not only brought great agony to the old people and their relatives but also resulted in a lot of social problems.Those who are for“mercy killing”argue that every human being should have the right to die with dignity.Most advocates of voluntary euthanasia contend that the right should be accorded only to the terminally and incurably i11.However,some people believe active euthanasia is a criminal act and so does aiding a suicide.They take such acts as“a case of barbarism”unworthy of our civilization.
I think “mercy killing” is different from murdering both legally and morally.We do not impose death on anyone but seek the individual's right to determine when and how to die.Anyway,people live in the world in order to enjoy themselves and make others happy.So when one's living becomes a burden to others as well as to himself,living loses its meaning.What's wrong with him if the terminally ill wants to relieve himself from its endless pain and sorrow and be more considerate of his close relatives?
Exercise B
I.1.surroundings 2.pledge 3.pet
4.onset 5.fellow 6.paradise
7.orphan 8.utensils 9.pessimist
10.transportation 11.transformer 12.plague
13.inclinations 14.incentive 15.fusion
16.ideology
Ⅱ.1.will quench 2.Massage 3.wither
4.were bugged 5.crooked 6.shrugged
7.salute 8.to propagate 9.narrated
10.be greased
Ⅲ.1.to wink—wink
2.N
3.N
4.(doubt)in——of
5.1egible——more legible
6.(comply)on——with
7.N
8.(an invasion)in—of
9.into—from
10.for—to
11.N
12.In—On
IV.1.in 2.in,which 3.into,if
4.on,of 5.into,of 6.what
7.until 8.of,that,by 9.at,of, that
10.that,for 11.of,as,of 12.in,near
13.at, with 14.since,on,in 15.to,from,of
16.about,which 17.if,so that 18.At,in,under
19.which,to,by 20.on,that 21.of,which,in,as
Supplementary Reading
1.Marie and her daughter Rose were in favor of having euthanasia while Marie's doctor didn't quite approve of it.
2.Because there is sophisticated machinery t0 extend a patient's life,and the real control is in the hands of a tangled bureaucracy.It cannot be decided just by the doctors and the patients.
3.More and more people began to accept the idea of euthanasia.
4.It is a kind of suicide manual,telling a terminally—ill patient how to end his or her life.
5.No.refers to death by euthanasia.
6.It is o tell others what medical treatment a patient wants or does not want when he is no longer able to express his wishes
7.No.The sentence rather implies that the hospital may not end a patient's life as he wishes.
8.Because he was not sure whether he was doing the right thing concerning a conflict between the two ideals—sustaining life and relieving suffering.
9.It is not easy because of the complicated factors involved such as the voluntariness of the patient and the complex ethics of medical technology.
10.Yes.According to him,how we die is a personal choice,which means he is in favor of euthanasia.
Unit 4
Key to the Exercises
Exercise A
I.Comprehension
1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.D
6·A 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.D
Ⅱ·Vocabulary
A·1·D 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.D
6·D 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C
B·11·B 12.A 13.C 14.A 15.B
16·C 17.A 18.C 19.C 20.A
Ⅲ.Cloze
1.A 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C
6·B 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.D
11·D 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.B
IV.Translation
A.1969年7月20日,尼尔·阿姆斯特朗成为地球上第一个站在导一个世界上的人。当时,全世界有7.5亿观众在他们的电视屏幕上注视着那些模糊的图像。在美国人看来,他们在这项振奋人心的成就上所花费的金钱和付出的努力是很值得的。登月探索已赋予美国的科学技术以新的活力,而且给工业和军方带来了无法估计的好处。最惊人的是,仅仅在约翰·F·肯尼迪总统宣布月球探测器为国家优先考虑的项目八年之后,“天鹰号”就登上了月球。
B.1.Nobody believes that seventy—year—old man is credited with being able to jump onto a moving train.
2.He embraced at once my offer to employ him.
3.His eccentric character has intrigued many biographers.
4.For years Jones kept coming up with new and good ideas.
5.The scene is now set for a direct confrontation between the major powers.
6.The U.S.Space Commission in a report in May,1 986 had proposed for the erection of a lunar base before 201 7,and a base on Mars before 2027.Since then,the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA) has made the construction of a stronghold on the surface of the moon and manned flights to Mars as the target of its future activities and unfolded specialized studies for manned flights to Mars.
V.Writing
The Dislike for Original,Creative Men in Our Society
In our new society there is a growing dislike of original,creative men.The manipulated do not understand them; the manipulators fear them. The tidy committee men regard them with horror,knowing that no pigeonholes can be found for them. We could do with a few original,creative men in our political life~if only to create some enthusiasm,release some energy--but where are they? We are asked to choose between various shades of the negative. ·The engine is falling to pieces while the joint owners of the car argue whether the footbrake or the handbrake should be applied. Notice how the cold, colourless men,without ideas and with no other passion but a craving for success,get on in this society, capturing one plum after another and taking the juice and taste out of them. ·Sometimes you might think the machines we worship make all the chief appointments,promoting the humanbeings who seem closest to them.Between midnight and dawn, when sleep will not come and all the old wounds begin to ache,I often have a nightmare vision of a future world in which there are billions of people,all numbered and registered,with not a gleam of genius anywhere, not an original mind,a rich personality,on the whole packed globe.The twin ideals of our time,organization and quantity,will have won for ever.
Exercise B
I. 1. inherent 2.planetary 3.tribal
4. pitiable 5.prescriptive 6.illegible
7. integral 8.thrifty 9.pitful
10. transient 11.spiritual.12. Suburban .
13. portable 14.illogical 15.preliminary
16.Rural
Ⅱ·1·C 2·A 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.A
8.D 9.C 10.B 11.D
Ⅲ.1.of—with
2.N
3.due to——due
4.in——on
5.with——to
6.(franchise)for——t0
7.N
8.the quickly--the more quickly
9.into——in
10.are—is
IV.1.without 2.of/what 3.that/before
4.above/for/in 5.from/during 6.about
7.Whenever/like 8.at/when 9.into(to)/on
10. at 11.of/that/in 12.for/because
13.with/so that/about 14.that/before 15.for
1 6. that/when 1 7.as[for]/at 1 8.as/against/if/into
1 9.against/to/of 20.When/in
Supplementary Reading
1.F 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.F
6.F 7.F 8.T 9.T 10.F
Unit 6
Key to the Exercises
Exercise A
I.Comprehension
1.D 2.C 3.A 4.C 5. D
6.C 7.C 8.B 9.D 10.B
Ⅱ.Vocabulary
1.D 2.A 3.B 4.C 5. B 6.D
7.A 8.C 9.B 10.D 11.C 12.B
13.B 14.C 15.B 16.A 17.C 18.D
19.B 20.C
Ⅲ.Cloze
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.B 5. D 6.A
7.A 8.C 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.B
13.B 14.A 15.C
Ⅳ.Translation
A.文化冲击是无准备的客居者浸润在陌生文化中所受的影响。和平队志愿者在婆罗洲或巴西时有此经历。马可·波罗在中国时可能也有此经历。文化冲击是客居者突然发现自己处于一个说“是”可能意味“不”的地方,一个“固定价格”可以商量的地方或一个大笑可以表示愤怒的地方时所发生的情况。每当那些习以为常,有助于个人在社会中正常活动的心理刺激准则突然被取消,而被一些陌生的或不可理解的新的刺激准则所取代时,就出现了文化冲击。
B.1.He did it as much for his son as for himself.
2.Not knowing a foreign language,he felt like a fish out of water among so many foreigners.
3.The doctor says he is much the same as yesterday.
4.When I tried to reach him at his office,he happened to be home on leave.
5.We thought she would come for a visit,it seems she is staying for good.
6.In learning a foreign language you should clear away the vocabulary barrier.You should know at least five thousand words by heart,and the more,the better.There is no other way of learning new words except by memorizing them.You young people in your teens or twenties have a good memory,but it will fail you in learning new words when you are over thirty.Memorizing new words requires painstaking efforts,and there is no shortcut here.A new word has to be read many times,encountered frequently and put into use before it is borne in mind.
V.Writing
Future Shock
We all know the term culture shock,which denotes the psychological problems suffered by people who move to live in a culture very different from their own.But have you ever heard of the term future shock? Future shock is a time phenomenon,a product of the greatly accelerated rate of change in society.It is culture shock in one's own society.Culture shock is a mild disease in comparison with the serious malady future shock, Travellers have the comforting knowledge that the culture they left behind will be there to return to,hut victims of future shock do not.Unless we learn to fight future shock,millions of people will find themselves incompetent to deal with their environments.A knowledge of the causes and symptoms of future shock helps explain many aspects of contemporary life that otherwise could not be explained.Only when we understand the rate and scope of change can we cure future shock.
Exercise B
I.1.maxim 2.scar 3.shipment
4. pessimism 5. perils 6.rotation
7.reconciliation 8.simplication 9. Segregation
10.spectrum 11.narration 12.volunteers
13.sentiment 14. Pensions 15.savages
16.zipper
Ⅱ.1.swreved 2.repeals 3.To screw
4.boycotted 5.are paved 6. initiated
7.pledged 8. are laden 9.would induce
10. to safeguard 11.to retail
Ⅲ.1. N
2. on——to
3. as——that
4. N
5. of——from
6. to——against
7. is——are
8. N
9. specify in——specify
10. has——had
Ⅳ.1.to 2.with 3.to
4.as 5.on, on 6.for, at
7.about, for 8.above 9.for
10.into, which, of 11.If 12.about, of
13.of, by, of 14.with 15.by,that
16.When, to 17.if,in, for 18.to which, of
19.for, or 20.with, for 21.in,of,during
Supplementary Reading
1.D 2.F 3.D 4.B 5.F 6.F 7.D
8.T 9.B 10.T
Unit 9
Exercise A
I.Comprehension
1.B 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.D
6. A 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.C
Ⅱ.Vocabulary
1 A 2 C 3 B 4 A 5 C
6 C 7 A 8 C 9 D 10 D
11 C 12 B 13 B 14 D 15 B
16.C 17 D 18.B 19.C 20.C
Ⅲ.Cloze
1 C 2 B 3 D 4 D 5 A
6 D 7 B 8 A 9 B 10 D
11 D 12 D 13 A 14 B 15 A
IV.Translation
A正如社会组织由简单变为复杂一样,社会用来教育儿童的组筝也经历如此变化,这一点是千真万确的。如果教育要满足新的需求,发展和变革是至关重要的。在非常简单的社会秩序中,让家长对孩子进行教育就足够了。然而,正如以后要仔细阐述的那样,这样的方法可能会变得完全难以支持,而要委托一些专职的人来完成这项任务。这些人最初可能是以私人的方式雇佣的,但是,很快社会组织、教会、村镇以及其他类似的组织将会负责教育。结果,就要求对从事教育的人进行专门培训,也需要建立专门机构来管理培训。这样,像镇、以及后来的州或省这样的地方机构的影响也就很必要了。
B. 1. The lack of a thorough grasp of the situation makes it difficult for them to bring matters to a speedy conclusion.
2.The noise was SO faint that it was impossible to be sure what it was or even where it came from.
3·Prolonged exposure to powerful radiant rays caused(gave rise to,led to)the early death of Madame Curie in 1934.
4·When the children saw the great pandas,they were so excited that they could hardly tear themselves away from the cage.
5·All parts of the house other than the windows were in good condition.
6·In the past few decades,many changes have taken place.Better health care is available,and education is no longer reserved for a limited few.Some say the pendulum in child rearing has swung so far toward permissiveness that many children are growing up alienated from society and with no respect for the law or parental authority.
V.Writing
The Admiration of Rock Music
Around the world,young people are spending unbelievable sums of money to listen to rock music.In our country,more and more youngsters have become admirers of rock music.It is very fashionable,especially in big cities.They are keen on collecting the famous stars' records,pictures,anecdotes,etc.They indulge in wearing Walkmans at home,on the bus,and even in the classroom.· There are those who try their best to imitate their music star idols in every way,having the day—dream of winning fame and wealth just like them some day.
Why has rock music become SO popular today? Some people think that rock music has a special appeal,because no real training IS needed to produce it.There is no gulf between the audience and the performer.Every boy and girl thinks:“I could sing like that". So rock music becomes a new religion,a new form of worship· Young people are glad to pay to worship a rock star. Because it is a way of worshipping themselves.I think the times have changed and so has the scheme of things. Now we enjoy a quick living rhythm,and participating in something fantastic and stimulating. Of ail kinds of entertainments’ rock music is the right thing young people want most.But things will develop in the opposite direction when they become extreme.After all,entertainment is only entertainment.If we are always aware of this everything is all right.
Exercise B
I.1.recks 2.perplex 3. have lulled
4.compacted 5.plunged 6.parachuted
7.amplify 8.domes 9. underestimate
10.trifle 11.rebuked 12. prohibited
13.are striving 14.revolving 15.pricked
16.being perturbed 17.be exterminated
Ⅱ.1.C 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.A
7.C 8.B 9.C 1 O.B 11.A
Ⅲ.1.in—to 2.to—for
3.N 4benefit from—benefit
5.to—in 6.win—winning
7.N 8.For—To
9.Excepted—except for 10.N
IV.1.through 2.for, in 3.to
4.At 5.with 6.Without, to
7.By 8.since,from 9.At,for,in
10.if 11.from,to,for 12.Before,on
13.into,by,with 14.by,to,into 15.for,of
16.against 17.When,among 18.in,by
19.in,where 20.in,rather than
Exercise C
I.1.D 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.D
6. C 7.C 8.C 9 A 10.C
Ⅱ.1.E 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.B
6. H 7. F 8. I 9 G 10.J
Supplementary Reading
1.They are spirituals and blues.
2.In and near New Orleans。 ,
3· They produced what they could hear “singing’’ in their minds.
4. Blue notes—a flattened third and seventh and syncopation.
5. It is composed while the musicians are playing;it is improvised.
6.They created the foundation for what is now called Dixieland.
7.Because the bars and other establishments in Storyville were closed during World War I.
8· The rent parties are the parties where money is collected from listeners and used to pay the host’s rent.
9.The Original Dixieland Jazz Band,and it was known as a group of five New Orleans musicians who performed at Reisenweber’s Restaurant in New York early in 1917.
10·Jazz has spread and become popular among all classes of people in the USA and jazz musicians instruments come from a1 parts of the world.
Unit 12
Exercise A
I.Comprehension
1.A 2.D 3.C 4. B 5.D
6.C 7.B 8.A 9.A 10.D
Ⅱ.Vocabulary
1.B 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.A
6.D 7.B 8.C 9.C 10.B
11.D 12.A 13.C 14.B 15.A
16.A 17.D 18.C 19.D 20.A
Ⅲ.Cloze
1.C 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.D
6.A 7.B 8.C 9.D 10.C
11.B 12.A 13.B 14.C 15.D
IV.Translation
A. 87年前,我们的先辈们在这个上创造了一个新国家。它孕育于自由之中,奉行一切人生来平等的原则。现在我们正在从事一场伟大的内战,以考验这个国家是否能长期存在下去。勇士们已经如此崇高地将这一事业向前推进,我们这些还活着的人,
应该在这里把自己奉献于这一他们未竞的事业,奉献于这一伟大的使命,以便不让这些死者白白牺牲,以使这个国家在上帝保佑下得到自由新生,并使这个民有、民治、民享的永世长存。
B. 1. Nature endowes her with beauty and intelligence.but she knows that success only comes from hardworking
2.Though the boss admired his assistant’s ability, he still always prevented him from usurping his power.
3.All the signs evinced that the only way to take the enemy position is by strategy,not by forceful attack.
4.He knows that for the tenure of his position,he has to act in compliance with his boss’S will.
5.The guerrilla drew the enemy around the big mountains for three months and finally fatigued them into retreat without any fighting.
6.When George Washington became the first President of the United States,there was no permanent capital in which to house the government.During the Revolutionary War, seven different cities had served as the national capital.In addition,the members of Congress could not agree as to where this permanent capital should be located.Some officials wanted it in the North,others wanted the capital to be established within their own state lines. At last it was decided that the capital should occupy a section by itself,separated from any of the estates.This capital city was named Washington,after George Washington.
V.Writing
I firmly believe that both men and women are born equal.And women are certainly as talented as men if they are given equal opportunities of education.Isn’t a fact known to US all that
women have been working side by side with men in our country and elsewhere in the world? Like their menfolks,they have been distinguishing themselves not only in research institutes,but in
government bodies and other organizations as well.Either yesterday’ S French Curie or today’ S British Mrs. Thatcher may serve as a telling argument Women are by no means inferior to
men in many respects. Since both men and women are playing an equally important
r01e in all human activities,why should not they be on an equal footing and enjoy equal right accordingly?
Exercise B
I. 1.Repression 2.realm 3. chips
4.sump 5·peg 6.parasite
7.repetition 8.initiative 9.fixture
10.republican 11.melody 12. pavilion
13.drawback 14.peculiarities 15.plight
16.Parliament
Ⅱ.
1.rebelled 2.tortured 3.reproached
4.peck at 5.to harness 6.shear
7.be notarized 8.reconditioning 9.was wedged
10.was motivated 11.maximized
Ⅲ.1.against—to
2.of—for
3.N
4.everyone——each
5.possible——likely
6.diving——dives
7.N
8.invaded into—invaded
9.is—was
10.N
Ⅳ. 1.to 2.from, at 3.under
4.on,of 5.to,after,on 6.from,that
7.when,into 8.on,by,who 9.to
10.how,for 11.on。which 12.who,like
13.by,by 14.With,for,of
15.From,to,during,of,from 16.of。of。to
17.into,for,from 18.of。that
19.by,of,as,above 20.of。to
Supplementary Reading
1. B 2.D 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.A
7.B 8.D 9.D 10.A 11.C
