X5040立式铣床资料

X5040型升降台铣床采用微电子型多功能继电器控制线路

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职   业：         维修电工

鉴定等级：     技师

单    位：山东煤机集团泰安煤矿机械有限公司

二零一一年九月二是十五日

摘要

本文阐述了x5040型升降台铣床采用微电子型多功能继电器控制线路的工作原理及机床的操作步骤。

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                关键词：微电子型多功能继电器 X5040升降台铣床  电力拖动 故障保护 

前言                                                                                                                在机械行业中，几乎所有的工作机械都用电动机来拖动，这种方式成为电力拖动。它和用内燃机等来拖动相比，具有效率高、价格低、操作简单和维修方便等优点。应用电力拖动还能对工作机械实行远距离操纵和自动控制，在实现生产过程自动化方面日益显示出它的优越性。                                                                                                                                                                                                                    X5040立式升降台铣床是一种强力金属切削的机床，该机床适于加工各种零件的平面、斜面、沟槽、孔等，是机械制造、模具、仪器、仪表、汽车、摩托车等行业的理想加工设备。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 X5040型升降台铣床电源进线为三相四线制380V，50HZ    动力电路。电气控制部分除机床照明与电源指示线路外主要采用微电子型多功能继电器控制，型号为WJ1-20/10，它的特点是接线简单，可靠性高，动作相应快，通过程序控制机床的动作，并且维修简单，操作方便。机床的操作主要集中在滑鞍前侧按钮站及右壁。

摘 要.....................................................................…………… 2         前 言.........................................................................................3         一、X5040型升降台铣床的主要结构………………………5         1、床身部分………………………………………………………………………5                                                                                                                   2、主传动部分…………………………………………………………………….5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  3、主轴变速操纵部分…………………………………………………………….6                                                                                                           4、进给变速箱部分……………………………………………………………….7                                                                                                                                                                        5、工作台部分…………………………………………………………………….7二、X5040铣床的电力拖动工作原理及操作步骤………...8         1、WJ1-20/10微电子型多功能继电器的简介…………………………………8                                                                                                                 2、电源部分.........................................................................................................8                                                                                                                                   3、交流电机控制................................................................................................9                                                                                                                            4、主轴运动的电气操作…………………………………....................................9                                                                                                                                                         5、进给运动的操作..............................................................................................10                                                                                                                                              6、快速运动的操作.........................................................................................10                                                                                      7、冷却泵与机床照明电路………………………………...................................10                                               8、机床故障保护……………………………………………………………….10    三、附图....................................................................................11

   1、机床外观图………………………………………………11

2、机床电路图………………………………………………..11

   结论………………………………………………………….....12 

参考文献………………………………………….........................12           一、X5040升降台铣床的主要结构                                                                    1、床身部分                                                                                                                                   由床身和底座组成    ，底座内腔是冷却液箱。                  2、主传动部分                                                           主传动机构装在床身内部，由四根轴组成，打开床身右边盖板，可以看到整个传动机构的全貌。           电动机装在床身后面的下部，主轴的制动是靠主传动装在I轴上的电磁离合器来实现的，制动时间不超过10S。                                                                                                       3、主轴变速操纵部分                                                主轴变速操纵机构装在床身左侧窗口上，变速时根据所选定的转速，搬动手柄使刻度盘上的转速对准指针即可，如果齿轮啮合困难而搬不动变速手柄时，可按“冲动”按钮，电动机即产生瞬时冲动，使齿轮容易啮合而达到变速的目的。                                                                                                                4、进给变速箱部分                                                    进给变速包括两部分，即电机座与进给变速箱。进给电动机装在电机座上。工作台三个方向的进给传动与快速移动都是靠进给箱内的两个电磁离合器实现的，右边电磁离合器吸合时产生正常工作进给，左边电磁离合器吸合时，产生快速。                                             5、升降台部分                                                              升降台部件与床身靠矩形导轨联接，顶部有矩形导轨与工作台联接，升降台前面有横向与升降的手动操作手柄，横向与升降的机动操纵是靠装在右端的按钮站上的按钮控制升降台内的电磁离合器的吸合实现的，这些按钮是互锁的，机动和手动也是互锁的，横向和升降运动的停止通过撞块来实现。                    6、工作台部分                                                            工作台部件装在升降台上面的矩形导轨上，在导轨上产生工作台的向前向后运动，工作台与滑座的燕尾导轨相连接，产生工作台向左向右运动。                               二、X5040铣床的电力拖动工作原理及操作步     1、WJ1-20/10微电子型多功能继电器的简介                    微电子型多功能继电器是一种新型智能时间控制继电器，是电子技术、计算机技术、通讯技术等高新技术与传统的低压电器相结合的新产品。项目采用以微处理器为核心的控制系统，扩展了继电器的功能，可同时实现多路控制，具有掉电保护功能，对机床发生的过压、欠压、过载等故障进行保护，具有数字显示、智能化、可通信等功能，满足继电器规定的电磁兼容要求。产品控制精度高、控制模式灵活、生产调试方便、可靠性高等特点，其应用于机床等行业，对控制电器进行更新换代，可替代进口和配套出口，技术水平达到国内领先  2、电源部分                                                                本机床电源由三相四线制380V50HZ动力电路供电，通过电源总开关QF0进入机床内部，再由两台变压器提供机床不同电压。            变压器TC1提供交流24V工作灯电源及可编程序控制器交流220V电源。                                                                    变压器TC2提供交流110V、交流28V电源。交流110V是控制电源，交流28V电源通过整流桥输出直流24V供给PC输出，继电器及电磁离合器电源。                                  3、交流电机控制                                                    本机床共有三台三相异步电动机 分别为主轴电动机、  进给电动机、冷却泵电动机。                                                        主轴电动机的工作主要由接触器KM1来控制。                    进给电动机的工作由接触器KM3、KM4来控制其正反转。            冷却泵电动机的工作由接触器KM2控制运行。       4、主轴运动的电气操作                                                本机床的主要操作集中在滑鞍前侧按钮、及右臂门上。操作时首先将电源总开关QF0合上，即进入工作准备状态，此时电源指示灯HL1亮，WJ1-20/10    上电，即可进行相应的操作。                        启动主轴时，首先将转换开关SA1转到主轴所需的旋转方向，然后按启动按钮SB3，接触器KM1接通，主轴正常启动。                停止主轴时，按停止按钮SB1，切断接触器KM1，并接通主轴制动器，主轴即停止转动。                                                当SA2选到锁紧位置时，主轴即可锁紧换刀。为了在变速时齿轮易于啮合，以免电动机转速过高打坏齿轮，需使主轴电机瞬时转动，此时按动主轴点动按钮SB5，通过PC控制使接触器KM1接触一次，主轴电机瞬时转动一下，然后通过转动变速手柄得到所预选的转速。                           5、进给运动的操作                                                        工作台的垂向、横向和纵向运动方式均由SA4选择，当SA4选在垂向位置时，按SB7工作台上升，按SB9工作台下降，按SB11停止。当SA4选在横向位置时，按SB7工作台向后运动，按SB9工作台向前运动。当按SB11时，工作台停止运动。垂向和横向两个方向的运动均由限位开关控制行程，由WJ1-20/10控制离合器YC3、YC4来实现。接触器KM3、KM4控制工作台的正反向。SA5控制控制横向制动器YC5，SA5选到手动位置时允许两向手动，SA5选到机动位置时只能一向手动。工作台纵向运动时，须将SA4选在纵向方向位置（中间档位），而操纵手柄通过连动机构与行程开关SQ5、SQ6相接触，手柄搬向右侧，工作台向右运动，手柄搬向左侧，工作台向左运动，手柄搬到中间位置时运动停止。                    工作时只有在主轴启动后，纵向才能进给，主轴未启动是纵向可进行快速进给。调整时，当主轴不启动而需工作台工作进给时，将SA1选在空档位，按SB3按钮后，做相应操作即可，操作完成后需按一下停止按钮SB1.                                                                                                                                    6、快速运动的操作                                                        主轴启动后，选择好进给的方向，工作台就按给定的方向以选定的速度运动。如需快速运动即可按下按钮SB13接通快速离合器YC1，并切断进给离合器YC2，工作台即可开始快速运动，放开SB13快速运动即刻停止，工作台仍以原进给速度运动。     7、冷却泵与机床照明电路                                            冷却泵电机开关SA3位置在机床右壁龛门上，将转换开关SA3选到接通位置，接触器KM2接通，冷却泵电机即启动，停止冷却泵时，将装换开关SA3选到断开位置，冷却泵电机即停止。   8    、机床故障保护                                                          当机床主轴电机，进给电机，冷却泵电机出现过载短路时，断路器QF1    、QF2、QF3断开，机床将停止工作。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     三、附图                                                                          1、机床外观图                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          二、机床电路图                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     结论