
题型有: 3. LANGUAGE USAGE
PART III LANGUAGE USAGE
The culture of the United States is a Western culture originally influencedby European cultures. It has been developed since long before the United【S1】______States became a country with its own unique social and cultural characteristics such as dialect, music, arts, social habits, cuisine and folklore. Today, the United States of America is an ethnically and raciallydiverse country in a result of large-scale immigration from many different【S2】______countries throughout its history. Its chief early influences came from English and Irish settlers of colonialAmerica. British culture, due to colonial ties to Britain that spread the【S3】______English language, legal system and other cultural inheritances, had a formal【S4】______influence. Other important influences came from other parts of westernEurope, especially Germany, France and Italy. Original elements also act a strong role, such as the invention of【S5】______Jeffersonian Democracy. Thomas Jefferson’s Notes on the State of Virginiawas perhaps the first influenced domestic cultural critique by an American【S6】______and a reactionary piece to the prevailing European consensus that America’s domestic originality was degenerate. Prevalent ideas and ideals whichevolved domestic such as national holidays, unique American sports, military【S7】______tradition and innovations in the arts and entertainment gives a strong sense of【S8】______national pride among the population as a whole. American culture includes both conservative and liberal elements,military and scientific competitiveness, political structures, risk take and free【S9】______expression, materialist and moral elements. Despite of certain consistent【S10】______ideological principles(Se. g. individualism, egalitarianism, and faith in freedom and democracy), American culture has a variety of expressions due to its geographical scale and demographic diversity.
1. 【S1】
正确答案:developed—developing
解析:句法错误,时态错误。从下文的since和句意可知,这里应该用现在完成进行时,故应使用现在分词developing。 知识模块:改错
2. 【S2】
正确答案:in一as
解析:词法错误,固定短语误用。as a result of意思是“作为……的结果”,此为固定搭配,故将in改为as。 知识模块:改错
3. 【S3】
正确答案:第二个to—with
解析:词法错误,介词误用。此处的意思是“由于与英国的殖民关系……”,tie with意思是“与……的关系”,故将to改为with。 知识模块:改错
4. 【S4】
正确答案:formal—formative
解析:词法错误,词义混淆。formal意思是“正式的”;formative意思是“形成的,潜移默化的”。根据句意应使用后者,故将formal改为formative。 知识模块:改错
5. 【S5】
正确答案:act—play
解析:词法错误,固定短语误用。play a role为固定搭配,意思是“扮演……的角色,发挥……的作用”,为抽象概念;act a role意为“(在戏剧等中)扮演角色”,为具体概念。此处句意为“原创元素也发挥了重要的作用”,故将act改为play。 知识模块:改错
6. 【S6】
正确答案:influenced—influential
解析:词法错误,词义混淆。该处词语修饰后面的domestic cultural critique,故应使用形容词influential,意思是“有影响的”。而influenced意思是“受影响的”,与句意不符,故将influenced改为influential。 知识模块:改错
7. 【S7】
正确答案:domestic—domestically
解析:词法错误,词类混淆。该处词语修饰前面的动词evolved,故应使用副词domestically。 知识模块:改错
8. 【S8】
正确答案:gives—give
解析:句法错误,主谓不一致。该句主语是prevalent ideas and ideals,为复数形式,故谓语动词应用动词原形give。 知识模块:改错
9. 【S9】
正确答案:take—taking
解析:句法错误,词类混淆。上文和下文中分别是political structures和free expression,均为名词性短语,故应将动词take改为动名词taking。 知识模块:改错
10. 【S10】
正确答案:of一去掉of
解析:词法错误,介词冗余。despite后面直接跟名词,意思是“尽管……”,故将介词of去掉。 知识模块:改错
In many countries, when people give their name, they refer to themselves using their last name or family name. In the United States,therefore, people generally refer to themselves using their first name: some【S1】______people even take “nicknames” , which can be related to their first name or【S2】______some event in their life. On the first day of class, professors will introduce themselves and will tell you how they’d like to be addressed. Americans pridethemselves in their individuality and independence. They express their【S3】______individuality in many ways, including clothing and decorating styles.American college students are learning to live like independent adults, and【S4】______they will make decisions about their living style, classes, and personal lifeindependent on their parents and family. Americans will speak bluntly,【S5】______discussing topics in the public that people from other cultures may find【S6】______embarrassing or controversial. College campuses are a place that many ideas【S7】______are discussed freely, and you may hear things that make you uncomfortable or offend you. It is important to know you can tell someone you do not wish to discuss a subject that makes you uncomfortable. Men and women in the United States often form friendships that have no romantic involvement. These friends will spend time together, go to the movies, and go out todinner alone or in groups. If the American of the opposite sex invites you to a【S8】______party or to dinner, it does not necessarily indicate romantic interest. It iscommon for people living far away to home to experience culture shock, but【S9】______this doesn’t have to spoil the experience. If you find yourself feel homesick,【S10】______call a friend at home or go to your school’s international student office to speak with an advisor.
11. 【S1】
正确答案:therefore—however
解析:篇章错误,衔接错误。根据上下文语义,上文表示很多国家的人在提及自己时多数用姓氏,而下文中则说,在美国很多人用名字。前后文的逻辑关系为转折,故应该用however。 知识模块:改错
12. 【S2】
正确答案:take∧—on
解析:词法错误,介词缺失。take on为固定搭配,其意思为“具有”,此处表示“甚至有些人还有昵称”,故加上介词on。 知识模块:改错
13. 【S3】
正确答案:in—on
解析:词法错误,固定短语误用。pride oneself on…为固定搭配,其意思是“以……为骄傲”,故将介词in改为on。 知识模块:改错
14. 【S4】
正确答案:like—as
解析:词法错误,介词误用。like意思是“像,如同”,而as意思是“作为,以……的身份”。根据句意,美国学生正在学习以一个的成年人的方式生活,故将like改为as。 知识模块:改错
15. 【S5】
正确答案:on一of
解析:词法错误,固定短语误用。independent of意思是“不依赖……,不受……的支配”,此为固定短语,故将介词on改为of。 知识模块:改错
16. 【S6】
正确答案:the一去掉the
解析:词法错误,冠词冗余。in public为固定搭配,意思是“公开地,当众”,故将定冠词the去掉。 知识模块:改错
17. 【S7】
正确答案:that一where
解析:句法错误,关系代词误用。该句为定语从句,先行词为place,在定语从句中充当地点状语,故将that改为where。 知识模块:改错
18. 【S8】
正确答案:第一个the一an
解析:词法错误,冠词误用。该句意思是“如果一个美国异性邀请你去参加一个聚会或晚宴”,并非特指某个美国人,故将定冠词the改为不定冠词an。 知识模块:改错
19. 【S9】
正确答案:第一个to一from
解析:词法错误,固定短语误用。far away from…意思是“距离……很遥远”,此为固定搭配,故将to改为from。 知识模块:改错
20. 【S10】
正确答案:feel一feeling
解析:词法错误,固定短语误用。find sb./sth.doing sth.表示“发现某人或某物处在某种状态或在做某事”。该句意思是“如果你发现自己很想家”,故将feel改为feeling。 知识模块:改错
