
I. Organizing the teaching
II. Revision Introduce the book II.
III. Lead to new lesson
Cultural Differences
We need to be aware that the ethnocentric attitudes of writers are precisely the way cultural conflict is encouraged. Why is understanding a culture always the others’ responsibility? It is not possible that each culture could be made aware of different conventions? Both sides must work at rising above cultural differences and be willing to compromise…and, in both cases, most likely neither side has access to the cultural conventions of the other so blaming is not the answer. Educating is.
Warm-up exercises
1. Why do Americans like visiting fast-food restaurants?
2. Do you like fast-food? If you do, what’s the reason for this liking?
3. Are you time-conscious? State your idea on time.
4. Life is fast-paced today. Besides eating fast-food, people also use different kinds of time-saving devices, such as: fax, e-mail and mobile phone. What do you think of these time-saving devices?
IV. New lesson
Key Vocabulary:
1.still: not moving, motionless, calm, quiet
The little girl kept still in her chair watching TV.
The lake is still today.
2.budget: v. plan the spending of (time, money, etc.)
Hans limited himself to a daily budget of $10.
Budget (sth.) for (sth.)
The government has budgeted $ 10000000 for education spending.
On a tight budget: having only a small amount of money
A family on a budget can’t afford meat every day.
The school budgeted one million dollars for a new library.
She is extremely busy, so she has to budget her time carefully.
3.sense: bring sb. to his senses
Perhaps it will bring him to his senses.
come to one's senses We hope he'll come to his senses and correct his mistakes.
in a sense You are right in a sense.
in one's right senses No one in his right senses would believe such a fantastic story.
make sense This sentence doesn't make sense.
make sense of Can you make sense of what this writer is saying?
no sense No sense in looking for the coin under the table, you won't find it there.
out of one's senses He must be out of his senses if he thinks I'm going to let him stay in my house.
talk sense He talked a great deal of sense.
4.pressure: at high pressure Sometimes he had to work at high pressure.
under the pressure of Under the pressure of the urgent circumstances, he had to resign.
5.abrupt adj. 1) (of behavior) rough 2) sudden and unexpected
eg. an abrupt attitude an abrupt change of policy an abrupt drop in oil prices
When I asked her about her new job, she was quite abrupt with me.
The meeting came to an abrupt end.
6.convention
(1) (C. n.) conference of members of a profession political party, etc.
hold a convention; a teachers’ / dentists’ convention
(2) (U. n.) general, usu unspoken, agreement about how people should act or behave in certain circumstances
Convention dictates that a minister should resign in such a situation. By convention the deputy leader is always a woman.
7.consequence
(1) (c. n.) thing that is a result or an effect of sth. be ready to take/suffer/bear the consequences of one’s actions have far-reaching consequences for the country’s economy
(2) (u. n.) importance It is of no consequence. Consequently adv. as a result; therefore
My car broke down and consequently I was late.
8.device (1) n. thing made or adapted for a special purposes
a device for measuring pressure, an explosive device.
(2) scheme; trick
Her illness is merely a device to avoid seeing him.
9.significance n. (1) (u. n.) meaning What’s the significance of a remark / this symbol?
(2) importance Few people realized the significance of the discovery.
Significantly adv. to an important or considerable degree Profits have risen significantly.
10.conduct (1) v. lead or guide (sb./ sth)
I asked the attendant to conduct him out / to the door.
(2) direct (sth., the performance of a piece of music),control; manage
He was appointed to conduct the advertising campaign.
Conductor n.
11.settle: settle down
Uncle George didn't settle down until he was nearly fifty.
settle for We reached the hotel late and had to settle for a room without a view.
settle in I haven't yet settled in in my new job.
settle on We must settle on a place to meet.
settle up He settled up with the waiter.
12.whereas conj. but, in contrast: while
Eg. Their country has plenty of oil, whereas/ while ours has none.
13.Compare: worth, worthy, worthwhile
worth It is worth (doing) sth.
worthy Sth. is worthy of + n. /being done /to be done(be worthy of: merit, deserve)
worthwhile It is worthwhile doing/to do sth.
Eg. The matter is worth consideration/considering.
The matter is worthy of consideration/being/to be considered.
It is worthwhile considering/to consider the matter.
1. fall behind:
1) become bit by bit further behind
2) (with) fail to finish at the proper time
Don't fall behind with your rent.
You are sure to fall behind the other students if you don’t work hard enough.
He didn't want to fall behind in his studies.
He could have finished it on schedule, but somehow he fell behind.
1) fall behind in science fall behind one’s competitors
2) fall behind with the rent
The student has been working hard for fear that he should fall behind.
I’m falling behind with my work; I must try to catch up.
2. result in: Eating too much often results in sickness.
Such behavior is likely to result in the manager's being dismissed.
Rich does not result in happiness.
Your diligence will absolutely result in great achievements.
result from sth.: occur as a result
He has injuries resulting from a fall.
Result in sth. :have a specified effect or consequence
Our effects resulted in success/failure.
| result in | have as a result; cause |
| result from | be caused by |
v.The accident resulted in the death of two people
v.Nothing has resulted from his efforts.
v .The child’s illness resulted from eating unclean food.
3. nothing but: Nothing but a miracle can save her life.
There is nothing but he can do. (=There is nothing that he can't do.)
Nothing but disaster would come from such a plan.
He did nothing but eat and sleep all day.
4. go with: Happiness doesn't necessarily go with money.
Do you think this hat would go with my new dress?
5. much less: I can hardly walk, much less run.
"I didn't even see him, much less speak to him."
much less (also still less) and even less likely
Eg. She wouldn’t take a drink, still/much less stay for dinner.
6. small talk: She loves to have some small talk with the neighbors.
7. at hand: I haven't my book at hand. He believes that the great day is at hand.
8. due to: Her absence was due to the storm.
due to sth./sb.: caused by sb./sth. because of sb. /sth.
The team’s success was Largely due to her efforts.
Due to/owing to /because of/ on account of
9. given (that) prep. taking into account
Notice that “given” is followed by a noun phrase, while “given that” is followed by a finite clause.
Eg. Given her interest in children, teaching should be the right career for her.
10. in one’s eyes: in the opinion or judgment of someone
Eg. The expert is always right in the eyes of everybody.
V. Exercises:
1.Listen and Talk
2. Discussion
1) Americans have a saying “Time is money.” How do you understand it?
2) In America, there’s another saying about time: “We are slaves to nothing but the clock.” How do you understand this saying?
VII. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing It
Central topic:
Time-conscious Americans (“Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor” Para. 1)
Structure Analysis:
Americans save time carefully. (Para. 1)
Americans’ attitude towards time and how they try to save time in daily life and in business (Paras. 2-7)
Time is a precious source.(Para. 2)
Americans save time in their daily life.(Para.3)
Americans save time in doing business. (Para.4)
Americans produce labor-saving devices in order to save time.(Paras.5-7)
It is taken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to solve a problem or fulfill a job successfully with speed in the US. (Para.8)
Stucture of the Text:
VI. Reading Sills:
1.Deduction organization
General statement: “Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor.”
Specific statements:
1) (Para. 3) In the US everyone seems to be in a rush in daily life, e.g. shopping, eating out, walking, driving a car, etc.
2) (Para. 4) Americans start talking business directly without opening exchanges.
3) (Paras. 5-7) Americans work hard at the task of saving time by producing a steady flow of labor-saving devices, e.g. faxes, phone calls, emails, etc.
Conclusion : (Para.8) It is taken as a sign of skillfulness or being
competent to solve a problem or fulfill a job with speed in the US.
2. Exemplification (Illustration)
Typical sentences:
1) (Para. 3) “City people always appear to be hurrying to get where they are going…Racing through daytime meals is part of life …You also find drivers will be abrupt and people will push past you.”2) (Para. 4) “Many new arrivals to the States will miss the opening exchanges of a business call, for example. They will miss the ritual interaction… They may miss leisurely business chats…”
3. Comparison & contrast
In order to make it clear that Americans are time-conscious, the text compares the different conventions of other countries (“new arrivals”) with the Americans’ attitude towards time.
1) (Para. 4) “Many new arrivals…will miss the ritual interaction that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be a convention in their own country… Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings…”
2) (Para. 6) “In some countries no major business is conducted without eye contact, requiring a face-to-face conversation. In America, too, a final agreement will be normally signed in person. However, people are meeting increasingly on television screens, …”3) (Para. 8) “Some new arrivals will come from cultures where it is considered impolite to work too quickly… In the US, however, it is taken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to solve a problem or fulfill a job successfully, with speed.”
4. Cause & effect
Typical sentences:
1) (Para. 3) “…Don’t take it personally. This is because people value time highly, and they resent someone else “wasting” it beyond a certain appropriate point.”
2) (Para. 4) “…Since we generally assess and probe professionally rather than socially, we start talking business very quickly. Time is, therefore, always ticking in our inner ear.”
3) (Para. 5) “Consequently, we work hard at the task of saving time…We, therefore, save most personal visiting for after-work hours or for social weekend gatherings.”
4) (Para. 7) “… This is due partly to the fact that the telephone service is superb here, whereas the postal service is less efficient.”
5) (Para. 8) “Unless a certain amount of time is allowed to elapse, it seems in their eyes as if the task being considered were insignificant, not worthy of proper respect. Assignments are, consequently, felt to be given added weight by the passage of time. ”
Specific details: ① teachers and pupils, specific meetings, discuss the protection of environment
②City planners, environmental problems, into consideration
③Factories, reduce pollution, at a high cost
Reason: bad air and water pollution affect everyone, cities to survive, businesses to make a profit
Other topics
⑴ Time is a precious resource.
⑵ Computers are of great use to our daily life
⑶ English is becoming more important.
VII.Homework
1. Finish the exercises in Section A. 2. Prepare for Section B.
