（一）句子种类两种分类法
1、按句子的用途可分四种：
1）__________：He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before.
2）_____________：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she?
3）___________：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class
4）___________：How clever the boy is!
2、按句子的结构可分三种：______句：______句：_______句：
1) e.g. He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
Summary: 只有一个____（或并列____）和一个____（或并列____）的句子是_______________。
2) e.g. You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
Summary:由________（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把_____或_____上的简单句连在一起构成的句子是____________。
3）e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.
He wanted to know when his father would come back.
The boy who is sitting behind Mr Smith is Xiao Ming.
Summary:含有_____或____以上从句的句子是_______。
（主从）复合句包含：_______从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、______从句和______从句。
（二）简单句包含六种基本句型，掌握这六种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。（注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。）
英语六种基本句型列式如下：
基本句型一： Ｓ +Ｖ （主＋谓）
基本句型二： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ （主＋系＋表）
基本句型三： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）
基本句型四： Ｓ +Ｖ +IO +DＯ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
基本句型五： Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
基本句型六： There be 结构 (There be +主+。。)
基本句型一 Ｓ +Ｖ（主＋谓）
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语等做状语。
| Ｓ | Ｖi （不及物动词） |
| 1. Time 2. The moon 3. He 4.They | flies . rose . is playing have gone |
练习 2. 请将下列句子进行适当的成份缩减。
1.Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.
2.The man who is sitting in the corner is reading an article about how to learn English.
3.After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town .
4.Every day the teacher gives me a piece of paper to practise my handwriting.
5.Peter was so excited when he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing
6.In order to attract the students’ attention in class, my English teacher always makes her class lively and interesting.
练习3. 改错
1.The girl dancing under the tree.
2. He wrote careful on the blackboard.
基本句型二 Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ（主＋系＋表）
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分以下几种：
1. be动词。 be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用，表状态；
2. look, feel, smell, taste, sound等属一类，表示感官；
3. get, grow, become, turn, go 等属另一类，表示变化；
4.其它系动词仍保持其部分词义:stay, prove, remain, stand
| Ｓ | Ｖ（是系动词） | Ｐ(表语) |
| 1. This 2. The dinner 3. He 4. He 5. His face | is smells(闻) felt is turned | an English dictionary. good. happy. tall and strong. red. |
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2. 用主系表结构描写你的父亲/母亲/
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3. 用主系表结构描写华山校园。（可以用There be 句型）
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4. Now it is autumn and you are in a orchard(果园)。 Use “look, sound, feel, smell, taste” to describe what you feel.
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5. You haven’t seen your friend for 5 years. Use “grow, become, turn, get” to describe his/her changes.
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6. Make sentences with “ stay/keep calm(镇定的), stay awake” and you have to give an situation/reason in your sentences. Eg. I stayed awake because it was noisy outside.
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7.找出下列句子中的错误
1) The teacher will here in a minute.
2) That can fun
3) The cake smells well.
基本句型三 Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）
此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。
| Ｓ | Ｖ（实义动词） | Ｏ(宾语) |
| 1. Who 2. She 3. They 4. I | knows laughed at ate want | the answer? her. some apples. to have a cup of tea. |
1.We should help _______.
2.I enjoy ________________.
3.He hates________________.
Exercise 2: Answer the following questions
1.What did you buy in the shop yesterday?
2.What do you always eat after supper?
3.What do you like best, football, basketball or volleyball?
基本句型四 Ｓ +Ｖ +IO +DＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
一些及物动词后可以跟两个宾语，这两个宾语常涉及一个人和一件物，人为间接宾语一般放在前面，物为直接宾语一般置后 。
eg: He gave his brother a new pen .
I’ll lend you some story-book.
而间接宾语置后时，要用一个介词to 或for . 用to的动词有 offer bring cost cause give leave lend pay pass promiss send show teach tell throw take turn refuse wish write
用for的有buy make order fetch do get save spare cook sing find
eg: Can you pass it to me ?
He bought some flowers for the nurse .
Can you spare me one minute?
| Ｓ | Ｖ（及物） | ｏ（多指人） | Ｏ（多指物） |
| 1. She 2. She 3. She 4. He
| passed cooked brought bought
| him her husband you her | a new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing.
|
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练习 2. Make 3 similar sentences with the words above the table(表格)
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基本句型五 Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
| Ｓ | Ｖ（及物） | Ｏ（宾语） | Ｃ（宾补） |
| 1. We 2. They 3. We 4. He 5. I | keep call saw asked saw | the table supper him me them | clean. dinner. out. to come back soon. getting on the bus. |
2) I find the teachers ________.
3) I find the meals in the school canteen(食堂) _________.
4) I feel English ________.
5) I see _______ _________.
6 )I hear ______ ________.
基本句型六: There be 句型
1. There a picture and a map on the wall.
2. There ___ many children on the hill.
3. There lots of flowers in our garden last year.
4. He ______ a good friend who is good at playing basketball.
5. They _____ some kites which are beautiful and colorful.
6. I _____ two eyes and one nose on my face.
Summary:
There be 句型表示_______________________________________________________________________________Have, has 表示______________________________________________________________________________
Exercises:
1. 餐厅里的桌子上有四杯咖啡。
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2. 他有三本物理书和一本英语书。
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附注
1.除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。下面以基本句型五（v+o+o.c）为例：
We found the hall full.
我们发现礼堂坐满了。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers.
我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.
我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。
翻译下列表达
1）The boy is reading under the tree.--------the boy reading under the tree
2) The old lady was killed in the accident.----the old lady killed in the accident
3) The girl is as nice as an angel. ------the girl as nice as an angel
4) The problem is so hard that none can answer it.---the problem so hard that none can answer it
2. 不同的动词使用的句型也不一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。以 get 为例：
He's getting angry. (S V P)
He got through the window. (S V O)
You'll get a surprise. (S V O)
He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O C)
He got himself into trouble. (S V O C)
He got her a splendid present. (S V 0 O)
3. 在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思:
I found the book easily. 我很容易地找到了这本书。S V O M）
I found the book easy. 我觉得这本书很容易。 （S V O C）
I have to do something. 我得做点事。 I have something to do. 我有点事做。
（三）并列句的分类
He had to come back home __he wanted some money.
Tears appeared in her eyes, ___ he didn’t notice it.
Spring came ____ the trees turned green.
She must be ill, ____ she didn’t come to school this morning.
He found nobody in the room, ____ he went away.
He is old, ____ he is still active in his work.
The composition is all right; _______, there is room for improvement.
He was very tired, ____ therefore he fell sound asleep.
We must hurry, ____ we’ll be late.
Either he is wrong ____ you are wrong.
He doesn’t know her,_____ do I.
Not only was my mother angry,_____ my father also.
Summary:由_________或_______把两个或两个以上、具有逻辑关系的简单句连
接为一体，就构成了__________。
1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用___________________________________
2、表示选择，常用的连词有_____________________________________等。
3、表示转折，常用的连词有_____________________________________等。
4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有_________________________________等。
(四)复合句的分类
主从复合句是由一个_____和一个或一个以上的_______构成。______为句子的主体,______只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能成为一个句子。______通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。
从句按其在复合句中的作用分为______________/_____________/__________/___________.
请把下列各组句子中功能相同但形句子的式却不同的两部分画出来，并分析它们都作什么成份，但有什么不同。
1、My desk-mate is a determined girl.
2、His son was born in 1997.
3、This is my thoughts.
4、The news upset me.
5、I can’t believe the fact.
’t believe that he cheated in the final exam.
6、I don’t agree to his suggestions.
’t agree to his suggestions that we should do extra work at weekends.
Test Yourself
1.以下是必修一第一单元中的一些句子，请用学过的句法知识，完成下列任务。
找出下列句子的主语
It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.
It is believed that the islands can be a paradise(天堂) when people live in peace.
找出下列句子的宾语
He can’t go until he finishes cleaning his bicycle.
Let your friend borrow the camera without saying anything.
Your friend asks you to help him cheat in the exam by looking at your paper.
Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942.
I still find it hard to make good friends with them.
找出下列句子的宾补
Your friend borrowed your camera and broke it. You had to pay to get it repaired.
Anne made her diary her best friend.
I shall call my friend Kitty.
找出下列句子的表语
The dog got loose and its leg was broken.
I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven.
I feel lonely.
找出下列句子的状语
While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose.
找出下列句子的定语
Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to?
I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows.
The land is for everyone who lives on it.
People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea.
找出下列句子的同位语
I want this diary itself to be my friend.
3. 请写一篇短文来描述华山高中部；要求用到简单句的五种基本结构
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~~ 一试身手~~
一：看看下列各个句子分别属于五种简单句中的哪一种
1. Our school is not far from my home.
2. All of us considered him honest.
3. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.
4. He broke a piece of glass.
5. Trees turn green when spring comes.
6. They pushed the door open.
7. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.
8.All the students think highly of his teaching www.rr365.com
9. He asked us to sing an English song.
10.We will make our school more beautiful.
11. He didn't come．That is why he didn't know．
12. Luckily the 19 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.
13. There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him．
14. Would you please pass me the cup?
15. Do you know the latest news about him?
16. I’ll get my hair cut tomorrow.
二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
I hope you are very well（ ）. I'm fine, but tired（ ）. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm（ ）. August is the hottest month here（ ）.It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（ ）Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（ ）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（ ）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（ ）. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（ ）. But he employs more men for the harvest（ ）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（ ）. It doesn't often rain in the summer here（ ）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden（ ）. Every evening we pump water from a well（ ）. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden（ ）.Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（ ）. These parties often make us very happy（ ）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（ ）. It's great（ ）! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion（ ）. Some of my friends drink beer（ ）. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party（ ）. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（ ）. There are five different time areas in the States（ ）. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（ ）. How many different time areas do you have in China（ ）? Well, I must stop and get some sleep（ ）. Please give my best regards to your parents（ ）.
高一衔接课—句子成分与句子分类
班级___________姓名 _____________
一、指出下列句子划线部分在句子中是什么成分：
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. Tom was elected monitor yesterday.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
9. He asked us to hand in the paper tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a scientist.
11. He managed to finish the work in time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. Phoebe was found alive.
14. Do you have anything else to say?
15. To be honest，your pronunciation is not so good.
16. Would you please tell me your address?
17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
二、判断下列句子是陈述句，疑问句 （一般、特殊、选择、反意），祈使句，还是感叹句：
1. Listen!
2. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?
3. What time do you go to school in the morning?
4. How excited the football fan looked!
5. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.
6. Never change your mind.
7. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it?
8. What a beautiful garden!
9. Does Jack enjoy country music or not?
10. Be careful next time!
三、 判断下列简单句属于五种基本类型的哪一种：
1.The weather has turned cold.
2.His job is to teach English.
3.She smiled happily.
4.He has caught a bad cold.
5.They painted their boat white.
6.Let the fresh air in.
7.We saw her entering the room.
8.He bought me a birthday gift.
9.Call me Joe.
10.Is this yours?
四、划出下面复合句中的从句，并判断其属于何种从句：
1.The truth is that he has never been abroad.
2.I think（that）he is fit for the job.
3.The man who is talking with Mary is a friend of mine.
4.Once you begin, you must continue.
5.I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.
6.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.
7.Have you ever seen a book whose cover is blue?
8.The question whether we should limit the number of cars in our city will be discussed in the meeting tomorrow.
9.She asked me where I lived.
10.Where the stranger comes from remains a secret to us.
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