
课后习题详解
内蒙古工业大学国际商学院
张 剑
二〇〇九年一月
第2章 线性规划的图解法
3.(1)标准形式
(2)标准形式
(3)标准形式
4.解:
(1)标准形式
7. 模型:
(1)x1=150,x2=150;最有目标函数值Z=103000。
(2)第2、4车间有剩余。剩余分别为:330、15,均为松弛变量。
(3)四个车间对偶价格分别为:50、0、200、0。如果四个车间加工能力都增加1各单位,总收益增加:50+0+200+0=250。
(4)产品1的价格在[0,500]变化时,最优解不变;产品2的价格在[4000,∞]变化时,最优解不变。
(5)根据(4)中结论,最优产品组合不变。
8. 模型:
(1)xa=4000,xb=10000,回报金额:60000。
(2)模型变为:
xa=18000,xb=3000。即基金A投资额为:18000*50=90万,基金B投资额为:3000*100=30万。
第3章 线性规划问题的计算机求解
第4章 线性规划在工商管理中的应用
第5章 单纯形法
1.可行解:a、c、e、f;基本解:a、b、f;基本可行解:a、f。
2.(1)标准形式:
(2)有两个变量的值取0。由于有三个基变量、两个非基变量,非基变量最优解中取0。
(3)解:
(4)将x1=s2代入约束方程组中可得:。
将对应的向量化作,即的排序是根据标准化后,对应向量中单位向量的位置而定的,两者为一一对应的关系。
(5)此解不是基本可行解。由于基本可行解要求基变量的值全部为非负。
3. (1)解:
(2)该线性规划的标准型为:
(3)初始解的基为:,初始解为:,此时目标函数值为:0。
(4)第一次迭代,入基变量为x2 ,出基变量为s3。
4. (1)单纯形法:
| 次数 | XB | CB | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | b | θ |
| 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| 0 | x3 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 7 |
| x4 | 0 | [4] | 2 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 7/4 | |
| z | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| σ | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 1 | x3 | 0 | 0 | 5/2 | 1 | -1/4 | 19/4 | |
| x1 | 4 | 1 | 1/2 | 0 | 1/4 | 9/4 | ||
| z | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 9 | |||
| σ | 0 | -1 | 0 | -1 | ||||
(2)图解法:
5. (1)解:
| 次数 | XB | CB | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | x6 | b | θ |
| 12 | 8 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| 0 | x4 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 20/3 |
| x5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 11 | |
| x6 | 0 | [12] | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 48 | 4 | |
| z | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| σ | 12 | 8 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 1 | x4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3/4 | 1 | 0 | -1/4 | 8 | 8 |
| x5 | 0 | 0 | 2/3 | 11/12 | 0 | 1 | -1/12 | 7 | 21/2 | |
| x1 | 12 | 1 | 1/3 | 1/12 | 0 | 0 | 1/12 | 4 | 12 | |
| z | 12 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 48 | |||
| σ | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | -1 | ||||
| 2 | x2 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 3/4 | 1 | 0 | -1/4 | 8 | 32/3 |
| x5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | [5/12] | -2/3 | 1 | 1/12 | 5/3 | 4 | |
| x1 | 12 | 1 | 0 | -1/6 | -1/3 | 0 | 1/6 | 4/3 | -- | |
| z | 12 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 80 | |||
| σ | 0 | 0 | 1 | -4 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 3 | x2 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 11/5 | -9/5 | 1/10 | 5 | |
| x3 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | -8/5 | 12/5 | 1/5 | 4 | ||
| x1 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | -9/5 | 2/5 | 1/5 | 2 | ||
| z | 12 | 8 | 5 | 3/5 | 12/5 | 21/5 | 84 | |||
| σ | 0 | 0 | 0 | -3/5 | -12/5 | -21/5 | ||||
(2)解:
| 次数 | XB | CB | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | x6 | b | θ |
| 1 | 2 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| 0 | x4 | 0 | 2 | 2 | -1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | -- |
| x5 | 0 | 1 | -2 | [2] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 4 | |
| x6 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 5 | |
| z | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| σ | 1 | 2 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 1 | x4 | 0 | 5/2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1/2 | 0 | 8 | |
| x3 | -1 | 1/2 | -1 | 1 | 0 | 1/2 | 0 | 4 | ||
| x 6 | 0 | 1/2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | -1/2 | 1 | 1 | ||
| z | -1/2 | 1 | -1 | -1 | -1/2 | 0 | -4 | |||
| σ | 3/2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1/2 | 0 | ||||
6. 解:
| 次数 | XB | CB | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | x6 | b | θ |
| 5 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | -M | |||||
| 0 | a1 | -M | 1 | 4 | 2 | -1 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 5/2 |
| x5 | 0 | 1 | -2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 16 | - | |
| z | -M | -4M | -2M | M | 0 | -M | -10M | |||
| σ | 5+M | 1+4M | 3+2M | -M | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 1 | x2 | 1 | [1/4] | 1 | 1/2 | -1/4 | 0 | 1/4 | 5/2 | 10 |
| x5 | 0 | 3/2 | 0 | 2 | -1/2 | 1 | 1/2 | 21 | 14 | |
| z | 1/4 | 1 | 1/2 | -1/4 | 0 | 1/4 | 5/2 | |||
| σ | 19/4 | 0 | 5/2 | 1/4 | 0 | -M-1/4 | ||||
| 2 | x1 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 2 | -1 | 0 | 1 | 10 | - |
| x5 | 0 | 0 | -6 | -1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | 6 | 6 | |
| z | 5 | 20 | 10 | -5 | 0 | 5 | 50 | |||
| σ | 0 | -19 | -7 | 5 | 0 | -M-5 | ||||
| 3 | x1 | 5 | 1 | -2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 16 | |
| x4 | 0 | 0 | -6 | -1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | 6 | ||
| z | 5 | -10 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | ||||
| σ | 0 | 11 | -2 | 0 | -5 | -M | ||||
7. (1)解:
| 次数 | XB | CB | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | b | θ |
| 3 | 12 | 0 | 0 | -M | |||||
| 0 | x3 | 0 | 2 | [2] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 11/2 |
| x5 | -M | -1 | 1 | 0 | -1 | 1 | 8 | 8 | |
| z | M | -M | 0 | M | -M | -8M | |||
| σ | 3-M | 12+M | 0 | -M | 0 | ||||
| 1 | x2 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 1/2 | 0 | 0 | 11/2 | |
| x5 | -M | -2 | 0 | -1/2 | -1 | 1 | 5/2 | ||
| z | 12+2M | 12 | 6+M/2 | M | -M | 66-5M/2 | |||
| σ | -9-2M | 0 | -6-M/2 | -M | 0 | ||||
将本解代入所有约束中发现,不满足约束2,所以本题无可行解。
(2)解:
| 次数 | XB | CB | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | x6 | x7 | x8 | b | θ |
| 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | M | M | M | |||||
| 0 | x6 | M | 2 | 1/2 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 5 |
| x7 | M | 1 | 1 | 0 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 8 | |
| x8 | M | [1] | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | |
| z | 4M | 3M/2 | -M | -M | -M | M | M | M | 20M | |||
| σ | 4-4M | 3-3M/2 | M | M | M | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 1 | x6 | M | 0 | 1/2 | -1 | 0 | [2] | 1 | 0 | -2 | 6 | 3 |
| x7 | M | 0 | 1 | 0 | -1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | -1 | 6 | 6 | |
| x1 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | - | |
| z | 4 | 3M/2 | -M | -M | 3M-4 | M | M | -3M+4 | 12M+8 | |||
| σ | 0 | 3-3M/2 | M | M | 4-3M | 0 | 0 | 4M-4 | ||||
| 2 | x5 | 0 | 0 | 1/4 | -1/2 | 0 | 1 | 1/2 | 0 | -1 | 3 | 12 |
| x7 | M | 0 | [3/4] | 1/2 | -1 | 0 | -1/2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 4 | |
| x1 | 4 | 1 | 1/4 | -1/2 | 0 | 0 | 1/2 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 20 | |
| z | 4 | 1+3M/4 | -2+M/2 | -M | 0 | 2-M/2 | M | 0 | 20+3M | |||
| σ | 0 | 2-3M/4 | 2-M/2 | M | 0 | -2+3M/2 | 0 | M | ||||
| 3 | x5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -2/3 | 1/3 | 1 | 2/3 | -1/3 | -1 | 2 | |
| x2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2/3 | -4/3 | 0 | -2/3 | 4/3 | 0 | 4 | ||
| x1 | 4 | 1 | 0 | -2/3 | 1/3 | 0 | 2/3 | -1/3 | 0 | 4 | ||
| z | 4 | 3 | -2/3 | -16/3 | 0 | 2/3 | 8/3 | 0 | 28 | |||
| σ | 0 | 0 | 11/3 | 16/3 | 0 | M-2/3 | M-8/3 | M | ||||
(4)解:
| 次数 | XB | CB | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | x6 | x7 | b | θ |
| 3 | 12 | 0 | 0 | -M | 0 | 0 | |||||
| 0 | x5 | -M | 4 | 2 | 2 | -1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 |
| x6 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 20 | 10 | |
| x7 | 0 | 4 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 16 | 4 | |
| z | -4M | -2M | -2M | M | -M | 0 | 0 | -4M | |||
| σ | 2+4M | 1+2M | 1+2M | -M | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 1 | x1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1/2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1/4 | 4 | |
| x6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | -1/2 | 12 | ||
| x7 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 1 | -1 | 0 | 1 | 12 | ||
| z | 2 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1/2 | 8 | |||
| σ | 4 | -3 | 0 | 0 | -M | 0 | -1/2 | ||||
由于存在非基变量检验数为0,所以本题有无穷多解。
第6章 单纯形法的灵敏度分析与对偶
1. (1)为非基变量,所以只要保证即可。。
(2)为基变量,所以有:
(3)为非基变量,所以只要保证即可。。
2. 解:第五章习题5(2)最终表为:
| 次数 | XB | CB | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | x6 | b | θ |
| 1 | 2 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| 1 | x4 | 0 | 5/2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1/2 | 0 | 8 | |
| x3 | -1 | 1/2 | -1 | 1 | 0 | 1/2 | 0 | 4 | ||
| X6 | 0 | 1/2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | -1/2 | 1 | 1 | ||
| z | -1/2 | 1 | -1 | 0 | -1/2 | 0 | -4 | |||
| σ | 3/2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1/2 | 0 | ||||
(2)为基变量,所以有:
(3)为非基变量,所以只要保证即可。。
3. (1)解:
(2)解:
(3)解:
4. 解:
| 次数 | XB | CB | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | x6 | b | θ |
| 1 | 2 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| 1 | x4 | 0 | 5/2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1/2 | 0 | 8 | |
| x3 | -1 | 1/2 | -1 | 1 | 0 | 1/2 | 0 | 4 | ||
| X6 | 0 | 1/2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | -1/2 | 1 | 1 | ||
| z | -1/2 | 1 | -1 | 0 | -1/2 | 0 | -4 | |||
| σ | 3/2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1/2 | 0 | ||||
(2)解:
(3)解:
5. (1)解:为基变量,所以有:
当时,在上述范围内。所以,最优解不变。
(2),。增加15个单位的原料不会使原最优解变化。原材料的对偶价格为1。即增加一个单位的原材料可使总收益增加1。原料价格为0.67元。所以,有利。
(3),。
(4)解:
由于检验数满足非正要求,最优解不变,所以不用修改生产计划。
(5)解:
此时生产计划不需要调节,由于新产品的检验数为0。
6. 答:均为唯一最优解,根据计算机输出结果显示,如果松弛变量或剩余变量为0且对应的对偶价格也为0,或存在取值为0的决策变量并且其相差值也为0时,可知此线性规划为无穷多组解。
7. (1)解:
(2)解:
8. (1)解:
(2)解:
9. 解:
| 次数 | XB | CB | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | x6 | b | θ |
| -1 | -2 | -3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| 0 | x4 | 0 | [-1] | 1 | -1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | -4 | |
| x5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 8 | ||
| x6 | 0 | 0 | -1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | -2 | ||
| z | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| σ | -1 | -2 | -3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 1 | x1 | -1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | |
| x5 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | ||
| x6 | 0 | 0 | [-1] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | -2 | ||
| z | -1 | 1 | -1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | -4 | |||
| σ | 0 | -3 | -2 | -1 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 2 | x1 | -1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | -1 | 0 | -1 | 6 | |
| x5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | ||
| x2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | -1 | 0 | 0 | -1 | 2 | ||
| z | -1 | -2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | -10 | |||
| σ | 0 | 0 | -5 | -1 | 0 | -3 | ||||
第7章 运输问题
1. (1)解:
最小元素法求初始调运方案:
| 销地 | ||||||
| 产地 | 甲 | 乙 | 丙 | 丁 | ||
| 1 | 250 | 50 | 300 | |||
| 2 | 400 | 400 | ||||
| 3 | 350 | 150 | 500 | |||
| 合计 | 400 | 250 | 350 | 200 | 1200 | |
| 销地 | |||||||
| 产地 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | u | ||
| 1 | [-5] | 250 | [0] | 50 | 300 | 0 | |
| 2 | 400 | [14] | [2] | [0] | 400 | -16 | |
| 3 | 0 | [7] | 350 | 150 | 500 | -3 | |
| 合计 | 400 | 250 | 350 | 200 | 1200 | ||
| v | 26 | 17 | 23 | 25 | |||
| 销地 | ||||||
| 产地 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||
| 1 | 0 | 250 | 50 | 300 | ||
| 2 | 400 | 400 | ||||
| 3 | 350 | 150 | 500 | |||
| 合计 | 400 | 250 | 350 | 200 | 1200 | |
| 销地 | |||||||
| 产地 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | u | ||
| 1 | 0 | 250 | [23] | 50 | 300 | 0 | |
| 2 | 400 | [6] | [12] | [14] | 400 | -11 | |
| 3 | [19] | [14] | 350 | 150 | 500 | -3 | |
| 合计 | 400 | 250 | 350 | 200 | 1200 | ||
| v | 21 | 17 | 23 | 25 | |||
(2)解:
初始调运方案为:
| 销地 | |||||||
| 产地 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 合计 | |
| 1 | 50 | 50 | 200 | 300 | |||
| 2 | 400 | 200 | 600 | ||||
| 3 | 350 | 150 | 500 | ||||
| 合计 | 400 | 250 | 350 | 200 | 200 | 1400 | |
| 销地 | |||||||
| 产地 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | u | |
| 1 | [12] | 50 | [23] | 50 | 200 | 0 | |
| 2 | 400 | 200 | [21] | [23] | [-2] | -2 | |
| 3 | [9] | [14] | 350 | 150 | [-3] | -3 | |
| v | 12 | 17 | 23 | 25 | 0 | ||
| 销地 | ||||||
| 产地 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
| 1 | 50 | 50 | 50 | |||
| 2 | 400 | 200 | ||||
| 3 | 350 | 150 | 150 | |||
| 销地 | |||||||
| 产地 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | u | |
| 1 | [12] | 50 | [20] | 200 | 50 | 0 | |
| 2 | 400 | 200 | [18] | [23] | [-2] | -2 | |
| 3 | [12] | [17] | 350 | 150 | 150 | 0 | |
| v | 12 | 17 | 20 | 25 | 0 | ||
| 销地 | ||||||
| 产地 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
| 1 | 100 | 200 | ||||
| 2 | 400 | 150 | 50 | |||
| 3 | 350 | 150 | ||||
| 销地 | |||||||
| 产地 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | u | |
| 1 | [12] | 100 | [22] | 200 | [2] | 0 | |
| 2 | 400 | 150 | [20] | [23] | 50 | -2 | |
| 3 | [10] | [15] | 350 | [25] | 150 | -2 | |
| v | 12 | 17 | 22 | 25 | 2 | ||
(3)解:新的运价表为:
| 销地 | ||||||
| 产地 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 合计 | |
| 1 | 21 | 17 | 23 | 25 | 300 | |
| 2 | 10 | 15 | 30 | 19 | 400 | |
| 3 | 23 | 21 | 20 | 22 | 500 | |
| 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 150 | |
| 合计 | 550 | 250 | 350 | 200 | 1350 | |
| 销地 | ||||||
| 产地 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
| 1 | 50 | 250 | 0 | 0 | 300 | |
| 2 | 400 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 400 | |
| 3 | 0 | 0 | 350 | 150 | 500 | |
| 4 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 150 | |
| 合计 | 550 | 250 | 350 | 200 | 1350 | |
2. 解:
运价表:
| 1 | 1, | 2 | 2, | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 合计 | |
| 1 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 300 |
| 2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 500 |
| 3 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 400 |
| 4 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 100 |
| 5 | M | 0 | M | 0 | 0 | 0 | M | 0 | 300 |
| 合计 | 150 | 150 | 150 | 100 | 350 | 200 | 250 | 150 | 1600 |
| 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 合计 | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 150 | 300 |
| 2 | 150 | 150 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 200 | 0 | 0 | 500 |
| 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 150 | 0 | 250 | 0 | 400 |
| 4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 300 |
| 合计 | 150 | 150 | 150 | 100 | 350 | 200 | 250 | 150 | 1500 |
| 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 合计 | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 150 | 0 | 0 | 150 | 300 |
| 2 | 150 | 150 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 150 | 0 | 0 | 500 |
| 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 150 | 0 | 250 | 0 | 400 |
| 4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 50 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 300 |
| 合计 | 150 | 150 | 150 | 100 | 350 | 200 | 250 | 150 | 1500 |
| 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 合计 | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 150 | 300 |
| 2 | 150 | 150 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 200 | 0 | 0 | 500 |
| 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 250 | 0 | 150 | 0 | 400 |
| 4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 300 |
| 合计 | 150 | 150 | 150 | 100 | 350 | 200 | 250 | 150 | 1500 |
| 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 合计 | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 150 | 150 | 300 |
| 2 | 150 | 150 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 150 | 0 | 0 | 500 |
| 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 300 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 400 |
| 4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 50 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 300 |
| 合计 | 150 | 150 | 150 | 100 | 350 | 200 | 250 | 150 | 1500 |
3. 解:运价表如下:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 合计 | |
| 1 | 600 | 660 | 720 | 0 | 3 |
| 1, | 660 | 720 | 780 | 0 | 3 |
| 2 | M | 700 | 760 | 0 | 4 |
| 2, | M | 770 | 830 | 0 | 2 |
| 3 | M | M | 650 | 0 | 2 |
| 3, | M | M | 715 | 0 | 3 |
| 合计 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 17 |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 合计 | |
| 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| 1, | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| 2, | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 3, | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 合计 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 17 |
| 甲 | 乙 | A | B | C | D | 合计 | |
| 甲 | 0 | 100 | 150 | 200 | 180 | 240 | 1600 |
| 乙 | 80 | 0 | 80 | 210 | 60 | 170 | 1700 |
| A | 150 | 80 | 0 | 60 | 110 | 80 | 1100 |
| B | 200 | 210 | 70 | 0 | 140 | 50 | 1100 |
| C | 180 | 60 | 110 | 130 | 0 | 90 | 1100 |
| D | 240 | 170 | 90 | 50 | 85 | 0 | 1100 |
| 合计 | 1100 | 1100 | 1400 | 1300 | 1600 | 1200 | 7700 |
| 甲 | 乙 | A | B | C | D | 合计 | |
| 甲 | 1100 | 0 | 300 | 200 | 0 | 0 | 1600 |
| 乙 | 0 | 1100 | 0 | 0 | 600 | 0 | 1700 |
| A | 0 | 0 | 1100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1100 |
| B | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1100 | 0 | 0 | 1100 |
| C | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1000 | 100 | 1100 |
| D | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1100 | 1100 |
| 合计 | 1100 | 1100 | 1400 | 1300 | 1600 | 1200 | 7700 |
| 甲 | 乙 | A | B | C | D | 合计 | |
| 甲 | 0 | 0 | 300 | 200 | 0 | 0 | 500 |
| 乙 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 600 | 0 | 600 |
| A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| B | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| C | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -100 | 100 | 0 |
| D | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 合计 | 0 | 0 | 300 | 200 | 500 | 100 | 1100 |
| 甲 | 乙 | A | B | C | D | 合计 | |
| 甲 | 0 | 0 | 45000 | 40000 | 0 | 0 | 85000 |
| 乙 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36000 | 0 | 36000 |
| A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| B | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| C | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9000 | 9000 |
| D | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 合计 | 0 | 0 | 45000 | 40000 | 36000 | 9000 | 130000 |
5. 解:运价表为:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 合计 | |
| A | 54 | 49 | 52 | 0 | 1100 | |
| B | 57 | 73 | 69 | 61 | 0 | 1000 |
| 合计 | 500 | 300 | 550 | 650 | 100 | 2100 |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 合计 | |
| A | 250 | 300 | 550 | 0 | 0 | 1100 |
| B | 250 | 0 | 0 | 650 | 100 | 1000 |
| 合计 | 500 | 300 | 550 | 650 | 100 | 2100 |
6. (1)最小元素法确定的初始调运方案为:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 合计 | |
| A | 8 | 7 | 4 | 15 |
| B | 3 | 5 | 9 | 25 |
| C | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| 合计 | 20 | 10 | 20 | 50 |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 合计 | |
| A | 15 | 15 | ||
| B | 10 | 10 | 5 | 25 |
| C | 10 | 10 | ||
| 合计 | 20 | 10 | 20 | 50 |
调整运输方案并求检验数:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 合计 | 1 | 2 | 3 | u | |||
| A | 8 | 7 | 4 | 15 | A | [10] | [7] | 15 | 0 | |
| B | 3 | 5 | 9 | 25 | B | 10 | 10 | 5 | 5 | |
| C | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | C | 10 | [-2] | [-6] | 2 | |
| 合计 | 20 | 10 | 20 | 50 | v | -2 | 0 | 4 | ||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | u | 1 | 2 | 3 | u | |||
| A | [4] | [1] | 15 | 0 | A | [6] | [3] | 15 | 0 | |
| B | 15 | 10 | [6] | -1 | B | 20 | 5 | [4] | 1 | |
| C | 5 | [-2] | 5 | -4 | C | [2] | 5 | 5 | -4 | |
| v | 4 | 6 | 4 | v | 2 | 4 | 4 | |||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 合计 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 合计 | |||
| A | 0 | 0 | 15 | 15 | A | 0 | 0 | 60 | 60 | |
| B | 20 | 5 | 0 | 25 | B | 60 | 25 | 0 | 85 | |
| C | 0 | 5 | 5 | 10 | C | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 合计 | 20 | 10 | 20 | 50 | 合计 | 60 | 25 | 60 | 145 |
(3)由于所有检验数大于0,所以存在唯一解。
(4)解:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 合计 | 1 | 2 | 3 | u | |||
| A | 8 | 7 | 4 | 15 | A | [10] | [7] | 15 | 0 | |
| B | 3 | 5 | 9 | 25 | B | 10 | 10 | 5 | 5 | |
| C | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | C | 20 | [-2] | [-6] | 2 | |
| 合计 | 30 | 10 | 20 | 60 | v | -2 | 0 | 4 | ||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | u | 1 | 2 | 3 | u | |||
| A | [4] | [1] | 15 | 0 | A | [4] | [3] | 15 | 0 | |
| B | 15 | 10 | [6] | -1 | B | 25 | [3] | [6] | -1 | |
| C | 15 | [-2] | 5 | -4 | C | 5 | 10 | 5 | -4 | |
| v | 4 | 6 | 4 | v | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 合计 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 合计 | |||
| A | 0 | 0 | 15 | 15 | A | 0 | 0 | 60 | 60 | |
| B | 25 | 0 | 0 | 25 | B | 75 | 0 | 0 | 75 | |
| C | 5 | 10 | 5 | 20 | C | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 合计 | 30 | 10 | 20 | 60 | 合计 | 75 | 0 | 60 | 135 |
第8章 整数规划
1.(1) (2)
(3)
第9章 目标规划
第10章 动态规划
1. 整个过程划分成4各阶段,设初始状态为
(1)K=4时:
| 阶段4 | |||
| 本阶段初始状态 | 本阶段各终点 | 到终点的最短距离 | 本阶段最优终点 |
| E | |||
| D1 | 3 | 3 | E |
| D2 | 4 | 4 | E |
| 阶段3 | ||||
| 本阶段初始状态 | 本阶段各终点 | 到终点的最短距离 | 本阶段最优终点 | |
| D1 | D2 | |||
| C1 | 3+2=5 | 4+5=9 | 5 | D1 |
| C2 | 3+7=10 | 4+4=8 | 8 | D2 |
| C3 | 3+5=8 | 4+4=8 | 8 | D1,D2 |
| 阶段2 | |||||
| 本阶段初始状态 | 本阶段各终点 | 到终点的最短距离 | 本阶段最优终点 | ||
| C1 | C2 | C3 | |||
| B1 | 5+6=11 | 8+3=11 | 8+5=13 | 11 | C1,C2 |
| B2 | 5+3=8 | 8+2=10 | 8+4=12 | 8 | C2 |
| B3 | 5+4=9 | 8+1=9 | 8+5=13 | 9 | C1,C2 |
| 本阶段初始状态 | 本阶段各终点 | 到终点的最短距离 | 本阶段最优终点 | ||
| B1 | B2 | B3 | |||
| A | 11+3=14 | 8+5=13 | 9+4=13 | 13 | B1,B2 |
2. 按项目将整个过程划分为3个阶段:
=分配给第K个项目到最后一个项目的资金。=4
=分配给第K个项目的资金。
;
(1)K=3时:
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
| 0 | 46 | - | - | - | - | 46 | 0 |
| 1 | - | 70 | - | - | - | 70 | 1 |
| 2 | - | - | 76 | - | - | 76 | 2 |
| 3 | - | - | - | 88 | - | 88 | 3 |
| 4 | - | - | - | - | 88 | 88 | 4 |
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
| 0 | 46+49=95 | - | - | - | - | 95 | 0 |
| 1 | 70+49=119 | 46+52=98 | - | - | - | 119 | 0 |
| 2 | 76+49=125 | 70+52=122 | 46+61=107 | - | - | 125 | 0 |
| 3 | 88+49=137 | 76+52=128 | 70+61=131 | 46+71=118 | - | 137 | 0 |
| 4 | 88+49=137 | 88+52=140 | 76+61=137 | 70+71=141 | 46+78=124 | 141 | 3 |
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
| 4 | 141+47=188 | 137+51=188 | 125+59=184 | 119+71=190 | 95+76=171 | 190 | 3 |
3. 按月将整个过程划分为4个阶段:
=为第K个月月初库存量。 =为第K个月的产量。
;
(1)k=4时
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
| 0 | - | - | - | 6.8 | - | 6.8 | 3 |
| 1 | - | - | 5 | - | - | 5 | 2 |
| 2 | - | 3.2 | - | - | - | 3.2 | 1 |
| 3 | 0.6 | - | - | - | - | 0.6 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
| 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1 | - | - | - | - | 15.8 | 15.8 | 4 |
| 2 | - | - | - | 14 | 14.2 | 14 | 3 |
| 3 | - | - | 12.2 | 12.4 | 12.6 | 12.2 | 2 |
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
| 0 | - | - | - | 22.4 | 23 | 22.4 | 3 |
| 1 | - | - | 20.8 | 21.6 | 20.8 | 20.8 | 2 |
| 2 | - | 19 | 19.4 | 19.8 | - | 19 | 1 |
| 3 | 16.4 | 17.6 | 18 | - | - | 16.4 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
| 0 | - | 25.2 | 25.6 | 25.8 | 25.2 | 25.2 | 1,4 |
最低成本:25.2。
4. 按产品划分阶段,则共有4各阶段。
=为装载第K钟产品前,还可以装载的重量。=为第K种产品的装载数量。
;;;
(1)k=3时
| 0 | 1 | 2 | |||
| 0 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1 | - | - | - | - | 0 |
| 2 | - | - | - | - | 0 |
| 3 | - | - | - | 180 | 0 |
| 4 | - | 180 | - | 180 | 1 |
| 5 | - | 180 | - | 180 | 1 |
| 6 | - | 180 | - | 180 | 1 |
| 7 | - | 180 | - | 360 | 1 |
| 8 | - | 180 | 360 | 360 | 2 |
| 9 | - | 180 | 360 | 360 | 2 |
| 10 | - | 180 | 360 | 360 | 2 |
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |||
| 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 3 | 0 | 140 | - | - | 140 | 1 |
| 4 | 180 | 140 | - | - | 180 | 0 |
| 5 | 180 | 140 | - | - | 180 | 0 |
| 6 | 180 | 140 | 280 | - | 280 | 2 |
| 7 | 180 | 320 | 280 | - | 320 | 1 |
| 8 | 360 | 320 | 280 | - | 360 | 0 |
| 9 | 360 | 320 | 280 | 420 | 420 | 3 |
| 10 | 360 | 320 | 460 | 420 | 460 | 2 |
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||
| 10 | 460 | 460 | 480 | 480 | 400 | 500 | 500 | 5 |
5. 按年划分成5各阶段。
=为年初完好的机器数量。=为第K年处于高负荷状态下工作的机器数量。
状态转移方程:
阶段指标函数:
最有指标函数:
(1)K=5时,
(2)K=4时
(3)K=3时
(5)K=1时
由于=125,代入。
6. 按工厂划分成4个阶段。
=第K期初剩余金额。=为第K期投入的金额。
状态转移方程:
阶段指标函数:
(1)K=4时
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||
| 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | - | 28 | - | - | - | - | - | 28 | 1 |
| 2 | - | - | 47 | - | - | - | - | 47 | 2 |
| 3 | - | - | - | 65 | - | - | - | 65 | 3 |
| 4 | - | - | - | - | 74 | - | - | 74 | 4 |
| 5 | - | - | - | - | - | 80 | - | 80 | 5 |
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||
| 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 0+28=28 | 18+0=18 | - | - | - | - | - | 28 | 1 |
| 2 | 0+47=47 | 18+28=46 | 39+0=39 | - | - | - | - | 47 | 0 |
| 3 | 0+65=65 | 18+47=65 | 39+28=67 | 61+0=61 | - | - | - | 67 | 2 |
| 4 | 0+74=74 | 18+65=83 | 39+47=86 | 61+28= | 78+0=78 | - | - | 3 | |
| 5 | 0+80=80 | 18+74=92 | 39+65=104 | 61+47=108 | 78+28=106 | 90+0=90 | - | 108 | 3 |
| 6 | 0+85=85 | 18+80=98 | 39+74=113 | 61+65=126 | 78+47=125 | 90+28=118 | 95+0=95 | 126 | 3 |
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||
| 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 0+28=28 | 25+0=25 | - | - | - | - | - | 28 | 0 |
| 2 | 0+47=47 | 25+28=53 | 45+0=45 | - | - | - | - | 53 | 1 |
| 3 | 0+67=67 | 25+47=72 | 45+28=73 | 57+0=57 | - | - | - | 73 | 2 |
| 4 | 0+= | 25+67=92 | 45+47=92 | 57+28=85 | 65+0=65 | - | - | 92 | 1,2 |
| 5 | 0+108=108 | 25+=114 | 45+67=112 | 57+47=114 | 65+28=94 | 70+0=70 | - | 114 | 1 |
| 6 | 0+126=126 | 25+108=133 | 45+=134 | 57+67=124 | 65+47=112 | 70+28=98 | 73+0=73 | 134 | 2 |
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||
| 6 | 0+134=134 | 20+114=134 | 42+92=134 | 60+73=133 | 75+53=128 | 85+28=113 | 90+0=90 | 134 | 0,1,2 |
7. 按照地区划分为3各阶段。
=第K期初可供分配的商店数。=为第K期投建的商店数。
状态转移方程:
阶段指标函数:
(1)K=3时,地区1
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||
| 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | - | 3 | - | - | - | - | 3 | 1 |
| 2 | - | - | 7 | - | - | - | 7 | 2 |
| 3 | - | - | - | 12 | - | - | 12 | 3 |
| 4 | - | - | - | - | 14 | - | 14 | 4 |
| 5 | - | - | - | - | - | 15 | 15 | 5 |
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||
| 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 0+3=3 | 5+0=5 | - | - | - | - | 5 | 1 |
| 2 | 0+7=7 | 5+3=8 | 10+0=10 | - | - | - | 10 | 2 |
| 3 | 0+12=12 | 5+7=12 | 10+3=13 | 14+0=14 | - | - | 14 | 3 |
| 4 | 0+14=14 | 5+12=17 | 10+7=17 | 14+3=17 | 16+0=16 | - | 17 | 1,2,3 |
| 5 | 0+15=15 | 5+14=19 | 10+12=22 | 14+7=21 | 16+3=19 | 16+0=16 | 22 | 2 |
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||
| 5 | 0+22=22 | 4+17=21 | 7+14=21 | 9+10=19 | 10+5=15 | 11+0=11 | 22 | 0 |
8. 按年划分成5个阶段。
为机器使用的年数。当年为更新费用,为使用年的机器维护费用。期初机器已使用的年数。本年机器是否更新。
(1)K=5时
| R | K | |||
| 1 | 5+13=18 | 6+0=6 | 6 | K |
| 2 | 5+13=18 | 8+0=8 | 8 | K |
| 3 | 5+13=18 | 11+0=11 | 11 | K |
| 4 | 5+13=18 | 18+0=18 | 18 | K,R |
| 5 | 5+13=18 | 18+0=18 | 18 | R |
| R | K | |||
| 1 | 5+12+6=23 | 6+8=14 | 14 | K |
| 2 | 5+12+6=23 | 8+11=19 | 19 | K |
| 3 | 5+12+6=23 | 11+18=29 | 23 | R |
| 4 | 5+12+6=23 | 18+21=39 | 23 | R |
| R | K | |||
| 1 | 5+12+14=31 | 6+19=25 | 25 | K |
| 2 | 5+12+14=31 | 8+23=31 | 31 | K,R |
| 3 | 5+12+14=31 | 11+23=34 | 31 | R |
| R | K | |||
| 1 | 5+11+25=41 | 6+31=37 | 37 | K |
| 2 | 5+11+25=41 | 8+31=39 | 39 | K |
| R | K | |||
| 1 | 5+11+37=53 | 6+39=45 | 45 | K |
9. 以周为单位划分成6个阶段。
(1)K=6时
,,,
(2)K=5时
(3)K=4时
(4)K=3时
(5)K=2时
(6)K=1时
最优策略为:在前4周如市价为500元时,立即购买。否则等待。在第五周市价为500或550时购买,否则等待。
10. 按月划分为3个阶段。
为期初有合格品;为期初无合格品。本期试制数量。
(1)K=3时
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||
| 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1 | 15 | 13.5 | 11.17 | 9.94 | 9.46 | 9.48 | 9.81 | 9.46 | 4 |
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||
| 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1 | 9.46 | 9.8 | 8.7 | 8.3 | 8.37 | 8.75 | 9.33 | 8.3 | 3 |
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||
| 1 | 8.3 | 9.03 | 8.19 | 7.96 | 8.14 | 8.59 | 7.96 | 3 |
11. 按月划分成4个阶段。期初库存。本期订货量。
(1)K=4时
(2)K=3时,
(3)K=2时,
(4)K=1时,
第一年出售200件,订货量900。第二年出售900件,订货量900。第三年出售900件,订货量900。第三年出售900件,订货量0。
12. 按分厂划分成3个阶段。期初剩余设备数。分到K分厂的设备数。;
(1)K=3时
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||
| 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | - | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | 1 |
| 2 | - | - | 5 | - | - | - | - | 5 | 2 |
| 3 | - | - | - | 9 | - | - | - | 9 | 3 |
| 4 | - | - | - | - | 8 | - | - | 8 | 4 |
| 5 | - | - | - | - | - | 8 | - | 8 | 5 |
| 6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 7 | 7 | 6 |
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||
| 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 0+2=2 | 4+0=4 | - | - | - | - | - | 4 | 1 |
| 2 | 0+5=5 | 4+2=6 | 6+0=6 | - | - | - | - | 6 | 1,2 |
| 3 | 0+9=9 | 4+5=9 | 6+2=8 | 7+0=7 | - | - | - | 9 | 0,1 |
| 4 | 0+8=8 | 4+9=13 | 6+5=11 | 7+2=9 | 8+0=8 | - | - | 13 | 1 |
| 5 | 0+8=8 | 4+8=12 | 6+9=15 | 7+5=12 | 8+2=10 | 9+0=9 | - | 15 | 2 |
| 6 | 0+7=7 | 4+8=12 | 6+8=14 | 7+9=16 | 8+5=13 | 9+2=11 | 10+0=10 | 16 | 3 |
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||
| 4 | 0+13=13 | 3+9=12 | 5+6=11 | 6+4=10 | 7+0=8 | - | - | 13 | 0 |
| 5 | 0+15=15 | 3+13=16 | 5+9=14 | 6+6=12 | 7+4=11 | 6+0=6 | - | 16 | 1 |
| 6 | 0+16=16 | 4+15=19 | 5+13=18 | 6+9=15 | 7+6=13 | 6+4=10 | 5+0=5 | 18 | 1,2 |
第11章 图与网络
1. 最短路问题,使用双标号法求解。
2. 设备更新问题,可转化成最短路问题求解。
首先建立路线图:Vij表示第i年购入的设备在第j年初更新的成本。
| Vij | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 1 | - | 0.5+0.3=0.8 | 0.9+1.1=2 | 1.2+2.6=3.8 | 1.4+4.6=6 |
| 2 | - | - | 1+0.3=1.3 | 1.3+1.1=2.4 | 1.5+2.6=4.1 |
| 3 | - | - | - | 1.5+0.3=1.8 | 1.7+1.1=2.8 |
| 4 | - | - | - | - | 2+0.3=2.3 |
则最有更新策略为:在第一年购入设备,在第三年更新。最低成本为4.8万元。
3. 最小生成树问题:
可得最小生成树为下图,最短总路线长度为18。
4. 这是一个最大流问题。
最大流为22。分别为:;;;。
5. 最小费用最大流问题。
(1)首先,求解最大流。
最大流为:5。
(2)求在达到最大流的前提下,最小的费用。
;;累计18;
;;18+10=28;
;;28+11=39。
第13章 存贮论
第15章 对策论
