翻译策略
1) 分句法
把原文中一个单词或短语译成句子,使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。或干脆把原文的一个句子拆开,译成两个或两个以上的句子。
例1 八月中旬,修理组人员在骄阳下工作。
译文: It was in mid-August,and the repair section operated under the blazing sun.(一个单句拆分成了一个并列复合句)
例2 他为人单纯而坦率。
译文: He was very clean.His mind was open. (一个单句拆分成两个简单句了)
例3 The mother might have spoken with understandable pride of her child.
译文: 母亲谈到她的孩子时,也许有自豪感,这是可以理解的。(形容词被拆开)
例4 I wrote four books in the first three years ,a record never touched before.
译文: 我头三年写了四本书,打破了以往的记录。(名词短语拆开)
2)合句法
把原文中两个或以上的简单句,主从复合句或并列复合句等译成一个单句。
例5 她已试了好几次,要帮他们另找一所出租的房子,结果并未成功。
译文:She had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success.(多个简单句合成一个单句)
例6 他们有遵守交通规则,机器出了故障。
译文:His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.(并列复合句合成一个单句)
例7 When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite.
译文:我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是出于礼貌。(主从复合句合成一个单句)
翻译练习
1._______________ (通过体育锻炼),we can always stay healthy.
2.According to the scientific research , _____________ (听音乐能使我们放松).Is this really true?
3.______________ (我们绝对不能)ignore the value of knowledge.
4.As is known to all, ______________ (假冒伪劣商品)harm the interests of consumers.
5.Faced with failure,some people can stand up to it, _____________ (从失败中汲取教训)and try hard to fulfill what they are determined to do.
答案及解析
1. By taking exercises
解析:通过锻炼,我们可以保持健康。其实这题答案不止一个。“锻炼”可以用名词也可以用动词短语。“通过”可以用by表示方式,through表示途径。 By taking exercises /Through exercises。往往by用于“by + doing”,而through后接名词哦。
2. listening to music enables us to feel relaxed
解析:“听音乐”在句中作主语,“听”应当处理成动名词形式。“能使我们放松”很多同学会采用 can make us feel relaxed的结构。其实,enable就有“能够使某人……”的含义,注意enable sb. to do 的表达。
3. On no account can we
解析:本题是强调语气,强调“决不能”,所以联想到on no account ,by no means,at no time,in no case等。不管用哪一个,都要注意它们是含有否定的意味的,因此在置于句首时应使用倒装语序。
4. fake and inferior commodities
解析:“假冒伪劣商品”包含两层含义:一是假货,二是次品,在翻译成英文的时候应该注意两层含义的正确译法。“假冒”不能用false而应选择fake,“次品”可以说inferior表示质量差,也可以用commodity of low quality。
5. draw useful lessons from it
解析:句意为:面对失败,有的人能够顽强抵抗,从中吸取教训,努力实现他们的目标。本句由三个并列的谓语成分构成,谓语动词分别是stand up to“汲取”和try。“汲取教训”正确表达为draw a lesson from。然而我们又能从全句判断,从失败中吸取教训是为了将来能够更好地实现目标,因此加上修饰语useful,使内容更明确。
翻译语序
1) 定语位置的调整
汉语的定语,无论是单用还是几个连用,通常都放在所修饰的名词之前。而在英语里,单词作定语时,一般放在所修饰的中心词之前,词组,短语和从句作定语时,则放在所修饰的名词之后。汉语的定语译成英语时,有的可能是单词,有的可能是短语,有的可能是从句。对这些成分的安排,要依据英语的语言习惯来处理。反之亦然。
例1 实现我国社会主义现代化是一项我们必须努力完成的任务。
译文: The socialist modernization of our country is a task that we must do our utmost to fulfill.
汉语中作"现代化"定语的"社会主义"在英语中只需要一个单词socialist 就可以表明,按照英语的习惯,放在所修饰的中心词modernization之前。但是原文中"我国"翻成英语就不是简简单单的一个词了,而是一个介词短语of our country,置于中心词"现代化"之后,成为后置定语。英译时,"任务"的定语"努力完成的"是一个从句that we must do our utmost to fulfil,按照英语习惯,应放在所修饰的中心词task之后。
例2 She was very happy to meet the artist who painted the picture.
译文: 她很高兴能够遇到那幅画的艺术家。
全句的宾语是"艺术家",英语里修饰the artist的成分在the artist之后,这是英语表达习惯所规定的。但是转换成汉语时,就必须把定语修饰成分提前到中心词"艺术家"之前。
2)状语位置的调整
汉语中状语习惯于放在主语之后,谓语之前。但有时为了强调也可以放在主语之前。英语中状语的位置要灵活得多。就单词状语而言,它可以位于句首,句中,句末。较长的状语常被置于句首或句末,句中的情况极少。因此,在汉英,英汉互译时,状语位置的变换调整极为复杂。
例3上星期五我们在那家新餐馆尽情地吃了一顿。
译文:We ate to our hearts content at the new restaurant last Friday.
原文中,"上星期五"放在句首,并且在"那家新餐馆"之前,而译文中却将时间状语和地点状语的位置颠倒了过来。这样一来,既准确地表达了原文意思,又符合了英文语序习惯。所以我们可以得出结论:英语里如果句子既有地点状语又有时间状语,一般地点状语在前,时间状语在后。汉语里则往往把它们置于句首或谓语前,而且通常时间状语在地点状语之前。
Exercise Five
1._______________ (他们没有去游泳),they went to play football that day.
2.There is no doubt that _____________ (需求的增长导致了价格的上涨).
3.He cannot win a good reputation,______________ (因为他多嘴多舌).
4.We have reasons to believe that, ______________ (一个更加光明美好的未来等着我们).
5.There are plenty of opportunities for everyone in our society,______________ (但是只有那些做好充分准备并且高度称职的人)can make use of them to achieve purpose.
1. Instead of going swimming
解析:原文中"没有"并不一定要对应成didn’t,这里我们可以使用instead of,使译文简洁明了,合乎英语习惯。采用正译法,用英语不带否定词的表达来代替中文的"没有去"。从本题及Exercise Two中的第二题我们可以得出结论:汉译英时,可以灵活变换句型,充分利用英语的否定或半否定语气的词语或结构,以便使译句符合英语习惯。从另一角度看,后半句英语没有出现表示转折含义的连接词(如but),因此They didn’t go swimming也是不成立的,不符合句法规范。
2. the increase in demand resulted in /caused the rise in prices
解析:考生要注意分清result from 和result t in的区别。result from指be caused by(由......产生),是指原因;result in指cause,lead to(导致......),是指结果。本题还有一个考点就是:做翻译时,应尽量照顾并行结构的前后一致,如:the increase in demand and the rise in prices。
3. because he has a loose tongue
解析:"多嘴多舌"显然有gossip的意思。因此我们在翻译时应先挖掘其深层含义,再用适当的英文表达出来。答案because he has a loose tongue看起来与原文并不对应,但却形象地讲内涵表达了出来。其他类似的翻译还有:a bitter tongue(刻薄嘴);a long tongue(快嘴);a rough tongue(粗鲁话);a sharp tongue(言语尖刻);a silver tongue(流利的口才);a smooth tongue(油嘴滑舌)。
4. we would have a better and brighter future
解析:本题意为:我们有理由相信,一个更加光明美好的未来等着我们。句子需填入部分特别容易被译成:a better and brighter future waits for us。这是因为受到了中文母语的干扰,思维被中文的语序牵着跑。如果这样译的话就会导致前后半句的主语发生转换,前面是we,后面是the future。这种转换在英文里就会显得非常突兀,不符合英文表达习惯。因此我们可以在汉译英稍作变通,将前后主语统一为"we"。本题还有一点考生要留意的是,是否能分清wait和await的使用区别。两者都表示"等待",wait是不及物动词,必须后接介词for;await是及物动词,可以后接人。
5. but only those who are prepared adequately and qualified highly
解析:本句考生特别容易译成:the prepared and the qualified。定冠词the加上形容词可以表示某一类人。the prepared and the qualified就指代"作了准备的人"和"有资格的人",但遗漏了原文中的"充分"和"高度"。由于原句的修饰部分内容很多,因此不适宜用"the +形容词"的结构来指代某一类人。对于这种情况我们可以采用"某一类人+后置定语"的方法。这样答案就是but only those who are prepared adequately and qualified highly。全句的意思是:在我们的社会里,人人都有许多机遇,但是只有那些作好充分准备并且高度称职的人才能利用机遇达到目的。
六级翻译练习题 希望能满足你的需求
1. _________________(我没有买到一张好票)for yesterday’s movie.
2. It’s confirmed that _______________(铁路将延伸到我们村子).
3. The new manager of our company _____________(有很强的事业心).
4. When I walked past his house,________________(我听见他在弹钢琴).
5. ________________(学生们应该从这里得出一条经验):Don’t be misled by false appearances.
答案解析:
1. I didn’t buy a good seat
2. the railway will be extended to our village
3. is a man of great enterprise
4. I heard him playing the piano
5. Students should draw a lesson here
1. We had better _________________(天天锻炼身体).
2. _______________(为了不影响他们),we left quietly.
3. _____________(我答复她)that I would accept her invitation.
4. According to the newly-announced policy,we should ____________(努力搞活国有大中型企业).
5. It has become an utmost urgency that ________________(必须清除中的贪污腐化现象).
答案解析:
1. take exercise everyday
2. Not to disturb them
3. I replied to her
4. invigorate the large
5. the administration must be cleaned of graft and corruption1. In the old society,five hundred million careworn people _________________ (生活在水深火热之中).
2. We think it most important that _______________(理论与实际相结合)
3. _____________(不论晴雨),we’ll have to go tomorrow.
4.This is ________________(正是要找的人)we are looking for.
5. Their income is ________________(一般家庭的3~5倍).
6. _________________(我没有买到一张好票)for yesterday’s movie.
7. It’s confirmed that _______________(铁路将延伸到我们村子).
8. The new manager of our company ___________(有很强的事业心).
9. When I walked past his house,________________(我听见他在弹钢琴).
10. ________________(学生们应该从这里得出一条经验):Don’t be misled by false appearances.
答案解析:
1. were plunged into a dire suffering
2. theory be combined with practice
3. Rain or shine
4. no other than the man
5. three to five times that of ordinary households
6. I didn’t buy a good seat
7. the railway will be extended to our village
8. is a man of great enterprise
9. I heard him playing the piano
10. Students should draw a lesson here1.
1 This is yet_________________ (两国人民的又一个共同点).
2. His scientific works _______________(在英语国家得到广泛阅读).
3. Revolution means the emancipation of the productive forces,_____________(改革也是生产力).
4.He is optimistic ________________(对现时信息产业的发展状况).
5.Work in all fields should be subordinated to and ________________(服务于经济发展的进程).
答案解析:
1. another common point between the people of our two countries
2. were widely read in English-speaking countries
3.and so does reform
4. about the present development of information industry
5. serve the economic development
1. _________________ (如果机器真的能像人一样会思考的话),there would be no more reason to fear them than to fear men..
2. When it is short of water,a plant _______________(一般用蒸发作为降温的手段).
3. He has never mixed with them or _____________(同他们坦城交流),but has demanded and generally received a respect due to his position and superior intelligence.
4.Your Math instructor would have been happy ________________(给你一次补考机会的)had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time.
5. ________________(随着孩子们在经济上出来)of the family,the emphasis on family financial security will shift from protection to saving for the retirement years.
答案解析:
1. If machines really thought as men do
2. normally uses evaporation as a means of cooling
3. spoken to them on equal terms
4. to give you a make-up examination
5. As the children become financially independent
1. We need not only be under various external pressures, but also _____________ (也要面对内心的困惑).
2. Would you _______________(愿意来参加我们的晚会)on Friday?
3. After the operation, _____________(他的身体很健康).
4.- Will you be going back home for the Spring Festival?
- ___________(当然啦).
5. ________________(我只发现了几个错误)in your composition.
答案解析:
1. to be in the face of the internal perplexities
2. come to our evening party
3. he is in good health/he's healthy
4. Sure/ Certainly
5. I found a few mistakes
1. _______________(青少年犯罪的主要原因是由于)that social environment is becoming worse.
2. The workmen think _______________(遵守安全规则很重要).
3. The new government was accused _____________(未实现其降低失业率的承诺).
4. Only with combined efforts,________________(我们才能期望不久有新的面貌).
5. Several thousands of quake-smitten inhabitants ________________(得到了充分的救济).
答案解析:
1. The main reason why juveniles commit crimes is
2. it crucial to abide by the safety regulations
3. of unfulfilling his promise to lower the unemployment rate
4. can we expect Taiwan to take a new face in due course
5. got plentiful relief from the government. It's believed that mixed-ability teaching can _______________(促使他们知识的积累和经历的丰富).
2. We _______________(使我们的行为符合别人的)based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation.
3. The class are very active. They ________________(争先恐后地回答问题).
4. Oxygen is ________________(一种能和许多物质化合的气体).
5. Mr. Smith is ________________(这次事故的目击者之一).
答案解析:
1. enrich their knowledge and experience
2. fit our actions to those of other people
3. vie with each other in answering questions
4. a gas which unites with many substances
5. one of those who have witnessed the accident
1. Man,no less than the lower forms of life,_______________(是演化过程的产物).
2. _______________(不止一个人觉察到)her agitation.
3. ________________(液体密度越大),the easier it is to float on it.
4. ____________(只有工人的要求得到满足)will they return to work.
5. Had ________________(要不是有水库)we'd never have been able to beat the drought.
答案解析:
1. is a product of the evolutionary process
2. More than one person has noticed
3. The denser a liquid is
4. Only when the workers' demands are satisfied
5. it not been for the reservoir
1. He works _______________(在倒数第二个办公室).
2. The beauty of the lake is _______________(难以用语言形容).
3. ________________(一个人如果关在家里),a person can't know much about the world.
4. _______________(完成作业后),they went to the library.
5. I found him ________________(被打得青一块紫一块)
答案解析:
1. in the last office but one
2. beyond description
3. Kept within houses
4. Having finished their homework
5. beaten black and blue
1. It was essential that _______________(我们在月底前签订合同).
2. _______________(家庭人口多好还是人口少好)is a very popular topic,which is often talked about not only by city residents but by farmers as well.
3. We must _____________(用一切可能的办法来帮助他们).
4. We ________________(尽情地吃了一顿)at the new restaurant last Friday.
5. To most of the travelers,________________(衣、食、住、行)are all important elements.
答案解析:
1. We sign the contract by the end of the month
2. Whether a large family is good or not
3. help them in every way possible
4. ate to our hearts' content
5. food,clothing,shelter,and transportation
. The murderer deserves _______________(被绞死).
2. _______________(他们来帮忙)encouraged me.
3. I was sorry ________________(没看上这部电影).
4. In this night,if we can make good use of time,_______________(当然毫无疑问地我们会成功).
5. The government should enforce laws strictly. On the other hand,the public also should __________(培养减少污染的好习惯).
1. hanging/ to be hanged
2. Their coming to help3. to have missed this film
4. there can surely be no doubt that we will succeed
5. develop the good habit of reducing pollution1.The doctor _______________(建议用一种新药来治疗这种病).
2. The two parties differ very sharply from each other ___________(在采取正确的补救办法的问题上).
3. An average student with average intelligence can be a top student ________________(只要仔细安排他/她的时间).
4. _______________(让世界发展如此之快的)is the modern science and technology.
5. A student must treasure his time and ________________(吸收尽可能多的知识)to lay a solid foundation for his future career.
答案解析 1. suggests treating the case with a new drug
2. over the correct remedies to apply
3. if he plans his/her time carefully
4. What makes the world develop so fast
5. absorb as much knowledge as he can
1. ______________(除非你和保险公司签订货物保险合同),you are not entitled to a repayment for the goods damaged in delivery.
2. ______________(据报道,这个地方卫生组织25年前就成立了)when Dr. Mark became its first president.
3. Mrs. Smith shut the window lest ______________(外面的噪音会影响她儿子的睡眠).
4. The new mayor was charged ______________(未能履行他降低通货膨胀率的承诺).
5. _____________(每当遇到这类问题时,我的大脑就一片空白),and I can hardly remember my own date of birth.
答案解析:1. Unless you sign a contract with the insurance company for your goods
2. It is reported that the local health organization was established 25 years ago/The local health organization is reported to have been established 25 years ago
3. the noise outside (should) interfere with her son's sleep
4. with failure to fulfill his promise to decrease the inflation rate
5. When confronted with such questions,my mind goes blank
1. We need not only be under various external pressures, but also _____________ (也要面对内心的困惑).
2. Would you _______________(愿意来参加我们的晚会)on Friday?
3. After the operation, _____________(他的身体很健康).
4.- Will you be going back home for the Spring Festival?
- ___________(当然啦).
5. ________________(我只发现了几个错误)in your composition.
答案解析: 1. to be in the face of the internal perplexities2. come to our evening party
3. he is in good health/he's healthy 4. Sure/ Certainly 5. I found a few mistakes
1.Everyone has his inherent ability ,________________ (只是很容易被习惯所掩盖)
2.The importance of traffic safety , _________________ (无论如何强调都不为过).
3.In my opinion , ______________ (打电动玩具既浪费时间也有害健康).
4.There is no doubt that ______________ (近视是一个很严重的问题)among the youth of our country.
5.According to my personal experience , ___________________ (微笑已带给我许多好处).
1. which is easily concealed by habits
解析:每个人都有与生俱来的能力,只是很容易被习惯所掩盖。本题的难点在于对动词"掩盖"的选择。这里的"掩盖"是抽象含义,并不是像 cover那样能找到真实的掩盖物,所以应该选择conceal,常用搭配由:conceal...from。另外,这句话是一个非性定语从句。句子需填补内容是对 ability的补充说明,"能力"是中心词。因此,要用which引导这个非性定语从句。
2. can’t be overemphasized / can’t be emphasized too much
解析:本句考查的是"再......也不为过的"的说法。英语句型是:cannot + do sth. + too much 或 cannot over-do,如:He is so excellent that we cannot praise him too much.(他是这样的优秀,我们怎样称赞他都不过分。)cannot是否定,与too much 和 over-V. 结构连用时强调肯定,表示"怎么......也不为过"。
3. playing video games not only takes much time but also does harm to health
解析:句子需填补部分的主语是"打电动玩具",虽然"打"是动词,但根据全句结构我们需要将play处理成动名词形式充当主语。此外,考察"不仅......还"的句型。"浪费时间"除了答案表达之外也可以用waste time 。
4. near-sightedness is a serious problem
解析:There is no doubt that后接从句,从句里应有完整的主谓宾结构。如:There is no doubt that the thief jumped into the room from the balcony in the second floor.(毫无疑问,小偷是从二楼的阳台跳进来的。) "近视"还可以说成myopia 或 short sight 。
5. smile has done me a lot of good
解析:本题考察"带给某人很多好处"的表达。我们知道"对某人有好处"可以说成do good to sb. 或do sb. good,依此类推,"给我带来很多好处"就是:do a lot of good to me或do me a lot of good 。
1. _________________ (如果机器真的能像人一样会思考的话),there would be no more reason to fear them than to fear men..
2. When it is short of water,a plant _______________(一般用蒸发作为降温的手段).
3. He has never mixed with them or _____________(同他们坦城交流),but has demanded and generally received a respect due to his position and superior intelligence.
4.Your Math instructor would have been happy ________________(给你一次补考机会的)had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time.
5. ________________(随着孩子们在经济上出来)of the family,the emphasis on family financial security will shift from protection to saving for the retirement years.
1. If machines really thought as men do
解析:本题意为:如果机器真的能像人一样会思考的话,那么就没有理由害怕它们,如同没有理由害怕人类一样。考查的是虚拟语气的用法。如果所述与现在事实相反,那么虚拟条件句的从句谓语部分用过去时态,主句谓语部分用would/could/might/should+动词原型。如果所述与过去事实相反,则从句谓语用过去完成时态,主句谓语用would/could/might/should+动词现在完成时态。如果所述与将来事实相反,则从句谓语用 should/were to+动词原型,主句谓语用would/could/should/might+动词原型。本题属第一种。
2. normally uses evaporation as a means of cooling
解析:本题主要考查考生的词汇量。“蒸发”和“降温”可以分别用evaporation,cooling。cool本来是形容词“凉爽的,酷的,好的”,作为动词可以表示降温。本句可译为:在缺乏水分时,植物一般用蒸发作为降温的手段。
3. spoken to them on equal terms
解析:本题在理解上有一定难度,首先要看懂全句意思:他从来没有同它们亲密来往,或是同它们坦诚交流,但由于他的地位和高人一筹的聪明才智,他要求、也通常赢得了他们的尊敬。“同他们坦诚交流”的“坦诚”英语里没有一个对应词,只有用短语来表示。on equal terms是一个习惯用语,表示“平等相处”。另外,句子需填入部分还要注意前后时态一致。前半句用的是He has never…而…or…暗示前后是并列结构,所以“交流”也应用完成时态。
4. to give you a make-up examination
解析:要看出本题是一个虚拟语气句,had you gone and explained…是由于省略了标记词if而部分倒装。“补考”在英文里有固定搭配make-up examination。make up表示弥补、整理、和解、不足等。make-up暗含“补救”的意思。而这句话没有必要译成to give you a chance of make-up examination,因为这样在语义上就犯了重复的错误。这句话完整的意思是:如果你去向他解释你父母那时生病了,你的数学老师会乐于给你一次补考机会的。
5. As the children become financially independent
解析:本题考查的是“随着……”状语从句,英语可以用as引导。另一个考点是汉语动词词性向英语形容词词性的转换。全句意为:随着孩子们在经济上从家庭中出来,家庭经济保障的重心将从保护转移到为退休后的生活储蓄。
1._______________ (他们没有去游泳),they went to play football that day.
2.There is no doubt that _____________ (需求的增长导致了价格的上涨).
3.He cannot win a good reputation,______________ (因为他多嘴多舌).
4.We have reasons to believe that, ______________ (一个更加光明美好的未来等着我们).
5.There are plenty of opportunities for everyone in oursociety,______________ (但是只有那些做好充分准备并且高度称职的人)can make use of them toachieve purpose.
1. Instead of going swimming
解析:原文中 “没有”并不一定要对应成didn’t,这里我们可以使用insteadof,使译文简洁明了,合乎英语习惯。采用正译法,用英语不带否定词的表达来代替中文的“没有去”。从本题及ExerciseTwo中的第二题我们可以得出结论:汉译英时,可以灵活变换句型,充分利用英语的否定或半否定语气的词语或结构,以便使译句符合英语习惯。从另一角度看,后半句英语没有出现表示转折含义的连接词(如but),因此They didn’t go swimming也是不成立的,不符合句法规范。
2. the increase in demand resulted in /caused the rise in prices
解析:考生要注意分清result from 和result in的区别。resultfrom指be caused by(由……产生),是指原因;result in指cause,leadto(导致……),是指结果。本题还有一个考点就是:做翻译时,应尽量照顾并行结构的前后一致,如:the increase in demandand the rise in prices。
3. because he has a loose tongue
解析:“多嘴多舌”显然有gossip的意思。因此我们在翻译时应先挖掘其深层含义,再用适当的英文表达出来。答案because he has a loose tongue看起来与原文并不对应,但却形象地讲内涵表达了出来。其他类似的翻译还有:abitter tongue(刻薄嘴);a long tongue(快嘴);a rough tongue(粗鲁话);a sharptongue(言语尖刻);a silver tongue(流利的口才);a smooth tongue(油嘴滑舌)。
4. we would have a better and brighter future
解析:本题意为:我们有理由相信,一个更加光明美好的未来等着我们。句子需填入部分特别容易被译成:abetter and brighter future waits forus。这是因为受到了中文母语的干扰,思维被中文的语序牵着跑。如果这样译的话就会导致前后半句的主语发生转换,前面是we,后面是 thefuture。这种转换在英文里就会显得非常突兀,不符合英文表达习惯。因此我们可以在汉译英稍作变通,将前后主语统一为“we”。本题还有一点考生要留意的是,是否能分清wait和await的使用区别。两者都表示“等待”,wait是不及物动词,必须后接介词for;await是及物动词,可以后接人。
5. but only those who are prepared adequately and qualified highly
解析:本句考生特别容易译成:the prepared and thequalified。定冠词the加上形容词可以表示某一类人。the prepared and thequalified就指代“作了准备的人”和“有资格的人”,但遗漏了原文中的“充分”和“高度”。由于原句的修饰部分内容很多,因此不适宜用 “the+形容词”的结构来指代某一类人。对于这种情况我们可以采用“某一类人+后置定语”的方法。这样答案就是but only those who areprepared adequately and qualifiedhighly。全句的意思是:在我们的社会里,人人都有许多机遇,但是只有那些作好充分准备并且高度称职的人才能利用机遇达到目的。
1. We had better _________________(天天锻炼身体).
2. _______________(为了不影响他们),we left quietly.
3. _____________(我答复她)that I would accept her invitation.
4. According to the newly-announced policy,we should ________________(努力搞活国有大中型企业).
5. It has become an utmost urgency that ________________(必须清除中的贪污腐化现象).
1. take exercise everyday
解析:考生如果按照字面将此句翻译成train our body everyday,那么就完全不符合英文表达习惯。虽然train有锻炼、训练、培养之意,但一般用于train horses,train the football team,train athletes等,不能说train one's body,"锻炼身体"的习惯译法是:do/take exercise。
2. Not to disturb them
解析:本题主要从两个方面考察同学们对基础知识的掌握。一是"影响"的正确选词;二是不定式作目的状语的否定用法。"影响"在这里不能选用influence,因为influence表示一种影响人和事或导致事件发生的力量,具有感化力。而本句从意思来看应该是为了不打扰别人,所以应该选用disturb。虽然汉语表述上都是"影响",但译成英文时要联系上下语境来分析。不定式作目的状语时,否定用法只需要在不定式前加否定词not即可。
3. I replied to her
解析:本题主要考查词义辨析。"答复"在英文里可以选用reply和respond,reply是比较正式的书面用于,有时也可以用于口头或行动上的应答,表示正式而且经过考虑过后的回答,指答复对方论点或问题等,侧重于答复的内容。Respond是比较正式的用语,往往对表示号召、职责、请求等作出相应的答复或反映。如:他没有对我的问题作出任何反应。(He didn't respond to my question.)
4. invigorate the large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises
解析:很多考生会把"努力搞活"翻译成endeavor to invigorate,try our best to invigorate。其实,"搞活"企业就必须付出"努力","努力"和"搞活"之间存在意义重叠。Invigorate已经包括"努力使活跃"的含义,因此没必要将两个中文单词都翻译出来。另外,大家要记住"国有企业","外资企业"(overseas-funded enterprises),"合资企业"(joint venture)的英文译文。
5. the administration must be cleaned of graft and corruption
解析:本题既考查了无主句的转换,又考查了抽象词的省译,还考查了固定短语搭配。句子需填入部分没有给出主语,"贪污腐化现象"不可能自己清除自己,因此最佳方案是译成被动句式;"贪污腐化"本身就是一种现象,英文不能重复译成the phenomena of graft and corruption;"清除"的常用搭配有:be eliminated from,be cleared away from,be cleaned of,be cleaned out,be weeded out。
(2)
1. _______________(青少年犯罪的主要原因是由于)that social environment is becoming worse.
2. The workmen think _______________(遵守安全规则很重要).
3. The new government was accused _____________(未实现其降低失业率的承诺).
4. Only with combined efforts,________________(我们才能期望不久有新的面貌).
5. Several thousands of quake-smitten inhabitants ________________(得到了充分的救济).
1. The main reason why juveniles commit crimes is
解析:要正确翻译此句需要了解两点。第一,运用"......的原因是由于"的英语句型The reason why...is that...。在汉语句型里往往可以重复使用"因为"这个词,而英语只能用一次。第二,"青少年犯罪"叫做juveniles commit crimes,不能用young children,如:juvenile books(青少年读物);juvenile fashions(青少年的时装)。
2. it crucial to abide by the safety regulations
解析:本题考查了think it important/necessary/crucial/enjoyable...to do sth. 的表达。"安全规则"可以译成safety regulations/rules,"遵守"可以用以下词汇或词语:abide by,observe,stand to。
3. of unfulfilling his promise to lower the unemployment rate
解析:本题意为:新因未实现其降低失业率的承诺而被控诉。由于题干已经给出...was accused,那么译文必须采用be accused of doing的结构。"未实现"不能用unrealize,unrealize是指"使不真实,使不实在",用unfulfil更准确。To lower the unemployment rate作后置定语修饰promise。
4. can we expect Taiwan to take a new face in due course
解析:本句意为:唯有通力合作,我们才能期望不久有新的面貌。由于句子是由only with开头,后半句必须采用倒装形式。另外,"期望......"通常用"expect+that+从句"或"expect+to+V."结构。"呈现出新面貌"的惯用表达是:to take a new face/to take a new look."不久"的说法较多:in the coming future;before long;by and by;soon;in due course。
5. got plentiful relief from the government
解析:首先肯定的是,本句时态要用一般过去时,因为从中文谓语部分可知这是对过去事实的描述。"充分的"在这里是表示"数量大的,供应丰富的",所以不能选用表示程度的adequate;而abundant通常用在be abundant in短语中使用,如:be abundant in petroleum deposits(石油储量丰富);这里可以选用plentiful,sufficient."救济"是指public assistance,表示来自公共的物质援助。固定短语people on relief就是专门指接受救济的人。
(3)
1. It was essential that _______________(我们在月底前签订合同).
2. _______________(家庭人口多好还是人口少好)is a very popular topic,which is often talked about not only by city residents but by farmers as well.
3. We must _____________(用一切可能的办法来帮助他们).
4. We ________________(尽情地吃了一顿)at the new restaurant last Friday.
5. To most of the travelers,________________(衣、食、住、行)are all important elements.
1. We sign the contract by the end of the month
解析:当表示愿望,要求,命令等含义的形容词如advisable,appropriate,better,best,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,incredible,insistent,natural,necessary,obligatory,preferable,proper,ridiculous,strange,surprising,urgent,vital出现在形式主语句中时,从句要用虚拟语气。"签订合同"英语固定说法是sign the contract。"在月底前"要用by the end of,而不是at the end of。
2. Whether a large family is good or not
解析:如果按照中文顺序逐一翻译就会得出译文Whether a large family is good thing or a small family is a good thing,这并没有语法错误,但不符合英语表达习惯。"家庭人口多好还是少好"可以理解为:家庭人口多是好事?还是坏事?所以这里我们可以采用反译法,将"还是人口少好"转移为汉语意思为"(人口多是好)还是不好"的英文表达--or not,使译文简洁明了,避免罗嗦。
3. help them in every way possible
解析:本题最有可能出现的译文是:use very possible way to help them。这样译文不能说错,但不是最间接、最好的翻译。英语里,通常把方式状语放在谓语部分之后,所以可得出译文:help them in every possible way。原句"可能"出现在被修饰语"办法"之前。根据英文习惯,"可能"的对应词possible应该放在所修饰的中心词way之后,所以有了最终译文:help them in every way possible。
4. ate to our hearts' content
解析:本题让考生们困扰的是如何翻译"一顿"这个量词。其实,"一顿"是汉语特有的量词表达,是对"吃"这个动作的补充说明。"在那家新餐馆吃"就暗含了"吃了一顿"的含义。英语里没有"一顿"的对应词。一般来说,可以不译,不影响全句意思的表达。"尽情地"是个固定搭配,可译成:to one's heart's content或to the top of one's bent。
5. food,clothing,shelter,and transportation
解析:本题要求考生熟悉汉英习语在转移时的异同。有些汉语习语在转移成英语时不需要变换位置。如:日日夜夜(day and night);但也有一些需要改变前后顺序,如:新旧(old and new);水火(fire and water);田径(track and field);钢铁(iron and steel);(rich and poor);血肉(flesh and blood)。请注意本题中哪些词语的英译改变了顺序。
(4)
1. It's believed that mixed-ability teaching can _______________(促使他们知识的积累和经历的丰富).
2. We _______________(使我们的行为符合别人的)based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation.
3. The class are very active. They ________________(争先恐后地回答问题).
4. Oxygen is ________________(一种能和许多物质化合的气体).
5. Mr. Smith is ________________(这次事故的目击者之一).
1. enrich their knowledge and experience
解析:本题考查合译法,"积累"与"丰富"可以共用一个英语动词enrich,而enrich的前缀en-有"使......(怎么样)"的含义,如:encircle(圈住);endanger(使危险);enfranchise(使自治)。因此,"促使"可以省略不译。本句如果译成can cause the accumulation of their knowledge and the abundance of their experience也没有错,但行文复杂。六级汉译英虽然没有具体的字数要求,考生也应该在准确翻译的前提下尽量使语言精炼。
2. fit our actions to those of other people
解析:本题意为:我们是基于一贯的评价和理解来使我们的行为符合别人的。"使......符合"可以直接用动词fit,而本句最容易出错的地方在于如何理解"别人的",实际上,"别人的"是"别人的行为"省略。但是在翻译成英语时必须补齐"行为"才能避免意思含混。因此,不能译成fit our actions to other people。
3. vie with each other in answering questions
解析:本题考查固定短语"争先恐后"可以译成strive to be the first或vie with each other,vie是不及物动词,一般与with连用,表示"与某人竞争做某事"。另外,本题The class are very active的集合名词class指代班级成员因而谓语用复数。如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数,如:This class is very large. It consists of 90 students.
4. a gas which unites with many substances
解析:本题主要考查"物质"的词义辨析。matter和substance侧重抽象的物质或某一事件;substance指某种质地、形体、特征或重要性的东西,侧重某个实体,如:a mineral substance(矿物);Salt is a substance we use in cooking.(盐是我们做菜时用的东西。)
5. one of those who have witnessed the accident
解析:本题考查句型be one of... 与be the only one of...的辨析。但one前面有the only修饰时,从句中的谓语动词用单数,如:She is the only one of the girls who shows special aptitude in singing and dancing.(她是这些女孩子中唯一在歌舞方面有特长的人。)
(5)
1. Man,no less than the lower forms of life,_______________(是演化过程的产物).
2. _______________(不止一个人觉察到)her agitation.
3. ________________(液体密度越大),the easier it is to float on it.
4. _______________(只有工人的要求得到满足)will they return to work.
5. Had ________________(要不是有水库)we'd never have been able to beat the drought.
1. is a product of the evolutionary process
解析:单数名词+with,together with,along with,as well as,accompanied by,no less than,rather than,in addition to,instead of,including,besides等+名词结构作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Man在这里是个单数概念,指全人类,因此句子谓语部分要用单数is。再如:A technician,along with some young workers,is working on the design.(技术员正在和一些青年工人一道搞设计。)本题全句意为:人类,同生命的低级形式一样,是演化过程的产物。
2. More than one person has noticed
解析:many a或more than one所修饰的名词作主语时,谓语动词必须用单数。所以句子需填入部分谓语译成has,又由于"觉察到"暗示了动作已经发生,因此用完成时态。但是,考生要注意的是:如果more than one后面又出现了thousand,hundred等,动词就要用复数,如:More than one thousand graduates have responded to the Party's call and gone to work in the border regions.(一千多名毕业生响应党的号召,到边疆工作去了。)
3. The denser a liquid is
解析:本题考查的是"the+adj.比较级,the+adj.比较级"的结构,表示"越......越......"。The denser在句中充当表语。当表语前置,主语和系动词用正常语序即可。当前置的表语为形容词词组、介词短语等,主语和系动词就要倒装。如:To north of the town was little village,where I spent my childhood in happiness.(在这个小城镇的北边有一个小村庄,我在那儿幸福地度过了我的童年。)
4. Only when the workers' demands are satisfied
解析:本题考查only修饰的状语放在句首,主谓要倒装。Will they return to work已经给出暗示。此外,only+副词,only+介词短语置于句首,主谓也要倒装。如:Only with the aid of telescope can he observe the celestial bodies.(只有借助望远镜,他才能观测到天体。)值得注意的是:如果句首only修饰的是主语,则不需要倒装。如:Only Tom has been to the small island once before.(只有汤姆以前去过那个小岛一次。)
5. it not been for the reservoir解析:由于句首已经给出Had,那么这里就是考查虚拟语气省略if引起的主谓倒装。由主句时态可知,从句情况与过去事实相反,因此用过去完成时态。另外,如果句首倒装的条件句含有否定词not,且had提前,一般不可使用省略式n't,而应将not置于条件句之后。本题意为:若不是有水库,我们绝不能战胜干旱。