英语四级完形填空模拟

Mars is not, it seems, the dry old planet we once believed it to be. Astronauts who are __1__ to go there in the next decade may find plenty __2__ water to slake (消除) their thirst.

And with water present the __3__ of finding some sort of life on Mars are __4__ brighter.

This is the view of 40 __5__ all over the world who have been analyzing __6__ of pictures and other scientific __7__ obtained by robot explorers in the sixties and seventies.

To begin with scientists thought the Red Planet was as __8__ as the Moon with dust storms swirling over vast sandy __9__. But now the picture is very different with mountains and valleys carved by __10__ glaciers and torrential rivers rushing and rumbling deep underground.

In a report on the __11__ of the Martian pictures Dr. Michael Car of the US Geological Survey comments: "I am __12__ there's lots of water on Mars. " Any surface water will be in the __13__ of ice. But it could save explorers __14__ to take so much fresh __15__ with them.

The report says __16__ Mars probably had a warmer climate in ages __17__ due to its axis having been more steeply tilted towards the Sun.

__18__ convincing signs of plant or animal life have been __19__ by instruments soft landed on Mars, __20__ only the immediate vicinity (靠近) of landing vehicles could be examined.

1. A) expected B) hoped C) required D) eager

2. A) to B) of C) more D) in

3. A) chances B) openings C) occasions D) opportunities

4. A) quite B) very C) much D) more

5. A) biologists B) geologists C) sociologists D) psychologists

6. A) lots B) quantities C) thousand D) thousands

7. A) tidings B) news C) intelligence D) information

8. A) peaceful B) quiet C) lifeless D) dead

9. A) deserts B) mountains C) seas D) rivers

10. A) energetic B) great C) massive D) mighty

11. A) diagnosis B) syntheses C) analysis D) analyses

12. A) convinced B) guaranteed C) believed D) proved

13. A) appearance B) mould C) form D) shape

14. A) taking B) having C) conveying D) carrying

15. A) water B) ice C) food D) vegetable

16. A) what B) if C) how D) that

17. A) pass B) past C) ago D) before

18. A) Not B) No C) Nor D) Never

19. A) detected B) touched C) seen D) felt

20. A) probably B) perhaps C) supposed D) although

Test 8

本文介绍了40位地质学家通过研究分析火星图片和机器人探测到的科学信息所得出的看法：火星不同于之前所认为的地形同月亮一样简单，相反它的地表地形多种多样，地质活动频繁，并且火星上可能有冰的存在，但是探测器没有发现生命存在的迹象。

1. A. expect sb. to do sth.指“期待某人做某事”，常常用于被动语态，最符合本题题意。C）require sb. to do sth.意思是“命令某人做某事”，是正式用语，若用在这里显得语气过重，D）be eager to do指“渴望做某事”，不符合句意，B）hope 指“希望”，但是它不能用于宾语+不定式做宾补的格式，故A正确。

2. B. plenty of是固定词组，指“足够的、大量的”，后面接不可数名词或者可数名词的复数形式，A) plenty to后接动词原形，实际上是不定式做定语修饰Plenty, C) plenty more是固定词组，意思是“还有许多”，但它所接名词如果在前面已出现过，则plenty more后面不应再重复，D）plenty in不是固定搭配。

3. A. B) opening主要指“职位空缺，有利的环境”，C）occasion指“社交上从事某活动的合适时机”，

A)chance和D）opportunities均指“做某事而必需的实际环境”，但chance还表示“可能性的程度”，故最佳选择为A）。

4. C. 四个选项中，只有C）much可用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级，表示比较的程度。

5. B. geologists地质学家，A)biologists生物学家，C）sociologists社会学家，D）psychologists心理学家，根据上下文。研究火星的应该是地质学家。

6. D. lots of 和quantities of均是“许多的、大量的”，但是用在这里不如thousands of（许许多多的，成千上万的）更形象具体，更加能够表达“极多、相当多”的意思，故选D。

7. D. 尽管information和intelligence都有“消息、情报”的意思，且都是不可数名词，但科技情况或消息通常用scientific and technological information表达，而市场信息、军事情报等多用intelligence表示，本题句意为：这是40位地质学家的看法，他们一直在分析成千上万的火星图片和六、七十年代机器人探测到的科学信息。

8. C. 根据上下文，这一段主要讲了科学家们起初以为火星上的地形同月球上一样单一而缺少变化，但实际上火星表面地形多种多样，地质运动相当活跃，lifeless意为“死气沉沉的、枯燥乏味的”，且与第二段的life形成对照，最符合文章内容。

9. A. 这是一道判断推理题，据前文的dust storms和very sandy，可推知这里应选一个表“较荒凉、多风沙”的词，因此，答案为A)desert “沙漠”。

10. D. mighty在这里指“强有力的，强大的”，相当于powerful，用来修饰glaciers（冰河），意指“水流的强大冲击力”。A）energetic精力旺盛的，B)great伟大的、巨大的，C）massive重大的、大块的、常含有“沉重而坚硬”的意思。

11. C. analysis分析、分解，是可数名词，是英语中的外来词，它的复数形式是analyses，A）diagnosis诊断、判断，多用于诊断疾病，其复数形式是diagnoses，B）syntheses是synthesis的复数形式，意为“综合”。从文章内容来看，最符合题意的是C。

12. A. convinced“使相信；说服；信服”，I am convinced…意为“我被说服相信……”，B)guarantee和C）believe一般不用于被动语态，D）proved与文意不搭配，不能说“我被证明……”。

13. C）在这里，form指“形态、物体存在的方式”。题意为：任何表面水都将以冰的形式存在。其他三个词：

A)appearance外表、外观，B）mould铸模、模子，D）shape外形、形状，与句意都不吻合。

14. B. save sb. from doing sth.是固定搭配的动词短语，意为“省去（某人的劳力）”，from可以省略。原文中在explores后面省略了from，句意为：……它却可能使探险家们省的自己带那么多的水，动词carry是及物动词，不与不定式to take搭配，且语意上与take重复，也可排除D选项。因此，答案为B，意为“不得不”。

15. A. 解这道题的关键在于理解句子的意思。联系上下文。可看出该句意为：由于火星上可能有冰的存在，所以宇航员便不必携带大量的淡水了。因此，这道题的答案为water。

16. D. say作及物动词讲时，后面可接由从属连词that引导的宾语从句，本句需填一个从属连词引导宾语从句，B）if的主句谓语动词多是ask, don’t know, doubt等，一般不为say。A)项what不是从属连词；C)项how是副词，表方式、方法等，因此，D）是唯一选择。

17. B. in ages past是固定搭配，“很久以前、在过去”。又比如in time past指“好久以前、在过去”。Past在这里做形容词。

18. B. no作“没有、全无”讲时是形容词，既可用在单数前面，又可用在复数前面，且可用在句首。A）not是副词，后接可数名词时要用not a; C）nor是连词，常与neither连用，不能用在名词前作定语；D）never是副词，用在句首，加强语气，但句子应用倒装形式。

19. A. 联系上下文可知，此句意为在火星上软着陆的仪器没有发现令人信服的生命存在的迹象，因此选A）detect “发现、察觉”。

20. D. although在这里引导状语从句，意为“尽管、虽然”，该句意为：……尽管只有接近着陆工具附近的区域才能被检查到。

Test 7

Silence is unnatural to man. He begins his life with a cry and __1__ it in stillness. In the __2__ he does all he can to make a noise and there are few things of which he stands in more fear than the __3__ of noise. Even his conversation is in great measure a desperate attempt to __4__ a dreadful (糟透的，讨厌的) silence. If he is introduced to someone, and a number of __5__ occur in the conversation he regards himself as a failure and is full of __6__ of the empties-headed chatterbox. He knows that 99% of human conversation means no more than the buzzing (嗡嗡声) of a fly, but he __7__ to join in the buzz, and to __8__ that he is a man and not a wax-work figure.

The __9__ of a conversation is usually not to communicate ideas, but to __10__ up all the buzzing sound. __11__, most buzzing is agreeable to the ear, and some of it is agreeable to the __12__. A man would be very __13__ if he waited until he had a wise thought before taking part in the buzzing with others. Those who despise (鄙视，看不起) the weather as a conversational __14__ seem to me to be __15__ of the reason why human beings wish to talk. __16__, very few human beings join in a conversation in which they are __17__ allowed to go on making a noise into other people’s ears, though they have nothing to tell them __18__ that they have seen two or three new plays or __19__ they have had bad food in a Swiss hotel. At the end of the evening during which they have said nothing meaningful __20__ immense length they congratulate themselves on their success as talkers.

1. A) ends B) finishes C) consumes D) renews

2. A) interpretation B) interval C) process D) life

3. A) disturbance B) avoidance C) presence D) absence

4. A) cause B) make C) prevent D) forbid

5. A) interruptions B) mistakes C) intervals D) pauses

6. A) envy B) hatred C) love D) anger

7. A) longs B) thinks C) dislikes D) agrees

8. A) mean B) find C) say D) prove

9. A) meaning B) object C) topic D) obligation

10. A) get B) turn C) keep D) take

11. A) Fortunately B) Unfortunately C) Surprisingly D) Terribly

12. A) mentality B)spirit C) mind D) belief

13. A) sensible B) insensitive C) foolish D) wise

14. A) opening B) vacancy C) hole D) content

15. A) ignorant B) conscious C) aware D) regardless

16. A) Therefore B) Accordingly C) However D) Furthermore

17. A) completely B) totally C) luckily D) merely

18. A) except B) for C) in D) besides

19. A) which B) how C) if D) that

20. A) with B) at C) to D) towardTest 7

本文讲述声音对人类的意义，人们总是尽力发出声音来避免可怕的沉寂。虽然大部分谈话没有实际意义，甚至被其他人认为是无聊的嗡嗡声，但是人们还是想加入谈话来证明自己是一个人，而不是物品。当然也不是所有的谈话都是没有意义的，有些谈话也能够引起思想的共鸣。

1. A. 短语end in为固定搭配，意为“以…结束”。该句意思是“人的一生在啼哭中开始，在静寂中结束”，在句中begins对应的应为ends“结束”，故选项A）为正确答案。B)finishes “完成”，C) consumers “消费、消耗”，D) renews“使获得新生，更新”放在此处均不符合文意。

2. B. 该句意思是在人从生到死之间的整个中间阶段，只有B) interval “间歇、间隙”符合此意。A) interpretation “解释”，C）process“过程”，D）life“生命”均不符合上下文。

3. D. 此句话从正反两个方面论述了声音的存在对于人类的重要性：前半句表明人类在一生中总是在尽力要发出声音，而后半句指出很少有事物能够像沉寂（the absence of noise）一样引起人类的恐惧。故D)absence “缺席，不存在”为正确答案。A）disturbance“、喧嚣”B) avoidance “避免”C) presence “出席、到场”放在此处均与文意不符。

4. C. 此句话的意思是“在很大程度上人类谈话就是想竭力避免可怕的沉寂”。In great measure意为“在很大程度上、多半”。由此可见，C）prevent“阻止、阻碍”是正确答案。A）cause“使产生、使发生”B）make“创造、引起”D）forbid“禁止、不许”均与文意不符。

5. D. 这句话的意思是“在一个人被介绍认识他人时，如果在交谈过程中出现多次中断，则此种情况会令他感觉自己很失败”。A)interruptions“打断”是指被迫中止，B）mistakes“错误”与文意无关，C）intervals“间歇、暂停”，D) pauses“暂停”指的是声响的暂时中止，符合此处文意。

6. A. 该句是说因多次交谈中断而感觉失败时，谈话者会嫉妒那些哪怕是毫无思想的话匣子。故选项A)envy“嫉妒”正确。B) hatred憎恨，C）love热爱，D）anger激怒均与文意不符。

7. A. 这句话是说，人们明白99%的谈话不过是像苍蝇的嗡嗡声一样没有意义，但是他还是想加入这种谈话当中。固定搭配long to“渴望、盼望”正符合该句意思。B)thinks认为 C）dislikes不喜欢，D）agrees “同意”均与文意不符。

8. D. 此处是说尽管明白很多谈话毫无实际意义，但是人们还是想加入谈话，其目的是为了证明他是一个人，而非没有生命的蜡制品。选项A）mean意味着，B）find发现，C）say说都不符句意。

9. B. 根据上文可知，人类很多谈话并无实际意义，可推测出该句是说“通常人们交谈的目的并非是为了交流思想”，B)object目的、目标为正确答案。A）meaning意义，C）topic话题，D）obligation责任、义务，放在此处均与上下文不符。

10. C. 此处是说人们谈话的目的不是为了交流思想，而只是为了持续保持一种声音而已。固定搭配keep up意为“保持、继续”，故为正确答案。Get up站起来、起床，turn up出现，take up占用、参与，放在文中均不符合文意。

11. A. 根据上下文，虽然人类的很多交谈并无意义，但是幸运的是，大部分谈话还是悦耳的。这显然是在说人们谈话的好的方面，故选A）fortunately幸运地。B) Unfortunately不幸地，C) surprisingly 令人吃惊地，D) terribly 恐怖地、可怕地均与文意相反，故不入选。

12. C. 根据文意，人类的大部分谈话是悦耳的，并且有相当部分的谈话对思想有益，即声音并不仅是一种单纯的声响，而且还会引起思想（mind）的共鸣。选项A) mentality智力、精神，B) spirit精神、灵魂，D）belief信仰放在此处均与文意不符。

13. C. 上文指出，人类的大部分谈话并无实际意义，如果一个人非要等到产生了明智想法之后才参与到别人的交谈中，这种做法无疑是可笑的和愚蠢的，故C）foolish可笑的、愚蠢的为正确答案。A）sensible明智的、可觉察到的，B）insensitive粗鲁的、愚钝的，D）wise明智的均与文意不符。

14. A. 作者在此进一步表明自己的观点，他认为人们不必等到产生了睿智伟大的思想之后才开口说话，因而在他看来，那些鄙视把谈论天气作为谈话伊始的人们似乎并不了解人们之所以想要交谈的原因。Conversational opening 意为“谈话的开端、开场白”，这里指人们常常以谈论天气作为谈话的开始。B) vacancy空白、空隙，C)hole洞穴明显不合文意，D）content内容、要旨放在此处虽无语法错误，但结合上下文，显然A)opening最适合文意。

15. A. 结合上述对14题的分析，此处应选A)ignorant无知的。B）conscious意识到的、感觉到的，C） aware意识到的、明白的，与文意相悖，D）regardless不顾、不论显然不合文意。

16. C. 根据上下文，这句话的意思是“但是，很少有人参加只允许他们向别人发出无意义噪音的谈话”。即谈话者希望自己的谈话不仅仅只是发出声音，同时还要agreeable to the mind。所以，这里所需要的是一个表示转折意义的副词。选项A) therefore“因此”表示因果关系，B) accordingly相应地也是表示因果关系，D）furthermore “更进一步来讲”表示递进关系，都不合文意。故选C) however。

17. D. 根据上文，可知若仅仅只是被允许制造某种声音，则大部分人会不屑于参加这种交谈。故选择D) merely只是、仅仅。A)completely完全地、绝对地，B）totally完全地，C）luckily幸运地均不合文意。

18. A. 选项D 首先就可排除，except，in和so后面都可跟that 从句，但意思各不相同：except that除……外，in that 因为，而so that表示目的或结果是……,只有except用在这里与上下文相符。

19. D. 此处that引导的从句与前面的“that they have seen two or three new plays”同为介词except的宾语。

20. B. at length是一个固定搭配，意为“详细地、充分地”，这句话的意思是“晚会结束的时候，他们因自己的喋喋不休地谈论无聊的事情而庆祝自己是成功的交谈者”。

Test 6

Have you ever felt trapped in a job you hate? __1__ you are ready to move forward and find a more fulfilling position, career transition (过渡，变迁) specialist Gregg Taylor has a few __2__ to help deal with the emotional side of __3__ your job.

When writing your resignation letter, keep it short and __4__ the point. Express your gratitude for the __5__ and state your resignation date. "You don't need to __6__ them much, "says Taylor. "Keep things as simple as possible, and as quiet as possible. "

Keep the details to yourself. It will lessen any tension from the time you __7__ in your resignation letter until the day you leave. __8__, be sure to complete any __9__ you are working on. This is just good __10__ and common sense for everybody, __11__ if you plan on asking for a reference. Use up any __12__ vacation time and sick days.

__13__ and location are key. Taylor suggests booking a conference room to break the __14__ to your boss. A neutral __15__ will give you a better chance of __16__ your boss' reaction. Taylor also suggests conducting the meeting in the morning, early in week. This gives your boss time to __17__ from the news.

Give your employer appropriate notice. "They may not be __18__ about your leaving, but they will __19__ being given enough notice to find your __20__ and for you to assist in training the new person," says Taylor.

1. A) If B) Because C) Until D) Although

2. A) plans B) warnings C) tips D) comments

3. A) finding B) improving C) finishing D) leaving

4. A) to B) on C) at D) in

5. A) process B) experience C) choice D) resignation

6. A) thank B) tell C) impress D) give

7. A) fill B) end C) take D) hand

8. A) Indeed B) Therefore C) Also D) However9. A) project B) form C) scheme D) report

10. A) deeds B) manners C) intentions D) relations

11. A) especially B) specifically C) finally D) surely

12. A) relaxing B) rewarding C) refreshing D) remaining

13. A) Timing B) Date C) Period D) Chance

14. A) silence B) record C) promise D) news

15. A) setting B) attitude C) position D) opinion

16. A) predicting B) controlling C) observing D) understanding

17. A) recover B) escape C) select D) benefit

18. A) angry B) curious C) happy D) worried

19. A) enjoy B) regret C) resent D) appreciate

20. A) consideration B) promotion C) replacement D) motivation

Test 6

本文介绍了职业转换专家格雷戈．泰勒提出的一些对于辞职可能造成的情感问题的建议：如何写辞职信，如何与老板商谈离职一事等。

1．A. 该句大意为“如果你准备跳槽并找一份令自己更加有成就感的工作。职业转换专家格雷戈．泰勒提出了一些建议来帮你应对辞职可能造成的情感方面的问题”，此处应该选择引导条件状语从句的连接词if。其他选项分别引导原因、时间和让步状语从句，逻辑关系明显不对。

2．C. 从下文可知，专家所提供的是“指点、忠告”，而不是A)plans“计划”，B)warnings“警告”或者D) comments“评论”。

3．D. 根据前文中的move forward and find a more fulfilling job可知，专家提供的是关于“离职”的指点，而不是A)finding“找工作”，B)improving“改进工作”或者C)finishing“完成工作”。

4． A. 这里的to the point是一个固定搭配，意为“中肯的，切中要害的”，常用于短语keep to the point。5．B. 此处意为“表达你对……的感激”，A)process“过程”，C)choice“选择”，D)resignation“辞职”此处均不合适，只有选项B)“经历”符合句意，指的是在原工作单位的经历。

6．B. 这一段介绍写辞职信的时候应该注意的事项。第一句就提到要简明扼要，最后一句还是说要尽可能地简单而低调，所以应该选择B)，意为“你无须告知太多”。

7．D. 此句是说从递交辞职信开始的时间，应选择动词词组hand in“递交”。fill in “填写”，end in “以……结束”和take in“吸收”放在此处均不符合文意。

8．C. 前一句讲的是不要告诉别人细节，本句提出了另一条建议：要完成手头的工作。两句间应该是并列关系，所以用also。其他选项分别表示递进、因果和转折关系，与句意不相符。

9．A. B)form“表格”，C)scheme“计划”和D)report“报告”都过于具体，文章中并没有指明是哪项具体的工作，所以用A)“项目”来泛指手头上正在做的工作是最为合适的．

10。B. 离职之前完成手头上的工作对任何人而言都是一种礼貌和常识，故选择B)manners，选项A) deeds“行为”，C) intentions“目的”和D)relations“关系”均不符合文意。

11． A. 这部分的大意是“尤其是你打算获得推荐信的话”，选择especially表示一种递进的情况。选项B) specifically“具体地”，C)finally“最终地”和D)surely“必然地”放在此处均不符合上下文．

12．D. 此句是说离职前应休完剩余的假期，而A)relaxing“令人放松的”，B)rewarding‘‘有回报的’’或者C)refreshing“令人耳目一新的”放在此处和vacation搭配均不符合文意。

13．A. 本段主要介绍选择与老板商谈离职一事的时间和地点，由句中的location可轻易推出应选择A) Timing“时间，时机”。B)Date“日期，日子”．指的是特定的时间，C)Period“一段时间，时期”，D) Chance“机会”放在此处均不如A)项合适。

14．D. break the news意为“透露消息”。选项A)silence“沉默”，B)record “记录”和C)promise“承诺”放在此处均与上下文不相符。

15． A. 前一句话提到在会议室和老板谈离职一事，这是一个相对中立的环境，与选项 B) attitude “态度”，

C)position“立场”和D)opinion“观点”无关。

16．B. 该句是说中立的环境将使离职者有更好的机会以控制老板的反应。选择中立的会议室来谈话是为了避免老板过激的反应，故选择B)“控制”。A)predicting“预测”，C)observing “观察”，D) under- standing“理解”放在此处和文意不符。

17．A. 员工突然辞职对老板而言是个意外，所以选择在一周之初的上午告知可以给老板时间对此事作出反应。选项B)escape“逃避”．C)select“选择”和D)benefit“受益”显然都不符合句意。

18．C. 最后一句话的意思是说：离职者的雇主可能不会对你的离去感到高兴，但是他们会感谢你给他们留出充裕的时间来寻找接替你的人，或者有足够的时间让你来协助培训新人。所以正确答案是C)“高兴的”。

19．D. 此句是说离职者的原单位会因离职者充分的告知而感激，故选D)appreciate。而选项A)enjoy “喜欢”，B)regret“后悔”和C)resent“憎恨”均与文意不符。

20．C. 此句是说原单位将寻找他人接替离职者。选项C)replacement“接替’’符合文意。而选项

A)consideration“考虑”，B)promotion“提拔”和D)motivation“动机”均与句意不相符。

Test 5

Geography is the study of the relationship between people and the land. Geographers (地理学家) compare and contrast __1__ places on the earth. But they also __2__ beyond the individual places and consider the earth as a __3__. The word geography comes from two Greek words, "ge', the Greek word for "earth" and "graphein

A geographer might be described __15__ one who observes, records, and explains the __16__ between places in the world. If places were __17__, there would be little need for geographers. We know, however, __18__ no two places are exactly the same. Geography, __19__, is a point of view, a special way of __20__ at places.

1. A) similar B) various C) distant D) famous

2. A) pass B) reach C) go D)set

3. A) whole B) unit C) part D) total

4. A) what B) when C）which D) where

5. A) Some B）Many C) Most D）Few

6. A) outside B) except C) at D) like

7. A) extensive B) entire C) overall D) enormous

8. A) way B) means C) habit D) technique

9. A) world B) earth C) geography D) globe

10. A) focuses B) studies C) researches D) observes

11. A) second B) later C) next D) latter

12. A) learns B) studies C) realizes D) understands

13. A) upon B) for C) between D) among

14. A) neither B) either C) one D) each15. A) over B) to C) as D) by

16. A) exceptions B) sameness C) differences D) divisions

17. A) likely B) likeable C) liking D) alike

18. A) although B) whether C) since D) that

19. A) still B) then C) nevertheless D) moreover

20. A) working B) looking C) arriving D) getting

Test 5

本文介绍了“Geography”这个词的来历；地理学研究的分支：自然地理学、人文地理学及其研究内容以及地理学家的工作特点。

1. B. 此处应填入一个形容词，该处用动词compare and contrast(比较和对比)支配places,说明应该是不同的地方，故填various。

2. C. 此句转折，由前面的研究不同的领域转为可能超出各自研究的领域，go beyond是固定搭配．意为“超出，超越”。

3. A. “把……看做一个整体”，应表达为consider sth．as a whole，由上文可知此处的意思是“把地球看做一个整体”。

4．C. 从语法结构上．此处必须填入关系词，而且中间又出现了逗号，由此可知此句为非性定语从句，而选项中只有which可引导非性定语从句。

5．A. 由下文的others可知此处应为some。

6．D. like在这里是介词，表示“像”，引出介词短语,修饰前面的small area，故应选like。

7. B. entire是“整个的，全部的”，修饰后面的名词，意为“整个”。A)extensive是“广泛的，大量的”；

C)overall是“全面的，综合的”D)enormous是“巨大的，庞大的”。

8．A. 由上下文可知此处应为“方法”的意思，way为“方式，方法”；means表示做具体事,带来具体结果的“方式，办法”，而C)和D)项则不符合题意。

9．C. 由下文physical geography and cultural geography可知此处应填入geography。

lO．A. focus on…是固定搭配。意为“集中于……”，同义词组为"concentrate on…”。

11．D. 此处与前面的the former构成并列关系，应填人the latter“后者”。

12. B．由and把空格处要填入的词与starts构成并列关系，而A)learn意为“有目的地学习，获得某种技能”，

B)study则为“研究”的意思，而C)和D)项不合题意，由全文可知地理学家主要是研究……，而不是学习……，故应选B)项．并且starts为单数形式，作为and构成的并列结构，study也应为studies形式。

13．A. act upon ( on)…是固定用法，意为“对……起作用”，由句中how human beings and their environment 可知后面应填入与act连用表示“彼此相互作用”之意的词。

14．A. 先从本句的语法结构上看，A)neither和C)one均符合句法要求，而B)either用于否定句；D)each 不与thc other搭配，但从上下文的意义看：地理学有许多分支，可以从不同的角度去研究，但是(注意本句的转折词But)，地理学作为一门学科，其任何一个分支都不可能忽略另一分支的存在，A)neither更符合上下文的逻辑。15．C. be described as可以作为固定搭配，意为“把……说成……”。常用的类似结构还有be seen／

regarded/treated／thought of／looked upon／imagined等。

16．C．根据常识和文中的说明可知地理学家的工作特点就是观察、记录、解释地区间的不同之处，而且difference后常跟between…的形式。另外，下一句话也暗示此处应填differences。

17．D. 此处应填入一个形容词，C)liking “喜爱，爱好”是名词，可排除；A)likely“可能的”；B)likeable“可爱的”与题意不符，D)alike“相像的”与句意“如果所有的地方都是相似的”相符。

18．D．however在句中作插入成分，可不管它，整句话可直接为we know no two places are exactly the same，其中no…the same是完整的一句话，know又是谓语，故前应加that作引导词，引导宾语从句。

19．B. 由上下文可知这句话为总结句，Geography is a point of view是一句完整的话，故中间应填入一个副词，B)then“于是”，A)still“仍然”，C)nevertheless“然而”，D)moreover．“而且”，A)、C)、D)均不合题意，故选B)。

20．B. a special way of doing sth．是一种固定用法。A) work at…“工作……”，C)arrive at…“到达…” D)get at"指责，数落；获知”等．B)look at…“考察……”．故B)项符合题意。

Test 4

Traveling can be fun and easy. A vacation trip to another part of the country is especially __1__ when the traveling conditions are good. Good traveling conditions __2__ : ( 1 ) a comfortable and familiar mode of transportation, (2) knowledge of the country's language and system of money, (3) __3__ with the customs and habits of the people in the country, and (4) nice travel __4__. All of us have had nice trips __5__ this. In fact, we have good __6__ of an enjoyable, relaxing trip. Most of us have also had trips that we would __7__ to forget. Many conditions can produce a bad __8__ experience. For example, if the four conditions __9__ above do not exist, we will __10__ have a bad experience, or at a difficult __11__. Students who travel to another country to __12__ often have a difficult trip. They __13__ travel alone, they don't know the language of the new country __14__, they are not familiar with the money system and so on. They often arrive in the

new country at a huge __15__ airport. From the airport, they need to __16__ their way to the city where their school is. Maybe they need to __17__ airplanes, to take a bus, a train, or a taxi. They need to do all this in a country __18__ everything is unfamiliar: the language, the money, the people, the cities, and the weather. Later, after the experiences are over, they __19__ laugh. But certainly at the __20__ , they feel terrible.

1. A. enjoyable B. amusing C. happy D. favorable

2. A. include B. exclude C. conclude D. contain

3. A. awareness B. understanding C. interest D. familiarity

4. A. friends B. companions C. colleagues D. companies

5. A. like B. as C. towards D. for

6. A. memories B. impressions C. opinions D. pictures

7. A. like B. have C. want D. need

8. A. trip B. tour C. travel D. visit

9. A. outlined B. talked C. discussed D. listed

10. A. impossibly B. probably C. completely D. partly

11. A. one B. a C. that D. this

12. A. study B. play C. experience D. inspect

13. A. hardly B. rarely C. particularly D. usually

14. A. yet B. too C. either D. already

15. A. national B. international C. domestic D. local

16. A. watch B. notice C. see D. find

17. A. alter B. board C. take D. change

18. A. where B. when C. whose D. which

19. A. need B. shall C. may D. must

20. A. airport B. country C. time D. day

Test 4

本文介绍了出国旅行需要的4个基本条件：所熟悉的、舒适的交通工具，熟知那个国家的语言和银行系统，了解那个国家人们生活的习俗习惯，有个好的伴侣。如果缺少了这几个条件，旅行会变得很糟糕。一个去异国留学的学生，面对种种陌生的体验时，他肯定会感到很糟糕的。

1．A A)enjoyable意为giving you pleasure and satisfaction“令人愉悦的，有乐趣的”，符合上下文。B) amusing “有趣的”，C)happy “快乐的”，D)favorable“有利的，讨人喜欢的”放在此处均不恰当。

2． A. include意为“包括”，exclude意为“排除，阻止”，conclude意为“下结论”，contain意为“含有，容纳”。此处显然指包括以下的四个方面，故答案为A) include。

3．D．awareness意为“觉悟”，后面搭配介词of，因此不符合题意；understanding后面也是搭配介词of；而interest后面搭配介词in；familiarity意为“熟悉，熟悉度”，后面搭配介词with，符合题意。

4．B. 此处是说要使旅途愉快，需要有很好的旅伴，句中companions意为“persons who accompany or associate with another (同伴、伙伴)”，是可数名词；company也可以表示“伙伴，来往的人”。但这是一个集体名词，表示“伙伴”的总称。因此B)项符合题意。

5． A. 这句话是说“我们都有过这么美好的旅行经历”，介词like表示“如同，像……一样”；而as作为介词意为“作为，身为”；介词towards和for分别表示方向和目标．不符合题意。

6．【A】 memory意为"something that is remembered'’，即“记忆，回忆”；B)impression表示“印象”，与选项C)“意见”和D)“照片”都不符合此处的题意。

7． A. “would like'’是一个固定的词组搭配，意为want“想要……”，属于比较客气的说法。

8．C. travel表示“去较远的地方或去国外的旅行”；trip指短途的尤指为了享乐而进行的旅游；tour是指去一个个地方访问，旅游一圈；．visit指“拜访”。结合上下文，C)travel符合文意，为正确答案。

9．D. 结合上下文，从第一段看，上面列举了四个好的条件，因此选用listed “被列举出的”最符合题意。

A)outlined“被概括的”，B)talked“被谈论的”，C)discussed“被讨论的”均没有D)恰当．

10．B．根据上下文，这句话是说，“如果以上四个好的条件不具备(存在)，则整个旅行很可能会很糟糕”。

A)impossibly“不可能地”显然与原文意思相悖；C)completely“完全地”太过绝对；D) partly“部分地”放在文中意思不通，故应选B)probably．“很可能地”。

11．A. 句中one代替了experience一词，避免了重复，而a没有此功能；this和that前均不能加修饰语，故A)项正确。

12．A. inspect “视察’’显然不合题意，故排除；看到下文“学生要从机场找到去学校所在城市的路”。该题的答案便显而易见了，此处是说“去国外学习的学生”，故选A)．

13．D．根据上文可知，“去另外一个国家学习的学生在旅途中通常会遇到困难”，下文便列举了他们所面临的困难的种种具体形式，“通常独自出行”是其中之一．A)hardly“几乎不”，B)rarely“很少地”，C) particularly “特别地”均与文意不符，故选D)。

14．A. yet用于否定句中表示“up to the present time”, 同否定形式连起来表示“到目前为止尚不……”，C)项用于否定句时，则前句也应为否定，意为“也不”；而B)与D)两项一般不与否定形式连用，故正确答案为A)。15．B. 由句中“到达新的国家”可知对应的是“在一个大的国际机场”，故选international‘‘国际的”；A) national“国家的，民族的”；C)domestic“国内的”；D)local“当地的”均与文意不符。

16．D. “find one’s way to…”意为“找到／认得去……的路”，是一个固定的习惯表达。

17. D．由上句“学生需要找到从机场到学校所在城市的路”可推测出“或许他们要换乘飞机”．该短语的表达为“change airplanes”，而非“alter airplanes”，故选D)。

18．A. where在此引导了一个定语从句。指代前面的in a country，是说在对一切都不熟知的一个国家，他们要经历上述的种种行为。

19. C．此题考查的是情态动词的用法。“后来，在完成了上述所有这些行为后，他们或许会笑起来。”这句话表达的是一种不确定的推测，所以用may合适。

20. C. “at the time”是固定搭配，表示“在当时”．是说“在经历种种陌生的体验时，他们肯定会感觉很糟糕”。

Test3

One of the most popular literary __1__ in American literature is a woman who spent almost half of her long life in China. In her lifetime she __2__ the most highly acclaimed literary award in the Unite States: the Pulitzer Prize, and also the most prestigious form of literary __3__ in the world, the Nobel Prize __4__ Literature.

Pearl S. Buck was almost a __5__ word throughout much of her lifetime because of her prolific (多产的) literary __6__, which consisted __7__ of some works, including several dozen novels, 6 collections of short stories, 14 books for children, and more than a dozen works of nonfiction. When she was 80 years old, some 25 volumes were __8__ publication. Many of those books were __9__ China, the land in which she spent so much of her life. Her books and her life __10__ as a bridge between the cultures of the East and the West.

As the __11__ of those two cultures she became, as she __12__ herself, "mentally bifocal (双焦点的). " Her unique __13__ made her into an unusually __14__ and versatile human being. As we examine the life of Pearl Buck, we cannot help but be __15__ that we are in fact __16__ three separate people: a wife and mother, an internationally famous writer and a humanitarian and philanthropist (慈善家). One cannot really get to know Pearl Buck without learning __17__ each of the three. Though __18__ in her lifetime with even the Nobel and Pulitzer prizes, Pearl Buck as a __19__ human being, not only a famous author, is a captivating (迷人的) __20__ of study.

1. A. figures B. persons C. people D. writers

2. A. obtained B. achieved C. result D. earned

3. A. achievement B. recognition C. contribution D. creation

4. A. for B. to C. in D. on

5. A. familiarized B. recognizable C. mysterious D. household

6. A. output B. conception C. invention D. productivity

7. A. publishing B. published C. publicity D. publicized

8. A. waiting B. waited for C. awaited for D. awaiting

9. A. set in B. set aside C. set up D. set off

10. A. acted B. served C. provided D. supplied

11. A. outcome B. mixture C. product D. combination

12. A. called B. named C. termed D. described

13. A. history B. background C. setting D. childhood

14. A. interested B. interest C. interesting D. disinterest

15. A. aware B. conscious C. mindful D. responsive

16. A. dealing B. meeting C. analyzing D. distinguishing

17. A. from B. of C. about D. on

18. A. honor B. honorable C. honoring D. honored

19. A. comprehensive B. total C. complete D. genuine

20. A. topic B. area C. theme D. subjectTest 3

本文介绍了美国知名作家赛珍珠及其文学作品的特点和成就．赛珍珠是一个多产的作家，她的一生和其作品的贡献成为中西方文化交流的桥梁。

1．A. 空格处缺少名词．figures意为“人物，角色”。强调抽象意义。根据句意，Pearl S. Buck (赛珍珠)是美国文学史上最受欢迎的作家之一。

2．B. 空格处缺少谓语动词与宾语award搭配。obtain意为“获得”，achieve意为“完成，达到”。获得奖项通常用动词win或者earn。

3．B. 空格处缺少名词。achievement意为“成就”，recognition意为“认可”，contribution意为“贡献”，creation意为“创作”。根据句意。赛珍珠获得了诺贝尔文学奖，这是对文学创作最具声望的认可形式。4．A. 本题考查固定搭配。Nobel Prize for Literature诺贝尔文学奖。

5. D. 空格处缺少形容词修饰名词word。familiarized意为“变熟悉的”，recognizable意为“认可的”，mysterious意为“神秘的”，household意为“家庭的”。根据句意，赛珍珠成为一个家喻户晓的名字。

6． A. 空格处缺少名词。output意为“输出”，conception意为“概念”，invention意为“发明”，productivity 意为“生产力”。根据句意．赛珍珠成为一个家喻户晓的名字是因为其多产文学作品。故答案为A)。

7．B. 本题考查publish在句中的形式，空格缺少形容词做定语。works与publish是被动逻辑关系，故答案B)。8．D. 本题考查wait与await的用法。根据句意，在赛珍珠80岁的时候，25卷书正待出版。空格前有助动词were，所以排除B)和C)。awaiting意为“等待”，相当于waiting for。

9． A. 本题考查动词set与介词的搭配。set in意为“放在某处”，set aside意为“留出”，set up意为“建立”。set off意为“出发”。根据句意，她很多等待出版的书都留在中国。

10．B. 空格处缺少谓语动词．与介词as搭配。act as和serve as皆意为“作为”，但是serve as强调“服务”。根据句意，赛珍珠的一生和其作品的贡献在于成为中西方文化交流的桥梁。

11. C. 空格位于定冠词之后缺少名词，做become的表语。outcome意为“结果”，mixture意为“混合物”，product意力“产物”，combination意为“组合”。根据句意，赛珍珠是中西文化的产物。

12．D. 空格处缺少动词。term意为“把……称作”，与call同义。describe意为“描述”。根据句意，赛珍珠是中西文化的产物，她把自己称为“精神上的双焦点”。但“精神上的双焦点’’不是一个名称，不能用动词call，这里应注意中西文化用语区别。

13．B. 空格处缺少名词。background意为“背景”。setting意为“场景”。根据句意。赛珍珠的中西文化背景是独特的。

14．C. 本题考查interest的形式。空格位于副词之后名词之前，缺少形容问修饰名词human being。disinterest意为“公正无私的”。

15． A．空格谓语助动词be之后that之前，缺少表语。be aware意为“意识到”，be conscious意为“有意识的”，be mindful意为“留心的”，responsive意为“做出响应的”。根据句意，我们不得不(cannot help but)意识到我们实际上面对着三个的角色。．

16．B. 空格位于助动词be之后．缺少表语。deal意为“应付”，后接介词with。analyze意为“分析”，distinguish意为“区别”。根据句意，当我们阅读赛珍珠的作品时．实际上是面对着三个的角色。17．C. 本题考查动词learn与介词的搭配。learn from意为“向……学习”，learn of不存在，learn about意为“了解”。根据题意，如果不了解三个角色中的任何一个就不能真正了解赛珍珠。

18．D. 本题考查honor的形式．honor意为“荣誉”，honorable意为“光荣的”，honored意为“被给予荣誉的”。空格位于连词though之后，从句省略主谓，故空格为从句的表语，主语为主句主语Pearl Buck。19．B. 空格位于不定冠词之后名词之前，缺少形容词做定语。comprehensive意为“全面的”，total意为“整个

的，完全的”，complete意为“完全的”，genuine意为“真正的”。根据句意，答案为B)．

20．D. 空格位于形容词之后介词之前，缺少名词。topic意为“话题，主题”，theme意为“主题”，subject意为“学科，对象”。根据题意，赛珍珠作为一个完整的人，不仅是一个著名的作家，还是一个有趣的研究对象。

Test 2

From childhood to old age, all of us have to use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world around us. When humans first 1 _ , they were like newborn children, unable to use this __2 _ tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kind's future __3__ and cultural growth increased.

Many linguists believe that evolution is __4 __ for our ability to produce and use languages. They _ 5__ that our highly evolved brain provides us 6 an innate language ability not found in lower 7 . Proponents (支持者) of this innateness theory say that our 8 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, _ 9 a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical ___10___ times for language development.

Current __11__ of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. __12__ , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in __13__ grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being __14__ to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the __15__ of their first language have become firmly fixed.

__16__ some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been __17__ from other human beings do not possess languages. This demonstrates that __18__ with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language __19__ than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. __20__, children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their children's language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.

1. A. generated B. evolved C. born D. originated

2. A. valuable B. appropriate C. convenient D. favorite

3. A. attainment B. feasibility C. entertainment D. evolution

4. A. essential B. available C. reliable D. responsible

5. A. confirm B. inform C. claim D. convince

6. A. for B. from C. of D. from

7. A. organizations B. organisms C. humans D. children

8. A. potential B. performance C. preference D. passion

9. A. as B. just as C. like D. unlike

10. A. ideological B. biological C. social D. psychological

11. A. reviews B. reference C. reaction D. recommendation

12. A. In a word B. In a sense C. Indeed D. In other words

13. A. various B. different C. higher D. the lower

14. A. revealed B. exposed C. engaged D. involved

15. A. regulations B. formations C. rules D. constitutions

16. A. Although B. Whether C. Since D. When

17. A. distinguished B. different C. protected D. isolated

18. A. exposition B. comparison C. contrast D. interaction19. A. acquisition B. appreciation C. requirement D. alternative

20. A. As a result B. After all C. In other words D. Above all

Test 2

本文介绍了语言这种工具。对人类来说，语言是一种拓展知识的工具，语言学家认为，进化使人类拥有天生的语言能力，但是语言也不能自身发展，儿童学习语言比较容易，但是一旦脱离了人类社会，也无法掌握语言。

1. B. 空格处缺少谓语动词。根据句意得知，人类像新生儿一样不能使用语言应该是刚刚进化的时候。根据第二段第一句evolution也可得出答案。Evolve意为“进化”，generate意为“导致、引起，生成光、热”，born意为“天生的”，originate意为“起源、发生”。

2. A. 空格处缺少定语。文章第一句提到，人类把语言当做一种拓宽知识的方式，所以语言对人类来讲应该是valuable（有用的）工具。Appropriate意为“合适的”，convenient意为“方便的”,favorite意为“最喜的”。

3. A. 根据选项得知空格处缺少名词，且与后面的cultural growth在意义上并列。Attainments意为“成就”，feasibility意为“可能性”，entertainments意为“娱乐”，evolution意为“进化”。Attainments符合题意。

4. D. 空格处缺少表语形容词，且能与for搭配。 Essential意为“基本的”，后接介词to; available 意为“可得到的，可利用的”，后不接介词；reliable意为“可靠的”，不能与for搭配；be responsible for意为“对……负责的”。

5. C. 空格处缺少动词，后接that 引导的从句。句中they 指上句的主语many linguists。根据句意，人类高度进化的大脑使得我们具有天生的语言能力，这是语言学家所持的观点。Confirm意为“确认”，inform意为“通知”，claim意为“声称”，convince意为“使相信”。

6. D. 本题考查固定搭配provide sb with sth. 向某人提供某物。

7. B. 空格处缺少名词。 Organizations意为“组织”，organisms意为“有机体”。语言学家认为，天生的语言能力是人类所具有的，不存在于低等有机体当中。

8. A. 空格处缺少名词。Potential意为“潜力”，performance意为“表现”，preference意为“偏爱”，passion 意为“热情”。天赋学说的支持者们认为，人类的语言能力是与生俱来的。

9. A. 空格处缺少介词。语言与人类童年时期大脑发育的一种官能是对等的关系。As意为“作为”，just意为“正如”，like意为“像”。

10. B. 空格处缺少形容词做定语。 ideological意为“意识形态的”，biological意为“生物的，生理的”，social 意为“社会的”，psychological意为“心理的”。语言本身发展是缓慢的，经过几个重要的生理周期。

11. A. 空格处缺少名词。Review意为“复习、评论”，reference意为“涉及、参考”，reaction意为“反应”，recommendation意为“推荐”。句意，虽然目前对天赋论的评论是多种多样的，但是支持的观点是无可否认的。

12. C. 空格处缺少状语。In a word 意为“一句话”，用来总结上述观点。In a sense意为“在某种意义上”，indeed意为“确实”，用来进一步说明上述观点。in other words意为“换句话说”，用来解释上述观点。根据句意，很多人支持天赋论，越来越多的学校发现，最好在低年级开始教授外语。后者是对前者的进一步解释说明。13．D，空格处缺少形容词作定语．空格后一句提到young children学习外语的例子可以得出低年级学外语较易。14．B，根据选项可知，空格处考查固定搭配be + p.p．+to结构。revealed意为“显露”,后不接介词；exposed 后接介词to，意为“暴露于”；engaged后接介词in，意为“忙于”；involved后接介词in，意为“卷入”。’15．C，空格位于定冠词之后缺少名词。regulations意为“规章制度”，formations意为“形成”，rules意为“规则”，constitutions意为“章程，构造”。根据句意，儿童能够学会周围的几种外语，而成人学习外语比较难是因为母语的规则在他们头脑中根深蒂固了。

16．A．空格处缺少连词。根据句意，毫无疑问语言的某些方面是天生的．但它不能像真空一样自我发展。前后为转折的逻辑关系，故答案为A)。

17．D，空格处缺少表语形容词．distinguished意为“卓越的”，protected意为“保护的”，isolated意为“隔离的”。根据句意，语言不能自我发展，假如儿童与其他人隔离开来将不能掌握语言。

18．D. 空格处缺少名词。exposition意为“暴露”。comparison意为“对比”，contrast意为“对照”，interaction意为“交互作用”。根据句意，假如儿童远离其他人将不能掌握语言，这说明，在语言的发展过程中，儿童与其他人的相互影响是很有必要的。

19．A，空格处缺少名词．acquisition意为“获得”，appreciation意为“感激，欣赏”，requirement意为“要求”，alternative意为“可供选择的办法”。根据句意，交互活动对语言的获得作用要比人类其他本能更重要。20．C，空格处缺少状语。根据句意，理论学家把学习语言看做是需要模仿的和后天学习的行为。儿童通过模仿父母学会语言。二者是对等的关系。

Test 1

From Boston to Los Angeles, from NewYork City to Chicago to Dallas, museums are either planning, building, or wrapping up wholesale __1__ programs. These programs already have 2 altered facades and floor plans or 3 to do so in the not too distant future. In New York City alone, six major institutions have __4_ up and out into the air space and neighborhoods around them or are preparing to do so.

The reasons 5 this confluence (汇合) of activity are complex, but one factor is a 6__ everywhere——space. With collections 7 each year, with the needs and functions of museums changing, empty space has become a very precious 8 for all the people. Probably 9 in the country is this more true than at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, which has needed 10 space for decades and which received its last 11 facelift ten years ago.

Because of the space crunch, the Art Museum has become increasingly __12 in considering acquisitions and donations 13 art, in some cases passing up opportunities to 14 its collections. Decreasing or selling off works of art __15 new importance because of the museum's space problems. And 16 , curators have been forced to rearrange the gallery space, rotating one masterpiece into public _ 17__ while another is sent to _18 in the warehouse (仓库). _19 the clear need for additional gallery and storage space, however, "the museum has no plan, no plan to break out of its__20 in the next fifteen years," according to Philadelphia Museum of Art's president.

1. A. expanding B. expanded C. expansion D. expand

2. A. radically B. unnoticeably C. unassumingly D. modestly

3. A. are expecting B. is expecting C. are expected D. is expected

4. A. scattered B. spread C. established D. increased

5. A. among B. from C. for D. why

6. A. consideration B. thinking C. measurement D. calculation

7. A. increased B. increasing C. having increased D.having been increased

8. A. phenomenon B. value C. treasure D. commodity

9. A. somewhere B. nowhere C. anywhere D. wherever

10. A. excessive B. extreme C. additional D. unnecessary

11. A. significant B. noticeable C. evident D. visible

12. A. careful B. wary C. distrustful D. cautious

13. A. of B. for C. in D. from

14. A. purchase B. order C. strengthen D. select

15. A. has attached B. has invested C. has demonstrated D. has taken

16. A. gradually B. increasingly C. slowly D. regularly

17. A. view B. performance C. appreciation D. access

18. A. store B. storing C. storage D. storeroom19. A. For B. Through C. Despite D. Though

20. A. enclosure B. envelope C. sphere D. territory

Test 1

本文介绍很多博物馆正在筹办扩建的计划。尽管影响扩建行为的因素有很多，但主要的、共同的因素还是空间问题。没有足够的空间，博物馆就会失去扩充收藏品的机会。有时还不得不减少或者出售一些收藏品。

1． C 空格处缺少programs的定语，阅读全文得知很多博物馆正关注着这些大规模的扩建计划，此处使用expand 的名词形式做定语。表内容。

2．、A 空格处缺少副词做状语。通过第一段纽约市的例子得知。博物馆扩建规模较大，因此大大改变了博物馆的正面和侧面平面图。radically意为“根本上，大大地”，符合题意。unnoticeably意为“不显著地”，unassumingly意为“谦逊地”．与modestly同义。

3． C 通过选项得知此题考查expected在句子中的语态。句子的主语为these programs，排除B)和D)，be expected to do意为“有望做某事”，扩建计划大大改变了博物馆的正面和侧面平面图。或者有望在不远的将来会如此。

4．B，空格处缺少谓语动词的过去分词形式。作者以纽约市为例说明几家大的机构向空中扩建，spread意为“面积的延伸”，符合题意。scatter意为“分散”，establish为及物动词，后面需接直接宾语，increase意为“数量的增多”，均不符题意。

5．C．本题考查固定搭配，the reason for sth．。D)的迷惑性较强，为考生常犯错误，但是why后应该引导句子，此处空格后为名词短语，故答案为C)。

6． A，空格位于不定冠词后，缺少名词。扩建行为的原因是很复杂的，但其中一个因素是共同的，那就是空间问题．consideration意为“考虑”，thinking意为“想法”，measurement意为“测量、尺度”，calculation意为“计算”。

7．B 通过选项得知本题考查increase在句子中的形式。空格处为with +n．+-v-ing／ed结构，做句子的伴随状语，意为‘‘随着博物馆藏品逐年增加”，collections与increase为主动逻辑关系，故答案为B)。

8．D，空格处缺少名词。主语为space，不能等同于phenomenon和value，commodity意为“日用品”，“随着收藏品逐年增加，博物馆的需求和功能改变，空间成了人们的日常需求品”。treasure意为“珍宝”，与precious重复。

9．B 空格处缺少句子主语。作者以费城艺术馆为例说明空间成了人们的日常需求品，所以世界上没有任何一个地方像费城美术馆那样(缺乏空间)。somewhere意为“在某处”，anywhere意为“无论何处”，wherever意为“无论在哪里”，故答案为B)。另外，根据句子的倒装结构也可判断答案。

10．C、空格处缺少形容词做space的定语。世界上没有任何一个地方像费城美术馆那样．多年来缺乏空间，最后一次整修还是在十年之前。excessive意为“过多的”．extreme意为“极端的”，unnecessary意为“不必要的，多余的”，皆为贬义词。additional意为“另外的”。

11． A，空格处缺少形容词作facelift的定语。facelift意为“房屋整修”。noticeable，evident．visible的意思都是“明显的”，significant意为“重要的、重大的”。费城美术馆最后一次大的整修是在十年之前。

12．D、空格处缺少become的表语。根据题意．由于缺乏空间，美术馆对艺术品捐赠物采取谨慎的态度。careful意为“认真的”，wary意为“机警的”，distrustful意为“不信任的”。

13．A，本题考查固定搭配。of体现donations的性质内容。

14．C，空格处缺少谓语动词。美术馆对艺术品捐赠采取谨慎的态度，这样会失去扩充收藏品的机会。strengthen 意为“增强，扩充”。purchase意为“购买”，order意为“订购”，select意为“挑选”。

15．D，由于空间问题博物馆只好减少或出售一些收藏品。take on意为“呈现”。本题迷惑选项为A)，attachimportance to意为“重视”，后接宾语。invest意为“投资”，demonstrate意为“示范，证明”，与importance不能搭配。

16．B，空格处缺少状语。通过上题得知，由于空间问题博物馆只好减少或出售一些收藏品。馆长不得不重新安排画廊，and表并列关系，所以空格处需要副词，意义表肯定。gradually意为“逐渐地”，regularly表“规则地”，故答案为B)。

17．A，空格处缺少名词。根据句子后半部分warehouse得知，由于缺少空间．馆长只好把一件艺术品投入公众的视线中，把另一件存放于仓库中。view在句中意为“视线”, performance意为“表演”，appreciation意为“欣赏”，access意为“入口”。

18．C 本题考查store的词性。be sent to后面可接动词原形和名词两种形式。如接动词，masterpiece和store为被动关系，需用to be stored。本题后接名词形式storage，表目的。storeroom意为“储藏室”，与warehouse 重复。

19．C，空格处缺少介词．空格处的句子提到博物馆需要额外的画廊和储藏室，但是博物馆在15年内没有打破这个束缚的计划，所以选项C)despite“尽管”符合题意。

20. B. 空格处缺少名词作介词of的宾语。Break out of 意为“摆脱”。Enclosure 意为“围栏”， envelope 意为“封袋”， sphere意为“球体、领域”，territory意为“领土”。故答案为B，引申为“束缚”。

If you were to begin a new job tomorrow, you would bring with you some basic strengths and weaknesses. Success or (1) in your work would depend, to (2) great extent, (3) your ability to use your strengths and weaknesses to the best advantage. (4) the utmost importance is your attitude.

A person (5) begins a job convinced that he isn't going to like it or is (6) that he is going to ail is exhibiting a weakness which can only hinder his success. On the other hand, a person who is secure (7) his belief that he is probably as capable (8) doing the work as anyone else and who is willing to make a cheerful attempt (9) it possesses a certain strength of purpose. The chances are that he will do well.

(10) the prerequisite skills for a particular job is strength. Lacking those skills is obviously a weakness. A book-keeper who can't add or a carpenter who can't cut a straight line with a saw (11) hopeless cases.

This book has been designed to help you capitalize (12) the strength and overcome the (13) that you bring to the job of learning. But insgroupsto measure your development, you must first (14) -- stock of swheres you stand now. (15) -- we get further along in the book, we’ll be (16) -- in some detail with specific processes for developing and strengthening (17) -- skills. However, (18) -- begin with, you should pause (19) -- examine your present strengths and weaknesses in three areas that are critical to your success or failure in school: your (20) --, your reading and communication skills, and your study habits.

1.A.improvement B. victory C. failure D. achievement

2.A.a B. the C. some D. certain

3.A.in B. on C. of D. to

4.A.Out of B. Of C. To D. Into

5.A.who B. what C. that D. which

6.A.ensure B. certain C. sure D. surely

7.A.onto B. on C. off D. in

8.A.to B. at C. of D. for

9.A.near B. on C. by D. at10.A.Have B. Had C. Having D. Had been

11.A.being B. been C. are D. is

12.A.except B. but C. for D. on

13.A.idea B. weakness　　 C. strength D. advantage

14.A.make B. take C. do D. give

15.A.as B. till C. over D. out

16.A.deal B. dealt C. be dealt D. dealing

17.A.learnt B. learned C. learning D. learn

18.A.around B. to C. from D. beside

19.A.to B. onto C. into D. with

20.A.intelligence B. work C. attitude D. weakness

Cloze Test 2

1.C　【解析】本句的意思是：“成功或失败在很大程度上取决于你是否能扬长避短。”improvement改进；victory胜利；achievement成果，成就。这三个词都不合题意，只有C. failure“失败”最合适。

2.A　【解析】to a great extent是固定短语，意思是“很大程度上”，符合题意。类似的说法还有：to a large extent, to some extent, to an extent, to a certain extent, to that extent, to the extent of…。the, some, certain都不能与great extent搭配。

3.B　【解析】on与前面的depend构成本句谓语。

4.B　【解析】of与名词连用,表示具有某种性质,状态，做表语。置于句首，表示强调。正常语序为：Your attitude is of the utmost importance.

5.A【解析】A person后应当是定语从句,“开始工作的那个人”。

6.C　【解析】本句的意思是“如果一个刚刚开始工作的人就深信自己不会喜欢或肯定不适应这项工作，那么阻碍他成功的缺点就暴露出来了。”or后面省略了主语he。ensure保证；certain肯定的(只能用于It做主语的句子里)；surely确实地；sure肯定的。

7.D【解析】in one’s belief相信。其它选项都不能与belief搭配。

8.C　【解析】capable of doing是固定搭配，意为“能够干什么”。

9.D　【解析】attempt用做名词，后接介词at，意为“试图，努力”；如果后面接介词on，表示攻击的意思。其他两项都不能与attempt搭配。

10.C　【解析】本句的意思是“具有某一工作的必要技能是一个优势”此处应填句子的主语，故选动名词having。

11.D　【解析】本句主语是A book-keeper or carpenter…。根据主谓一致原则，其谓语应当用单数is，而不是复数are。being, been都是分词，应该排除。

12.D　on与前面的capitalize搭配，表示“利用”。做不定式help的补语。其它选项不能与capitalize搭配。

13.B　本句的意思是“克服缺点”,应选weakness(缺点，弱点)。idea观点；strength优点；advantage优势。

14.B　【解析】固定短语take stock of，意为“对……估价，对……作出判断”。

15.A　【解析】本句的意思是：“随着更深入的阅读”，从语法角度，此处应填关联词。四个选项中，只有as能用做关联词。

16.D　【解析】选项A, B, C分别是deal(处理，论述，涉及)的原形，过去分词及被动语态。根据语法和语义，此处应填将来进行时，意思是“随着书中内容的进一步深入，我们将详细论述发展和加强学习技能的具体过程。”

17.C　【解析】根据上下文，这里应当指“学习技能”。

18.B　【解析】固定短语to begin with，意为“首先，第一”，常用做插入语。

19.A　【解析】谓语动词pause后，examine又是动词原形，所以这里应当选to，可构成动词不定式，做目的状语。其余选项都是介词，不合题意。

20.C　【解析】本句对全文进行总结概括，与文章的开头相呼应，Of the utmost importance is your attitude故选attitude.

3

Who won the World Cup 1994 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? (1) -- an event takes place, newspapers are on the streets (2) -- the details. Wherever anything happens in the world, reports are on the spot to (3) -- the news. Newspapers have one basic (4) --, to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to (5) -- it. Radio, telegraph, television, and 6 inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication. (7) --, this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the (8) -- and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are (9) -- and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch outsintos many other fields. Besides keeping readers (10) -- of the latest news, today's newspapers (11) -- and influence readers about politics and other important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers' economic choices (12) -- advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very (13) --. Newspapers are sold at a price that (14) -- even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main (15) -- of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The (16) -- in selling advertising depends on a newspaper's value to advertisers. This (17) -- in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends (18) -- on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment (19) -- in a newspaper's pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper's value to readers as a source of information (20) -- the community, city, country, state, nation, and world—and even outer space.

1.A.Just when B. While C. Soon after D. Before

2.A.to give B. giving C. given D. being given

3.A.gather B. spread C. carry D. bring

4.A.reason B. cause C. problem D. purpose

5.A.make B. publish C. know D. write

6.A.another B. other C. one another D. the other

7.A.However B. And C. Therefore D. So

8.A.value B. ratio C. rate D. speed

9.A.spread B. passed C. printed D. completed

10.A.inform B. be informed C. to be informed D. informed

11.A.entertain B. encourage C. educate D. edit

12.A.on B. through C. with D. of

13.A.forms B. existence C. contents D. purpose

14.A.tries to cover B. manages to coverC. fails to cover D. succeeds in

15.A.source B. origin C. course D. finance

16.A.way B. means C. chance D. success

17.A.measures B. measured C. Is measured D. was measured

18.A.somewhat B. little C. much D. something

19.A.offering B. offered C. which offered D. to be offered

20.A.by B. with C. at D. about

Cloze Test 3

1.A【解析】just在此为副词，意为“刚刚”，做状语。此句意为“一个事件刚刚发生，街上就有报纸报道详情了。说明报纸对新闻的反应之快。

2.A【解析】to give和giving都合乎语法，但giving强调的是正在发生的动作，而此处重点表达的是“反应快”，不是正在做什么。

3.A　【解析】消息，信息要靠收集。

4.D　【解析】后面的不定式短语表示目的。

5.C　【解析】提供信息的目的是为了让他人知道，所以选C。

6.B　【解析】other意为“其他的”。此意为：无线电，电报，电视，及其它发明，成为报纸的竞争对手。

7.A　【解析】根据句中的merely及其后所述内容，应选however，表转折。

8.D　【解析】使用更新，更快的通讯工具，目的是提高速度。

9.C　【解析】报纸是印出来的，先印后看(读)。

10.D　【解析】keep sb.+过去分词是一种复合结构，sb.与过去分词为被动关系，意为保持这种关系的继续。此句的意思是：报纸不断地为读者提供新闻信息。

11.C　【解析】关于politics之类的严肃话题,只能选educate。

12.B　【解析】此句意为：报纸通过广告影响读者在经济生活中的选择。

13.B　【解析】大多数报纸依靠广告收入来维持生存，此现象人人皆知。

14.C　【解析】报纸的售价之低，不足以抵付成本的一小部分。符合上下文关于广告收入的说法。

15.A　【解析】收入来源应该用source。因source指河流，泉水的发源地；常指抽象事物的根源或来源以及资料，信息的出处或来源。origin起源，起因。指事物后来发生,发展变化的最初起点,或指人的出身和血统。

16.D　【解析】succeed in为固定短语。此句意为：广告业务的成功，取决于报纸在客户(要打广告的人)心中的价值。

17.C　【解析】根据上下文，此处应该用一般现在时的被动语态，此句意为：报纸在客户心中的价值，是靠发行量衡量的。

18.C　【解析】该句意为：发行量的大小，很大程度上取决于发行部门的工作及报纸所提供的服务功能和娱乐功能。

19.B【解析】offered作services和entertainment的定语。

20.D　【解析】information后面接介词about，表示“关于”。

4

For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a never-ending flood of words. In (1) -- a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend (2) -- can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are (3) -- readers. Most of us develop poor reading (4) -- at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency (5) -- in the actual stuff of language itself-words. Taken individually, words have (6) -- meaning until they are strung together into phrased, sentences and paragraphs. (7) --, however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to (8) -- words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over (9) -- you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which (10) -- down the speed of reading is vocalization - sounding each word either orally or mentally as (11) -- reads.

To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an (12), which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate (13) -- the reader finds comfortable, in order to “stretch”him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, (14) -- word-by-word reading, regression and subvocalization, practically impossible. At first (15) -- is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will notonly read faster, (16) -- your comprehension will improve. Many people have found (17) -- reading skill drastically improved after some training. (18) -- Charlce Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute (19) -- the training, now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that how he can (20) -- a lot more reading material in a short period of time.

1.A.applying B. doing C. offering D. getting

2.A.quickly B. easily C. roughly D. decidedly

3.A.good B. curious C. poor D. urgent

4.A.training B. habits C. situations D. custom

5.A.lies B. combines C. touches D. involves

6.A.some B.A lot C. little D. dull

7.A.Fortunately B. In fact C. Logically D. Unfortunately

8.A.reuse B. reread C. rewrite D. recite

9.A.what B. which C. that D. if

10.A.scales B. cuts C. slows D. measures

11.A.some one B. one C. he D. reader

12.A.accelerator B. actor C. amplifier D. observer

13.A.then B. as C. beyond D. than

14.A.enabling B. leading C. making D. indicating

15.A.meaning B. comprehension C. gist D. regression

16.A.but B. nor C. or D. for

17.A.our B. your C. their D. such a

18.A.Look at B. Take C. Make D. Consider

19.A.for B. in C. after D. before

20.A.master B. go over C. present D. get through

Cloze Test 4

1.D　【解析】本句意思是“谁如果想谋得一份差事”。applying需加for,意思是“申请”；B.doing做；

C.offering提供此三项均不符题意，　只有

D.getting(获得)适合。

2.A　【解析】本句意为“快速阅读与理解的能力，是关系到成败的关键所在”只有quickly与原意吻合。easily(容易地)；roughly (粗略地)；　decidedly(果断地)均与原文内容不符。

3.C　【解析】英语中，阅读速度快的人称为good reader，反之，就是poor reader。根据上下文的内容，多数人都属于poor reader，因此选poor(差的)。其它选项不妥。

4.B　【解析】此处的意思是“大多数人早期养成看书慢的习惯”因此选habits(习惯)。training (训练，培训)；situations(形势)；custom(风俗习惯)。

5.A　【解析】此处说的是“主要的困难在于语言的自身要素，即单词”。combines联合；touches接触；involves包括，这三项的词义与原文不符。而lies与in构成搭配，意为“在于”。

6.C　【解析】这里的意思是“如果单个地看这些字，它们并没有什么意义”。some有点；A lot许多；dull单调的。此三项不合题意。只有little(很少)是否定词，合乎逻辑。

7.D【解析】此句意为“作者对未受过阅读训练的人的不良习惯感到遗憾”。Fortunately幸运地；In fact事实上；Logically合乎逻辑地,均不妥。Unfortunately(不幸地)合乎句义。

8.B　【解析】此句意为“在阅读时经常重读(反复读)”因此，选reread重读。reuse再使用；Rewrite改写；recite背诵。

9.A　【解析】此处所填的词既是look back over的宾语，又是you have just read的宾语，只有what能充当这种双重成分。

10.C　　【解析】scales down按比例减少；cuts down削减；此两项不合题意。measures不能与down搭配。只有slow与down搭配的意思“放慢”，在此合适。

11.B　【解析】本段前文已经出现you，在此选one(泛指人们，我们，你)来代替you。some one无此用法。如果用reader，前面应加定冠词。he不能与该段逻辑一致。

12.A　【解析】此句意为“训练快速阅读所使用的工具必然与提高阅读速度有关”，因此选accelerator (快读器)。actor演员；amplifier放大器；observer观察者。

13.D　【解析】前面的faster决定了应当选than，构成比较级。

14.C　【解析】此句意为“快速阅读器迫使你加快阅读速度，使你再也不能逐字阅读，回顾前文内容或者默读”。enabling相当于making possible；leading引导；indicating指出，表明。都不合题意。只有making (使，使得)最合适。

15.B　【解析】这里的意思是“速读最初会影响理解”，所以选comprehension(理解力)。meaning意义，意思，指词或词组表示的意义；gist大意，要旨regression回顾

16.A　【解析】与前半句中的not only相呼应，构成句式“不仅……，而且……”，只有选but，而nor；or或for 均不能构成固定用法。

17.C　【解析】本句中的主语是第三人称复数，物主代词必然是their。

18.B　【解析】take与后面的for instance构成短语，意为：“以……例”，其它三项不能构成搭配。

19.D　【解析】这里提到受训之前与受训之后进行比较,对比，因此选before。

20.D　【解析】此处意为：在较短时间内，读完众多的材料。master掌握；go over复习；present呈现，展现；三项均不妥；只有get through (读完)最恰当。

Most people have no idea of the hard work and worry that goes into the collecting of those fascinating birds and animals that they pay to see in the zoo. One of the questions that is always asked of me is (1) I became an animal collector in the first (2). The answer is that I have always been interested in animals and zoos. According to my parents, the first word I was able to say with any (3) was not the conventional “mamma” or “daddy”, (4) the word “zoo”, which I would (5) over and over again with a shrill (6) until someone, in groups to (7) me up, would take me to the zoo. When I (8) a little older, we lived in Greece and I had a great (9) of pets, ranging from owls to seahorses, and I spent all my spare time (10) the countryside in search of fresh specimens to (11) to my collection of pets. (12) on I went for a year to the City Zoo, as a student (13) , to get experience of the large animals, such as lions, bears, bison and ostriches, (14) were not easy to keep at home. When I left, I (15) had enough money of my own to be able to (16) my first trip and I have been going (17) ever since then. Though a collector's job is not an easy one and is full of (18), it is certainly a job which will appeal (19) all those who love animals and (20) .

1.A.how B. where C. when D. whether

2.A.region B. field C. place D. case

3.A.clarity B. emotion C. sentiment D. affection

4.A.except B. but C. except for D. but for

5.A.recite B. recognize C. read D. repeat

6.A.volume B. noise C. voice D. pitch

7.A.close B. shut C. stop D. comfort

8.A.grew B. was growing C. grow D. grown

9.A.many B. amount C. number D. supply

10.A.living B. cultivating C. reclaiming D. exploring

11.A.increase B. include C. add D. enrich

12.A.later B. further C. then D. subsequently

13.A.attendant B. keeper C. member D. aide14.A.who B. they C. of which D. which

15.A.luckily B. gladly C. nearly D. successfully

16.A.pay B. provide C. allow D. finance

17.A.normally B. regularly C. usually D. often

18.A.expectations B. sorrows C. excitement D. disappointments

19.A.for B. with C. to D. from

20.A.excursion B. travel C. journey D. Trip

1. A　根据下一句及随后的内容，作者讲的是怎样成为动物爱好者的(从小就喜欢动物)，应当选择A.how。

2. C 【解析】in the first place是固定短语,意思是“首先”。此句意思是：别人经常问到的问题之一，是当初我是如何爱上动物的。

3. A　这句话的意思是：作者在呀呀学语之时,最早发清楚的音是“zoo”(动物园),而不是“妈妈”,“爸爸”,因此,应选clarity“清晰”。填入其他选项emotion (感情),sentiment(多愁善感),affection(友爱)不合逻辑。

4. B　【解析】but在此处连接另一个句子(it was the word“zoo”,“it was”被省略)，表示转折，意为“而是”，Except, except for, but for的用法接近，表示“除了……”。

5.D　【解析】根据后面的over and over again,应选“repeat”

6.C　【解析】小孩想去动物园,便不停地发出尖叫声,故选“voice”。A shrill voice与scream的意思接近。volume(音量)；noise(噪音)；pitch(音调)均不合要求。

7.B 【解析】shut sb.up是指让某人住口，为了让孩子停止尖叫，只好带他去动物园。

8.A　【解析】根据后面主句的时态，此处只能用一般过去时。

9.C　【解析】a great many后直接跟可数名词的复数形式；a great / large amount of后跟不可数名词；只有a great /large number of后可以跟可数名词的复数形式。

10 D 　【解析】living后必须接介词in，意为“居住”；cultivating耕种；reclaiming开垦；只有exploring有探察的意思。

11.C 　【解析】add to相当于increase，增加。其余选项后面都不接to。

12.A【解析】later on为固定短语，“后来”。

13. D　【解析】attendant仆人；keeper可理解为“饲养员”，但是a student- keeper容易被误解为“收留学生的人”；aide有“助手”之义。作者一边上学，一边在动物园里打工，只能当助手。

14. D 　【解析】which在此引导定语从句，修饰前面列出的动物。

15.D 　【解析】因为钱是在动物园打工挣的，选successfully更能体现其含义。

16.D 　【解析】finance my first trip意为“支付我的旅行费用”；pay后应接介词for；其他选项的意思相差甚远。

17.B 　【解析】此句为现在完成进行时态,选regularly比较贴切。

18.D　　【解析】此句是由though引导的让步状语从句，应与主句意思相对立。选项中，sorrows和disappointments与主句的appeal to相对立，但sorrows的分量太重。

19.C 　【解析】appeal to为成语，意思是“吸引”。

20.B 　【解析】excursion短途旅行；journey(从一地到另一地的)长距离，具体的旅途；travel旅行，旅游，海外旅行；trip旅行，远足。