I. Reading Comprehension
Directions: Read the following passage and do the following comprehension exercise.
Shams and delusions are esteemed for soundest truths, while reality is fabulous. If men would steadily observe realities only, and not allow themselves to be deluded, life, to compare it with such things as we know, would be like a fairy tale and the Arabian Nights’ Entertainments. If we respected only what is inevitable and has a right to be , music and poetry would resound along the streets. When we are unhurried and wise, we perceive that only great and worthy things have any permanent and absolute existence, --that petty fears and petty pleasure are but the shadow of reality. This is always exhilarating and sublime. By closing the eyes and slumbering, by consenting to be deceived by shows, men establish and confirm their daily life of routine and habit everywhere, which still is built on purely illusory foundation. Children, who play life, discern its true law and relations more clearly than men, who fail to live worthily, but who think that they are wiser by experience, that is, by failure. I have read in a Hindoo book, that “there was a king’s son, who, being expelled in infancy from his native city, was brought up by a forester, and, growing up to maturity in that state, imagined himself to belong to the barbarous race with which be lived. One of his father’s ministers having discovered him, revealed to him what he was, and the misconception of his character was removed, and he knew himself to be a prince. So soul, from the circumstances in which it is placed, mistakes its own character, until the truth is revealed to it by some holy teacher, and then it knows itself to be Brahme.” We think that that is which appears to be. If a man should give us an account of the realities he beheld, we should not recognize the place in his description. Look at a meeting-house, or a court-house, or a jail, or a shop. Or a dwelling-house, and say what that thing really is before a true gaze, and they would all go to pieces in your account of them. Men esteem truth remote, in the outskirts of the system, behind the farthest star, before Adam and after the last man. In eternity there is indeed something true and sublime. But all these times and places and occasions are now and here. God himself culminates in the present moment, and will never be more divine in the lapse of all ages. And we are enabled to apprehend at all what is sublime and noble only by the perpetual instilling and drenching of the reality that surrounds us. The universe constantly and obediently answers to our conceptions; whether we travel fast or slow, the track is laid for us. Let us spend our lives in conceiving then. The poet or the artist never yet had as fair and noble a design but some of his posterity at least could accomplish it.
1. The writer’s attitude toward the arts is one of ________.
A. admiration B. indifference C. suspicion D. repulsion
2. The author believes that a child ________.
A. should practice what the Hindoos preach
B. frequently faces vital problems better than grownups do
C. hardly ever knows his true origin
D. is incapable of appreciating the arts
3. The author is primarily concerned with urging the reader to _______.
A. look to the future for enlightenment
B. appraise the present for its true value
C. honor the wisdom of the past ages
D. spend more time in leisure activities.
4. The passage is primarily concerned with problem of ________.
A. history and economics
B. society and population
C. biology and physics
D. theology and philosophy.
II. Short-answer Questions
Directions: Read the following passage and answer the questions below.
When I was younger, I used to take a long walk after my birthday festivities. The gifts were examined and enjoyed, the candles were blown, and the cake was eaten. It was time for reflecting. As I walked, I used to ask myself: What has happened to me during the past year, and where was I heading? The many things that happened—both good and bad—were unanticipated. I took them in stride without much thought. They became part of my life and I adjusted to them, often unknowingly. Now it was time to bring these events and my own behavior to the fore. It was time to think about them consciously. As I grew older, I recognize that this walk need not take place on birthdays only. From time to time, it is important to stop and take stock.
This book invites you, the reader, to take this kind of a long walk. Where was trust and honesty in America in the past, and where it is going? But wait! Is this walk necessary? Who would object to trust and honesty? After all, reputation for honesty is valuable and advantageous. Everyone knows that trust and honesty are important in both personal and business relationships.
And yet, why does talk about these virtues sound like the “Sermon from the Mount,” a “holier than thou” speech? Why does it “feel” divorced from “reality” and why is seeking trust and honesty viewed by some people as “hopeless”? There is a nagging suspicion that reality is not about being honest but about seeming to be honest; that reality is about discovering what is behind the facade of honesty, because surely such a facade exists. It is tiring and tiresome to live in such a reality, with innuendoes and vague signals raising anxious concerns that what we see is not what truly is.
Just the other day, I received a card to be opened immediately, by “American Senior Alliance,” P.O. Box 100125, Marietta, GA, 30061-9900. It notifies senior citizens of changes in the law, offers help, and seeks information. Tucker Sutherland, editor of Senior Journal, suggests that this organization “should be viewed with caution” because “no one has been able to locate this company.” He advises “seniors not respond to the mailing” (see the website available online at [http://seniorjournal.com NEWS/Features/4-111-30AmSrAllicanc.htm.]. This card was received a year ago, but fraudulent e-mails seeking information “to update” my accounts (which I do not have) continue to arrive. And little has changed, except that we might become jaded and used to this. Seniors and citizens must be careful; check and recheck actions and publications by “strangers.” Do not trust—verify! This is a tiring, tiresome, and “hopeless” reality.
And yet, we have some power over our reality. We are the ones who shape our
relationships with others. And even though we cannot dictate the behavior of everyone, we can influence how we, as well as others, would behave: We are not merely followers but also leaders. Make no mistake about it. We might imitate the behavior of others, but others follow our behavior, be they our children, our students, our spouses, our peers, and sometimes our superiors and the public. Our reaction to the above advertising may change the behavior of the people who wrote the advertising and the behavior of seniors generally. If this is a sham organization, people need not wait for the government to find the senders of the advertising, and to punish them for trying to defraud helpless people. If the millions of potential victims decide to help enforce trust and honesty, they present a formidable force that can do part of the job. Few can become policemen. But many more can work hard to change attitudes, both their own and others.
This book is about the empowerment of those who would like to see America moving toward a higher level of trust and honesty. It invites the reader to take the long walk and reflect on where America is today, where America is going, and—if the direction is wrong—what the reader can do about it.
Questions
1. What does the writer compare the research of trust and honesty to?
_____________________________
2. Which part may this passage belong to in a book?
_____________________________
3. What is “hopeless” reality, according to the writer?
_____________________________
4. What should those victims who received the sham advertising do, according to the writer?
_____________________________
Key:
I. 1. A. 2. B. 3. B. 4. D.
II.
1. the walk after the birthday party
2. preface
3. reality that is not about being honest but about seeming to be honest; about discovering what is behind the facade of honesty
4. work hard to change attitudes, both their own and others to enforce trust and honesty