时态名称 | 结构 | 常连用的词 | 主要用法 | 例句 |
一般现在时 | 1 be动词用am/is/are表示,之后接名词,形容词或介词。 | often; usually; every…; sometimes; always; never; once/twice/… a week/month/year; on Sundays/Mondays/….; | 1.一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的习惯性的动作或状态,或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态; 2.表示普遍真理或客观存在的事物。 | 陈述句:I am an office worker. He is so lazy. They are at home now. 否定句:I am not Tim. She is not very beautiful. They are not in the office. 一般疑问句:Are you an office assistant? Is she beautiful? |
2行为动词用V原形或V-s/es,引导疑问句和否定句,用do或don’t;第三人称时用does或doesn’t,有does出现动词用原形;第三人称陈述句V后加s或es. | 陈述句:I work in Shanghai. He works at home. Davy never watches TV at home. 否定句: I don’t like the food in KFC. Davy doesn’t like the food in KFC either. 一般疑问句: Do you want a cup of coffee? Does she live near the subway station? 表客观真理: The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. | |||
一般过去时 | 1.be动词用过去式was或 were表示; | yesterday; the day before yesterday; last week/month/year/….; … ago; a moment ago; just now; in+过去的时间; | 1.在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 2.表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。 | 陈述句:I was a big boss. He was beautiful. We were in Beijing last year. 否定句: I was not at home at that moment. We were not at work yesterday. 一般疑问句: Were you a teacher? Was she in the office last week? |
2行为动词用V-ed,陈述句,疑问句和否定句借助于did,有did出现动词用原形。 | 陈述句:I worked in Sunmoon. We studied English there. He lived in Hong Kong. 否定句: I didn’t work here. They didn’t see me. She liked English a lot. 一般疑问句: Did you go to America? Did he work in Sunmoon? 表过去经常性或习惯性的动词 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. |
时态名称 | 结构 | 常连用的词 | 主要用法 | 例句 |
一般将来时 | 1 任何人称+will+V原形 第一人称+shall+V原形 | tomorrow, this evening, this afternoon… the day after tomorrow; soon; next week/month/year/...; the week/month/year/... after next; in+一段时间;. | 即将发生动作或状态。 | 陈述句: I will fly to Hong Kong tomorrow. He will go with us. We will arrive in Shanghai next week. 否定句: I will never believe you again. He will not come tonight. We will not buy a car next year. 一般疑问句: Will you go there by train? Will he come tomorrow? Will they live a five-star hotel? |
2 is/am/are+ going to+ V原形,表示计划打算做什么事情。 | 陈述句:I’m going to go to Kongkong by air. 否定句:We are not going to buy a house here. 一般疑问句:Are they going to change their jobs? 特殊疑问句:How are you going to tell him? | |||
过去将来时 | was/were going to +V原形 | 多用在宾语从句中 | 在过去将会发生的动作。 | 陈述句: I was going to buy a computer. They told me that they were not going to go abroad. 否定句: I was not going to buy a computer at that time. |
任何人称+would +V原形 | He said he would come to Shanghai. I said I would buy you a car one day. I didn’t know if she was going to come. |
时态名称 | 结构 | 常连用的词 | 主要用法 | 例句 |
现在进行时 | be (is/am/are)+V-ing | now; at present; at the moment; Look!(放在句首); Listen! (放在句首); | 1.表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情或某时间段正在进行的动词。 | 陈述句: I’m waiting for my friend. He is doing the housework at home now. We are enjoying ourselves. 否定句: He is not playing toys. 一般疑问句: Are you having dinner at home? Is Tim cooking in the kitchen? 特殊疑问句: What are you doing now? Where are they having a meal? |
2.瞬间动词的进行时表将来含义 (e.g. come, go arrive, leave, finish, start, begin等) e.g. We’re arriving at Bell Tower. | ||||
过去进行时 | was/were+ V-ing | just then at that time; at this time yesterday; at+时间点+yesterday/last night; at that moment; | 过去某个时刻正在发发生的动作或过去某一段时间正在进行的动作。 | 陈述句: I was doing my homework at that time. We were having a party while he was sleeping. 否定句: He was not sleeping at 11 o’clock last night. 一般疑问句: Were you watching TV at that time? 特殊疑问句: What were you doing at that moment? |
时态名称 | 结构 | 常连用的词 | 主要用法 | 例句 |
现在完成时 | 助动词have/has+ p.p (过去分词) | already;just;before; yet(否定句中);ever;never; for+一段时间; since +时间点; since+一段时间+ago; by+现在时间; so far; up to now; till now; until now; recently/lately; during/over/in the past/last…. | 用来表示1. 之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,对现在造成的影响和结果;2. 也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。 简单的说,就是动作已经发生对现在造成明显的影响。 | 陈述句:I have already told Davy. Davy has known this matter. He has lived here for nearly 10 years. 否定句:I haven’t finished my homework.. Tim hasn’t come yet. We haven’t heard any news about him. 一般疑问句: Has he worked here since he came here? 特殊疑问句: How long have you worked in this company? |
特别注意: | 1.have/has always been+名词/形容词/介词:总是或一直是什么样子。 He has always been a good father. I have always been busy. They have always been in America. | |||
2.have/has gone to:去了,在去某地的路上或在某地(去而未归) He has gone to Beijing. They have gone to the cinema. 3.have/has been to:表示去过或到过(已归) I have been to Canada. Have you been to Hong Kong? Where have you been? I have never been to Beijing. | 4.have/has been in: 已经在,常与一段时间连用 He has been in Shenyang for ten years. | |||
5. 瞬间动词(buy, die, join, lose……)不能直接与for 或since 引导的时间段连用,要改变成延续性动词。变化如下: come/arrive/reach/get to--be in go out----be out leave--- be away begin/start---be on finish----be over open----be open die----be dead buy---have borrow---keep fall ill---be ill come back---be back put on ---be on/wear worry---be worried catch a cold---have a cold join---be in e.g. The class has been on for ten minutes. I have kept this book for 15 days. | ||||
过去完成时 | 助动词 had + p.p (过去分词) | 1.by+过去的时间,如:by last week, by the end of last year等 2.表“过去某动作或时间以前”的时间状语。 | 动作发生在过去的过去,“过去的过去”。
| 陈述句:He said he had told Davy. They told us they had finished the work. He left the office after he had called Davy. 否定句: She hadn’t had dinner before she went out. 一般疑问句: Had she learnt English before she moved here? 特殊疑问句:How many English words had he learnt by the end of last year? 根据上下文(语境)来判断使用过去完成时,如: I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing. |