姓名 | 冉智慧 | 年级 | 应用部2年级 | 计划课时数 | 6节 | |
课题 | 英语语法复习专项----形容词和副词 | |||||
教 学 目 标 | 1、 2、形容词的概念和基本用法 3、 4、副词的概念和基本用法 5、 6、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的基本构成 7、 8、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的基本用法和部分特殊用法 | |||||
难 点 重 点 | 1、 2、形容词和副词的基本用法区别 3、 4、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的形式 | |||||
任教班级课 堂 教 学 内 容 | 课前 检查 | 作业完成情况:优□ 良□ 中□ 差□ 建议__________________________________________ | ||||
过 程 | 英语语法 形容词和副词 知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点! 一、形容词 用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词,叫形容词。 形容词的作用,见下表: 作 用 | 例 句 | ||||
定 语 | You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden. | |||||
表 语 | Your coat is too small. | |||||
宾语补足语 | The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy. |
Don't wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep.
The old man is alone.
形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词,要放在这些词的后面。例如:
You'd better tell us something interesting.
The police found nothing strange in the room.
多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是:1)冠词或人称代词? 2)数词? 3)性质 4)大小? 5)形状
6)表示老少,新旧? 7)颜色? 8)事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。例如:
His grandpa still lives in this small short house.
他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。
The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates.
那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。
形容词名词化:有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词,表示一类人,谓语常用复数。这类词有:rich / poor;
good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。例如:
The young should take good care of the old.
年轻人应该好好照顾老人。
The rich never help the poor in this country.
在这个国家,富人从来不帮助穷人。
表示数量的词组。如:
One day, a young man, twenty-five years old, came to visit the professor.
有一天,一位25岁的年轻人来拜访这位教授。
I live in a building about fifty meters high.
我住在一做大约50米高的大楼里。
形容词短语做定语时要后置。如:
They are the students easy to teach.
他们是很容易较的学生。
We live in a house much larger than yours.
我们住的房子比你们的大得多。
else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。如:
Did you see anybody else?
你看到别的人了吗?
二、副词
英语中副词的位置和汉语不尽相同,它的位置比较灵活。通常用作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等。下面来介绍一下副词的分类方法:
多数副词都可以放在它所修饰的动词后面。如:
We are living happily.
我们幸福的生活着。
He runs slowly.
他跑的很慢。
时间副词、地点副词和方式副词一般放在句末。如:
They went to the park yesterday morning.
昨天上午他们去公园了。
I heard him sing English songs over there.
我听见他在那边唱英语歌曲。
He drove the jeep carefully.
他小心地开着吉普。
注意: 有时表示时间的副词也可放在句首,起强调作用。如:
Yesterday I got up late.
昨天我起床很晚。
频度副词一般放在be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后,实义动词之前
如:He is seldom ill.
? 他很少生病。
You must always remember this.
你一定要记住这一点。
I often write to my parents.
我经常写信给父母。
Do you usually go to school on foot.
? 你经常走路去上学?
? He has never been to Beijing.
? 他从来没有去过北京。
注意: 有时为了加强语气,频度副词也可放在句首。如:
Sometimes she goes to school by bus and sometimes she goes to school by bike.
有时她乘公共汽车上学,有时骑自行车去。
程度副词修饰动词时,与频度副词相同,修饰形容词和副词时,放在它所修
饰的词前面。如:
That's quite early.
那很早。
I nearly missed the bus.
我几乎错过了公交车。
She did rather badly.
她干得相当糟。
否定副词一般放在动词之前、系动词be或助动词之后。如:
She seldom goes out at night.
她晚上很少出门。
I am never late for school.
我上学从不迟到。
We had hardly got to the station when the train left.
火车离开时,我们差不多/几乎到了车站。
疑问副词放在特殊疑问句的句首。如:
When can you come?
你什么时候来?
How many days are there in a month?
一个月有多少天?
What are you going to do when you grow up?
张大以后,你打算干什么?
Where were you born?
你是在那里出生的?
Why didn't he come?
他为什么没有来?
关系副词when, where, why 引导定语从句时,位于从句之前、所修饰的词之后。如:
Tell me the reason why you did it.
把你这样做的理由告诉我。
It's the sort of day when you'd like to stay in bed.
这是个令人恋床不起的日子。
I don't know the place where we will go.
我不知道我们将要去的地方。
同时存在时间状语和地点状语时,时间状语一般放在后面。如:
The meeting will be held in the classroom tomorrow.
明天会议将在教室里举行。
He watched TV in his room last night.
他作晚在房间里看电视。
They arrived in Beijing at 8 o'clock last evening.
他们昨天晚上8:00到达北京。
注:有些词既可用做形容词也可副词。如:
late, wide, well, fast, easy, early 等
The road is so wide that 8 buses can go throw it at a time.
Open your mouth wide.
三、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化方法如下:
1) 符合规则的:
情 况 | 加 法 | 例 词 |
一 般 情 况 | 直接加 -er ; -est | tall-taller-tallest |
以e结尾的词 | 加 –r ; -st | nice-nicer-nicest |
以“辅音+y”结尾的词 | 变y为i再加-er ; -est | dry-drier-driest heavy-heavier-heaviest |
以一个辅音字母结尾的词 | 辅音字母双写,再加-er ; -est | thin-thinner-thinnest |
多音节和部分双音节单词 | 在词前加 more ; most | more delicious most delicious |
原 级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
good , well | better | best |
bad , ill | worse | worst |
many , much | more | most |
little | less | least |
far | farther / further | farthest / furthest |
级别 | 比较程度 | 表达方式和意义 | 例 句 | 备 注 | |
原 级 | 同 等 程 度 | 肯 定 形 式 | As+原级+as (像……一样) | Art is as interesting as music. Play as well as you can. | |
否 定 形 式 | not + so (as) +原级+as (不如……那样) | English is not so difficult as science. She does not study so well as I do. | |||
比较级 | 不同程度 (用于两者比较) | 比较级+than (比……) | Jim is older than Luky. I like pork better than beef. | 比较级前面可以加 much, far, even, still, a lot, a little, a bit等 | |
程度加深 | 比较级+and+比较级 (越来越……) The + 比较级,the + 比较级 (越……, 越……) | He is growing taller and taller. He studies better and better. The more books she reads, the better she understand. | |||
最高级 | 最高程度 (用于三者或三者以上) | The +最高级+of (in) (最……) | Spring is the best season of the year. Lin Tao jumped (the) farthest of all. | 副词最高级前面的the 往往省略 |
例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!
He is ________ friends than I.
A. much more B. many more C. very more D. too more
解析: 后面有可数名词复数时, many的比较级形式为many more 修饰。 应选B.
2. Which is the _________ country, Japan or Australia?
A. more developed B. more developing C. most developed D. most developing
解析: 两者比较用比较级, 表示"发达"用 developed, 而developing 是 "发展中的"? 意思
3.?There were _______ shops in the city in 1982 than in 1990.
A. little? B. few? C. fewer D. less
解析:little 不能修饰可数名词,两者比较需用比较级, 所以应选C.
4. If you are not free today, come another day __________.
A. too B. so C. instead? D. yet
? 解析:instead 作副词用时意为"代替,顶替", 表示前面的事情没做, 而是做了后面的事。Instead一般位于句首。应选C.
5.He can't tell us ________, I think.
A. important anything? B. anything important?
C. important something? D. something important.
? 解析:不定代词与形容词联用需后置,否定句中应该用anything而不是something. 因此应选B
6. The Huang River is the second __________ river in our country.
? A. long? B. longer C. longest? D. the longest
? 解析:"定冠词the+ 序数词 + 形容词最高级 " 表示"第几大……" 应选C.
7. The light in the office wasn't ________for him to read.
? A. enough bright B. bright enough? C. brightly D. enough brightly
? 解析:enough修饰名词时可前可后, 修饰形容词或副词时, 要后置。应选B.
8. There was an accident at the corner. ________, the girl wasn't _________hurt.
? A. luckily, badly B. luck, hardly C. Lucky, heavily? D. Lucky, strongly
? 解析:第一空修饰全句需用副词,第二空修饰形容词hurt也要用副词, 因此选A.
9. You must keep your eyes _________ when you do eye exercises.
A. close B. open C. closed? D., opened
? 解析: 此处需用形容词做宾语补足语。 应选C.
10. Five days has passed , but I haven't finished half of the work. ________,
A. already B. still C. too D. yet
解析:already 与 yet 都可用于现在完成时态。Already常用于肯定句, 而yet 常用与否定句。应选D.
练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩!
选择最佳答案填空:
Don't worry, sir. I'm sure I can run _________ to catch up with them.
A. slowly enough? B. enough slowly? C. fast enough? D. enough fast
2. The text is very easy for you. There are ________ new words in it.
A. a few? B. a little? C. few? D. little
3. It's such an ________ film that all the students are ______ in it.
A. interesting; interested? B. interested; interesting? C. interesting; interesting? D. interested; interested; interested
4. Mingming got up very _______,so he came to school half an hour ______.
A. late; lately? B. lately; late? C. lately; lately? D. late; late
5. I am ________ worried about y parents' healthy conditions.
A. some times? B. sometime? C. sometimes? D. some times
6. We don't have ________ every day.
A. a lot of school works? B. many school work? C. any school works? D. much school work
7. -Look! How fast the two horses are running!
? --Oh, yes! They are nearly _______.
A. up and down? B. slower and slower? C. more or less? D. neck and neck
8. ______ children there are in family,_______ their life will be.
A. The less; the better? B. The fewer; the better? C. Fewer; richer? D. More; poorer
9. Most of the people in Guangdong are getting ________.
A. more and more rich? B. more rich and more rich? C. richer and richer? D. richer and richest
10. Which lesson is _______, this one or that one?
A. difficult? B. much difficult? C. more difficult? D. the most difficult
11. "A ______ accident happened at 7:30 a.m." said the policeman _______.
A. serious, serious? B. seriously, seriously? C. seriously, serious? D. serious, seriously
12. ________ is it from our school to Lupu Bridge?
A. How long? B. How often? C. How far? D. How much
13. In our city, it is ______ in July, but it is even _______ in August.
A. hotter; hottest? B. hot; hot? C. hotter; hot? D. hot; hotter
14. This pencil is ______ that one.
A. so long as? B. as longer as? C. longer than? D. not as longest as
15. The station is two kilometers _______ the hospital.
A. away to? B. far away? C. far from? D. away from
16. Beijing has ______ many buses that there is often a traffic jam in rush hours.
A. so? B. very? C. too? D. much
17. This box is ______ heavy ________ I can't carry it.
A. too, to? B. so, that? C. very, that? D. too, that
18. India has the second _______ population in the world.
A. larger? B. most? C. smallest? D. largest
19. Mary received ________ many postcards at Christmas.
A. so? B. such? C. too? D. even
20. The cake smells ______. Please throw it away.
A. good? B. badly? C. bad? D. well | ||||||
课 堂 检 测 | 听课及知识掌握情况反馈_________________________________________________________。 测试题(累计不超过20分钟)_______道;成绩_______;教学需:加快□;保持□;放慢□;增加内容□ | |||||
课 后 巩 固 | 作业_____题; 巩固复习____________________ ; 预习布置_____________________ | |||||
教学反思 |