
Part Ⅰ Cloze (0. 5 x 20 = 10 % )
Directions:In this part you are asked to choose the best word for each blank in the passage. Write your answers on the answer sheet.
After yuppies and dinkies, a new creature from ad land stalks the block. The NYLON, an acronym linking New York and London, is a refinement of those more familiar categories such as jet-setters and cosmocrats (cosmopolitan aristocrats---do keep up). Marketing professionals have noted that 1 the demise of Concorde, a new class of high-earner increasingly 2 his or her time shuttling 3 the twin capitals of globalization. And NYLONS prefer their home comforts 4 tap in both cities. Despite the impressive
5 of air miles, they are not adventurous people.
As 6 from Tom Wolfe's Masters of the Universe of the 1980s NYLONS have done more than well 7 the long boom and new economy of the last ten years. They are DJs, chefs, games designers, Internet entrepreneurs, fashionistas, publishers and even a(n) 8 band of journalists and writers. They are self-con-sciously trendy and some are even able to 9 houses in both cities. Others will put up 10 a house in one, and a view 11 a room in the 12 .Of course, their horizons do 13 beyond just New York and London. For many, Los Angeles is an important shopping mall.
More significantly for ad land, NYLONS provide some useful marketing savings. Campaigns no longer have to differ very much in the two cities, 14 NYLONS bring them ever closer together. The restaurants are the same, with Nobu now in London and Conran in New York. Many plays 15 in both cities at the same time, and DJs shuttle between the two, 16 the same garage to the same people in 17 clubs. Time Out and Wallpaper are the magazines of 18 All this is fine for NYLONS. But not so much 19 for everybody else watching Notting Hill turn 20 a pale imitation of Greenwich Village
1. A. regardless of B. even though C. although D. despite
2. A. uses B. spends C. expends D. costs
3. A. between B. among C. amid D. amongst
4. A. at B. in C. on D. above
5. A. figure B. quantity C. number D. amount
6. A. distinct B. distinctive C. discrete D. diverse
7. A. within B. outside C. beyond D. out of
8. A. select B. choice C. excellent D. exquisite
9. A. offer B. provide C. buy D. afford
10. A. for B. with C. on D. to
11. A. in B. of C. with D. upon
12. A. other B. another C. rest D. else
13. A. enlarge B. extend C. expand D. widen
14. A. but B. though C. as D. while
15. A. present B. display C. run D. show
16. A. performing B. playing C. presenting D. acting
17. A. same B. likely C. similar D. like
18. A. choice B. pick C. selection D. preference
19. A. fun B. funny C. amusing D. interesting
20. A. up B. into C. in D. out
1I. Reading comprehension (20 x 2 = 40 % )
Directions: There are four passages in this part. After each passage, there are five questions. you are to choose the best answer for each question. Write your answers on the answer sheet.
Passage One
The housing market has been for two years propping up consumers' spirits while the rest of the economy lies exhausted on the floor, still trying to straggle to its feet. According to the National Association of Realtors, the national median existing-home price ended the year at $ 1, 000, up 7.1 percent from 2001. That's the strongest annual increase since 1980.
Although residential real estate activity makes up less than 8% of total U. S. GDP, a housing market like this one can make the difference between positive and negative growth. Most significantly, consumer spending is 66% of GDP, and the purchase of a new home tends to have an "umbrella effect" on the homeowner's spending as he has to stock it with a washer/dryer, a new big-screen TV, and maybe a swing set for the yard.
The main factor in housing's continued strength is a classic economic example of zero-sum boom: the persistent weakness everywhere else. As the 2003 recovery continues to be more forecast than reality. Falling stock prices raised investor appeal for U. S. Treasury Bonds, which in turn, allowed most interest rates to drift even lower. But there are not many signs that there's a bubble ready to burst.
December's new record in housing starts, for example, was nicely matched by the new record in new home sales. If you build it, they will buy and even if an economic pickup starts to reduce housing's relative attractiveness, there's no reason why modest economic growth and improved consumer mood can't help sustaining housing's strength. "The momentum gained from low mortgage interest rates will carry strong home sales into 2003, with an improving economy offsetting modestly higher mortgage interest rates as the year progresses," said David Lereah, chief economist at the National Association of Realtors.
Just as housing has taken up much of the economic slack for the past two years, both as a comforting investment for fretting consumers and a driver of consumer spending itself, a big bump elsewhere in the economy in 2003 could be housing's downfall. If stocks roar back this spring, capital inflows could steal from the bond market, pushing up long-term interest rates. Or Alan Greenspan and the Fed could do the same to short-term rates, as a way to hit the brakes on a recovery that is heating up too fast. In other words, if every-thing possible goes wrong for housing, homeowners should have plenty to compensate them in terms of job security and income hikes.
21. The author draws a contrast between the housing market and the rest of the economy to show________
A. the role of real estate activity B. the statistics on home prices
C. the boom of housing market D the degree of consumer spirits
22. According to the writer, what may be chiefly responsible for the "umbrella effect"(Paragraph2)?
A. Sustainable bond markets. B. Robust housing market.
C. Bubbly stock markets. D. Ill-natured consumers.
23. By the expression "zero-sum boom" (Paragraph 3), the writer means _______
A. housing's continued strength and the persistent weakness may cancel each other out.
B. there are signs that improved consumer mood fails to help sustain housing's strength.
C. stock price' negative growth will ultimately offset housing market's positive strength.
D. higher mortgage interest rates are compatible with the recovery of the economy.
24. It is implied in the passage that the economy in the year 2003 may ______
A. grow moderately B. struggle to its feet. C. heat up too fast D. continue to boom.
25. What is the writer's attitude toward future housing market?
A. Carefree. B. Optimistic. C. Composed. D. Gloomy.
Passage Two
Biologically, there is only one quality which distinguishes us from animals: the ability to laugh. In a universe which appears to be utterly devoid of humor, we enjoy this supreme luxury. And it is a luxury, for unlike any other bodily process, laughter does not seem serve a biologically useful purpose. In a divided world, a laughter is a unifying force. Human begins oppose each other on a great many issues. Nations may disagree about systems of government and human relations may be plagued by ideological factions and political camps, but we all share the ability to laugh. And laughter, in turn, depends on the most complex and subtle of all-human qualities: a sense of humor. Certain comic stereotypes have a universal appeal. This can best be seen from the world-wide popularity of Charlie Chaplain's early films. The little man at odds with society never fails to amuse no matter which country we come from. As that great commentator on human affairs, Dr. Samuel Johnson, once remarked, "Men have been wise in very different modes; but they have always laughed in the same way."
A sense of humor may take various forms and laughter may he anything from refined tinkle to an earth-quaking roar, but the effect is always the same. Humor helps us to maintain a correct sense of values. It is the one quality which political fanatics appear to lack. If we can see the funny side, we never make the mistake of taking ourselves too seriously. We are always reminded that tragedy is not really far removed from comedy, so we never get a lop-sided view of things.
This is one of the chief functions of satire and irony. Human pain and suffering are so grim; we hover so often on the brink of war, political realities are usually enough to plunge us into total despair. In such circumstances, cartoons and satirical accounts of somber political events redress the balance. They take the wind out of pompous and arrogant politicians who have lost their sense of proportion. They enable us to see that many of our most profound actions are merely comic or absurd. We laugh when a great satirist like Swift writes about wars in Gulliver's Travels. The Lilliputians and their neighbors attack each other because they can't agree which end to break an egg. We laugh because we are meant to laugh; but we are meant to weep too. It is no wonder that in totalitarian regimes any satire against the Establishment is wholly banned. It is too powerful weapon to be allowed to flourish.
The sense of humor must be singled out as man's most important quality because it is associated with laughter. And laughter, in turn, is associated with happiness. Courage, determination, initiative -- these are qualities we share with other forms of life. But the sense of humor is uniquely human. If happiness is one of the great goals of life, then it is the sense of humor that provides the key.
26. The author quotes Dr. Samuel Johnson's words to_____
A.criticize the hypocrisy of politicians B. readdress the popularity of Chaplin.
C.illustrate a universal appeal of humor D. ban satires in totalitarian regimes
27. According to the author, which of the following can be a chief function of the sense of humor?
A. Strengthening human relations. B. Keeping a correct sense of values.
C. Eliminating comic stereotypes. D. Singling out adverse comments.
28. If one gets a lop-sided view of things, he is likely to ________
A.detach tragedy from comedy B. associate humor with laughter
C. identify pain with happiness D. combine satire with irony
29. We can infer from Paragraph 3 that_______
A. Satires and ironies overemphasize less serious aspects of human life.
B. Arrogant politicians enable others to appreciate profound actions.
C. Many issues on trivialities may arise for lack of a touch of humor.
D. A sense of humor inevitably prompts us to take ourselves seriously.
30. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?
A. Satire and irony can be very harsh and cruel, not funny at all.
B. It is absurd to stress the quality of humor at the expense of others.
C. Human affairs are often an inappropriate subject for humor.
D. A sense of humor is the most important of all human qualities.
Passage Three
"Popular art" has a number of meanings, impossible to define with any precision, which range from folklore to junk. The poles are clear enough, but the middle tends to blur. The Hollywood Western of the 1930's for example, has elements of folklore, but is closer to junk than to high art or folk art. There can be great trash, just as there is bad high art. The musicals of George Gershwin are great popular art, never aspiring to high art. Schubert and Brahms, however, used elements of popular music -- folk themes -- in works clearly intended as high art. The case of Verdi is a different one: he took a popular genre -- bourgeois melodrama set to music (an accurate definition of nineteenth-century opera) and, without altering its fundamental nature, transmuted it into high art. This remains one of the greatest achievements in music, and one that cannot be fully appreciated without recognizing the essential trashiness of the genre.
As an example of such a transmutation, consider what Verdi made of the typical political elements of nineteenth-century opera. Generally in the plots of these operas, a hero or heroine -- usually portrayed only as an individual, unfettered by class -- is caught between the immoral corruption of the aristocracy and the doctrinaire rigidity o r secret greed of the leaders of the proletariat. Verdi transforms this naive and unlikely formulation with music of extraordinary energy and rhythmic vitality, music more subtle than it seems at first hearing. There are scenes and arias that still sound like calls to arms and were clearly understood as such when they were first performed. Such pieces lend an immediacy to the otherwise veiled political message of these operas and call up feelings beyond those of the opera itself
Or consider Verdi's treatment of character. Before Verdi, there were rarely any characters at all in musical drama, only a series of situations which allowed the singers to express a series of emotional states. Any attempt to find coherent psychological portrayal in these operas is misplaced ingenuity. The only coherence was the singer's vocal technique: when the cast changed, new arias were almost always substituted, generally adapted from other operas. Verdi’s characters, on the other hand, have genuine consistency and integrity. Even if, in many cases, the consistency is that of pasteboard melodrama, the integrity of the character is achieved through the music: once he had become established. Verdi did not rewrite his music for different singers or countenance alterations or substitutions of somebody else's arias in one of his operas, as every
Eighteenth century composer had done. When he revised an opera, it was only for dramatic economy and effectiveness.
31. By referring to Schubert and Brahms, the author suggests that
A. the works produced in the 18th century can be all considered as trash.
B. the achievements of the two artists overshadow that of Verdi.
C. popular music could be applied to compositions intended as high art.
D. the term of popular music is susceptible to many definitions.
32. According to the passage, the immediacy of the political message in Verdi's operas stems from The________
A.audience's familiarity with earlier operas
B. vitality and subtlety of the music employed.
C.portrayal of heightened emotional outlets
D. individual talents and skills of the singer
33. It can be concluded from the passage that the author regards Verdi's revisions to his operas with ______
A. approval for the intentions that motivated the revisions
B.regret that the original musicals and texts were altered
C. concern that the revisions changed plots of the originals.
D. disappointment, for the revisions seem largely irrelevant.
34. It can inferred that the author views the independence from social class of the heroes and heroines of 19th century operas as ______
A. a plot refinement which could be the achievement only by Verdi
B. an idealized but accurate portrayal of bourgeois lifestyles
C. a plot convention with no real connection to political reality
D. a symbolic representation of the social position of aristocrats
35. Which of the following best describes the relationship of the first paragraph of the passage as a whole?
A. It compares and contrasts several achievements that are thoroughly examined later in the passage.
B. It defines terms and relationships that are challenged in an argument later in the passage.
C. It provides a host of concrete examples from which generalizations are drawn later in the passage.
D. It leads to an assertion that is supported by examples and manifestations later in the passage.
Passage Four
Whoever said that victory has many fathers and defeat is an orphan, surely had never heard of the World Trade Organization (WTO). In the case of the hapless multilateral trade body and its long suffering representatives, the total failure of the opening meeting of the so-called Millennium trade round has lots of people boasting of their role in the violent physical straggle. Well. That's just brilliant. They are proud of being part of a movement that wants to wreck the most important engine of economic growth, prosperity and overall global rising living standards we have -- the freedom of trade and movement of people and goods between nations.
The 135-members WTO is composed of sovereign governments wishing to further this goal and ease the settlement of international trade disputes. From the sounds emanating from Seattle, though, it would now seem the WTO has now replaced the Trilateral Commission and the Freemasons as candidate No. 1 to take over the world.
Everybody has his favorite Seattle story. The city's police chief will have plenty of time to think about his, having now resigned in disgrace over the loss of control of downtown Seattle. The Seattle business community may be more inclined to brood over theirs; the poor fools invested $ 9 million to attract the meeting to their fine city. What stands out more? I would nominate the union of steel workers who were marching inprotest. It's an image that will boggle the mind for years to come.
The debate now is over just how effective this anti-globalist coalition will turn out to be. In the heat of the moment, it always looks as though the world as we know it is coming to an end. But the overwhelming likelihood is that we have not actually seen a replay of the anti-Vietnam War movement, which had much clearer focus, obviously, though its consequences were far-reaching. How long, after all, can you protest against cheap imports when those same imports are all over your house?
No, the real reason for the disaster in Seattle is political, and reports coming out of the meeting point to President Clinton as a major culprit. Which may be both good and bad.Taking the long view, other trade rounds have had difficult beginnings, too. It took years to get the Uruguay Round under way, which finally happened in 1986. Thankfully, we will soon be e!ecting another president, and it should be someone whose actions match his rhetoric.
Still, it is a disgrace that the world's greatest trading nation, i. e. the United States, is currently led by a man whose motivations are so narrowly political and egocentric that he has now wrecked any chance of entering the history books as a champion of free trade.
36. According to the passage, the failure of the Seattle meeting is chiefly caused by __
A. anti-globalist and pro-globalist conflicts B. President Clinton's wrong initiatives
C. the strong protests from diverse groups. D. the police's failure to maintain order
37. We can learn from the beginning of the passage that __
A. different forces contributed to the failure of the Millennium trade round.
B. many people bragged of their presence at the Millennium trade round.
C. there existed a range of violent debates as to the prospects of the WTO.
D. only a few members were proud of their membership of the WTO
38. One of the WTO's goal s as mentioned in the passage is to _______
A serve as arbiters in international trade disputes.
B.ensure cheap export and import of goods unnecessarily
C.bring about the globalization of world's trades
D.encourage free trade and goods exchanges worldwide
39. By saying that "It's an image that will boggle the mind for years to come," (the last sentence in Paragraph 3) the author means that_______
A. the WTO is likely to have a negative image in people's mind in the future.
B. the WTO will have trouble changing people's way of thinking in the future.
C. the startling scene will probably linger in people's mind in the years to come.
D. people will lose whatever confidence they hold in the future of the WTO.
40. The author is obviously critical of President Clinton for_______
A. his failing to match his words with his actions
B. his handling the matter in a wrong perspective
C. his lacking historical knowledge about the WTO
D. his overemphasizing the economic role of the WTO
Part Ⅲ Translation (30 % )
Section A From Chinese into English (15%)
Directions: Translate the following five underlined parts from Chinese into English and write your translation on the answer sheet.
去年12月份的海啸掀开了印度一个古代港口城市的面纱,目前印度潜水员发现了更多实证。
1.考古学家(archaeologists)表示,印度南部海岸附近海底发现的石头建筑明显是人工制造的它们可能是传说中的马哈巴利普兰古·城的一部分。
2.神话中说这座城市太美丽以至于诸神唤来洪水,淹没了城内七座寺庙里的六座。当强大的海浪袭击了米尔纳德邦省的海岸,冲走了沙滩上的石子后,神庙遗迹露出了海面。
3.就在海啸(tsunami)发生前,有居民报告退潮时看到一座寺庙和其他建筑物,印度的考古学家调查组堕后派出了潜水探察队。这些新发现位于马哈巴利普兰寺庙附近,马哈巴利普兰寺庙建于公元7世纪,有人说这些建筑侥幸逃过了诸神的惩罚。
“我们发现了一些显然是人工修建的石头结构的建筑物。探察队领队阿洛克·特里帕蒂对记者说。“它们是用完美的长方形石块按一定样式搭建而成的。”
4.海啸带来的这件古代“礼物”将于下月在印度德里举行的海上考古学国际研讨会上露面。
二月份早些时候,在马哈巴利普兰还有其他一些发现,包括和这座寺庙年代相仿的一只花岗岩石狮,专家认为在海啸冲走浮沙之前,它已经在海底埋藏了数个世纪了。
5.过去的3年中,考古学家一直在这片遗址工作。在另一次潜水探测中,他们发现一座沉没水中的城市,里面至少有一座寺庙。
有关马哈巴利普兰的种种传说最早是由英国旅行家戈丁汉姆记载的。1798年他访问印度时,听到了”七座宅塔:’的神话传说。
Section B From English into Chinese (15 % )
In politics, in the courts, even on the ubiquitous TV talk shows, it is good form to pick an intellectual fight. People attach each other -- hurl insults, even-and it counts as logical argument. I cannot understand it.
(1) It seems that our society favors a kind of ritualized aggression. Everywhere you look, in newspapers and on television, issues are presented using the terminology of war and conflict. We hear of battles duels (决斗) and disputes. We see things in terms of winners and losers, victors. and victims.
(2) The problem is society's unquestioning belief in the advantages of the debate as a way of solving disagreements, even proving right from wrong. Our brainwashing begins early at school, When the brightest pupils are co-opted onto the debating system. They get there because they can think up a good argument go support their case. Once on the debate team, they learn that they earn bonus points for the skill with which they verbally attack, or insult, the opposing team.(3) They win if they can successfully convince the audience that they are right, even if the case they are arguing is clearly non-sensual. They do this by proving themselves to be stronger, brighter, more outrageous, even.
The training in this adversarial approach continues at out tertiary institutions. The standard way to present an academic paper, for instance, is to take up an opposing argument to something expressed by another academic. The paper must set out to prove the other person wrong. This is not at all the same thing as reading the original paper with an open mind and discovering that you disagree with it.
The reverence for the adversarial approach spills over into all areas of life. Instead of answering their critics, politicians learn to sidestep negative comments and turn the point around to an attack on accusers. Defense lawyers argue the case for their clients event when they suspect they may be guilty. And ordinary people use the came tactics -- just listen to your teenager next time you pull him up for coming home late. You can be sure a stream of abuse will flow about your own time-keeping, your irritating habits, your history of bad parenting.
Part IV Essay Writing (20% )
Directions: Nowadays, traffic problem remains one of the most serious situations in urban areas. Write an essay of 200 words to discuss this topic. Your essay must include the instructions as follows:
1. Present situations
2. Possible reasons
3. What should be done to solve this problem
参与解析
1.D 本题考核的知识点是逻辑+语法。A是表转折的介词短语,意为“尽管”,后面一般加困难之类的词语。B、C是转折连词,后面一般加句子;D是表转折的介词,意为“尽管,虽然”。D比较符合题意。市场预测专家注意到虽然Concorde已经消失了。
2.B 本题考核的知识点是动词。A表示“使用,利用”;B表示“花费(时间)”;c表示“花费(金钱)”;D的主语一般是物,表示“某件事情花费(时间)”。spend one's time doing sth.是固定用法,故B。新一族的高收人人群把时间更多地花费在两个国际大都市之间的穿梭上。
3.A 本题考核的知识点是介词。A表示“两者之间”;B一般指“三者或三者以上之间”;C表示“在……当中”;D表示“在……之中”。根据句意,A是答案。
4.C 本题考核的知识点是固定搭配+介词。on tap是副词短语,意为“可随时使用”,故选C。NYLON们希望在两个城市他们的家里随时都很舒服。
5.C 本题考核的知识点是of结构。由于选项不是动词的名词化,所以本题考查修饰关系。在选项层面上,这是典型的同义选项4选1。A表示“数字”;B表示“数量”;C表示“数目”;D表示“数量”。根据句意,c是答案。尽管其坐飞机航行的英里数令人惊叹。
6.A 本题考核的知识点是形容词词义辨析。A表示“不同的”;B表示“有特色的”;C表示“分散的”;D表示“多样的”。根据句意,A是答案。和20世纪80年代Tom Wolfe在《世界主人》这本书里描述的不一样。
7.D 本题考核的知识点是介词辨析。A表示“在……之内”;B表示“在……外”;C表示“在…之外”;D表示“由于……”;由句意可知,D是答案。由于过去十年的经济繁荣和新经济的崛起,NYLON们过得更好了。
8.A 本题考核的知识点是形容词词义辨析。A表示“精选的”;B表示“上等的”;C表示“卓越的”;D表示“精致的”。由句意可知,A是答案。甚至还有一群精选的新闻记者和作家。
9.D 本题考核的知识点是动词。A表示“提供”;B表示“供给”;C表示“购买”;D表示“供应得起”。C和D在这里都可以,但D多了“经济上可以负担起”的意思,更符合句义,故选D。有些人甚至富有到可以在两个城市里购置住宅。
10.B 本题考核的知识点是动词短语。动词短语题目的区分点主要在于短语的正确的识别。B表示 “容忍,允许”;D表示“鼓励”。A和C没有相应的搭配,由句义可知,B是答案。其他人有能力在一个城市里拥有房子。
11.C 本题考核的知识点是介词。view在这里意为“希望”,句意是“希望拥有一个房间”,故选C。希望在另一个城市里有一个房间。
12.A 本题考核的知识点是形容词辨析。四个形容词都有“其他”的意思,the other意为“两者中的另一个”。句义是“两个城市中的另一个”,故选A。
13.B 本题考核的知识点是动词。A表示“扩大”;B表示“延伸,扩展”;C表示“扩张”;D表示“加宽”。根据句义,B是答案。他们的活动范围延伸到伦敦和纽约之外的其他地方。
14.C 本题考核的知识点是连词。分析上下文逻辑关系,上文是“不再差别很大”,下句“让他们更为相似”。在逻辑上是一致的,直接排除了转折关系。A选项but转折关系。B选项though转折关系。C选项as因果关系,相反且同时存在。D选项while相反且同时存在。由上下文可以判断,本处表示原因,故选C。因为NYLON们让它们更为相似。
15.C 本题考核的知识点是动词。动词,看主语,看宾语,看搭配。句子的主语是物。四个动词表“上演”之意时,只有C的主语可以由物担当,故选C。许多剧本同时在两个城市上演。
16.B 本题考核的知识点是动词。看主语,看宾语,看搭配。A选项performing表演,履行;B选项playing播放,演奏;C选项presenting上演;D选项acting扮演。因为是演奏歌曲,所以B最恰当。在相似的俱乐部里向同样的人演奏同样的曲目。
17.C 本题考核的知识点是形容词辨析。A表示“相同的”,前面须加定冠词the;B表示“合适的”;C表示“相似的”;D表示“相像的”,但不能作定语。故选C。
18.A 本题考核的知识点是固定搭配。A选项choice选择,抉择。B选项pick精选。C选项selection选择,挑选。D选项preference偏爱,优先选择。of choice是形容词性短语,意为“精选的”,故选A。Time Out和Wallpaper都是精选的杂志。
19.A 本题考核的知识点是语法+名词。因为修饰词是notmuch,后面应该接一个名词。A选项fun为名词。B选项funny为形容词。C选项amusing为形容词。D选项interesting为形容词。只有A符合要求。但对于其他那些看着Notting Hill变成了Greenwich Village的一个平淡的仿制品的人来说,这些可没那么有趣了。
20.B 本题考核的知识点是动词短语。短语题目的破题点就在于对短语的正确记忆和识别。A表示“找到,发现”;B表示“变成”;C表示“归还”;D表示“生产”。根据句意,B是答案。
21.C 题干问:“作者区分房产市场和经济的其他领域是为了说明……”。此题考察文章的背景主题部分,在第1自然段作者直接提出当房地产市场一直保持其强劲的势头时,经济的其他领域却在衰退,并且作者接着在第2自然段讲述了房地产市场的繁荣,因此选项C“房产市场的繁荣” 为正确选项。而选项A“房地产活动的重要作用”,选项B“房价的统计数据”和选项D“消费者情绪高涨的程度”都不是作者区分房地产和经济的其他领域的目的。
22.B 题干问:“根据作者,是什么主要导致了这种‘伞状效应’?”此题定位于第2自然段,正确选项为B“强劲的房地产市场”。而选项A“持续的证券市场”,选项C“泡沫般的股票市场”和选项D“性格怪异的消费者”都不是导致这种‘伞状效应’的原因。
23.A 题干问:“提到这个表达‘zero-sum boom’,作者的意思是……”。正确选项为A“房产持续的力量以及持续性的经济薄弱可能相互抵消”,此题需综合第3自然段和第4自然段的内容。而选项B“有迹象表明消费者改善了的情绪没能保持房产市场的强劲势头”不是作者所要表达的意思。选项C“股票的负增长最终会抵消房产的正增长”,这是文章信息的编撰。选项D“更高的抵押贷款利率和经济复苏是一致的”,这和文章的信息是相反的。
24.C 题干问:“这篇文章作者暗示的是在2003年经济可能……”。第5自然段有明显的陈述说经济可能会发展太快,且根据原文中的“as a way to hit the brakes on a recovery that is heating up too fast"也可得出经济发展太快,需要进行遏制。且这一观点在第1自然段的第1句背景部分也有所引射,因此选项C“升温过快”为正确选项。而选项A“有度地增长”,选项B“努力挣扎以重振旗鼓”和选项D“继续繁荣”都不是2003年经济的走向。
25.D 题干问:“作者对于将来房产市场的态度是……”。从全文的最后一段可看出作者对于房产市场的前景是悲观的,故选项D“悲观”为正确选项。而选项A“无忧无虑”,选项B“乐观”和选项C“镇静的”都不是作者在最后一段以及全文的对将来房产的态度所在。
26.C 题干问:“作者引用塞缪尔·约翰逊博士的话是为了……”。正确选项为C“说明幽默感的广泛的吸引力”,这是第1自然段的分论点。而且广泛的吸引力这个思想在第3自然段又得到了重申。而选项A“批评政治家的伪善”和选项B“重新谈到卓别林的受欢迎”都不是作者引用塞缪尔·约翰逊博士的话的目的。选项D“禁止在集权统治下使用讽刺”是作者反对的观点。
27.B 题干问:“根据作者,下面哪项是幽默感的主要功能?”正确选项为B“保持正确的价值观”,此题定位于第2自然段。而选项A“加强人际关系”,选项C“删除喜剧作品”和选项D“挑出不好的评论”都是原文信息的编撰。
28.A 题干问:“如果人们对事物持片面的观点,他很可能会……”。正确选项为A“把悲剧和喜剧分开”,此题定位于第2自然段。且这个思想在3自然段的"In such circumstances,cartoons and satirical accounts of somber political events redress the balance"得到重现。而选项B“把幽默和微笑联系在一起”是对原文信息的编造。选项C“把痛苦和快乐等同起来”,在这里没有直接讲述到这个观点。如果把痛苦等同于快乐,等同了就不是片面的观点,而是全面的观点。选项D“把讽刺和反语结合在一起”是对原文信息的编造。
29.C 题干问:“从第3自然段可以得到的推论是……”。在第3自然段作者特别强调幽默感的讽刺的重要性,并举例了《格列佛游记》中的那些人为了在哪边打破鸡蛋而发动战争,鸡蛋是一种小事,就是“tnviality”的具体象征,因此选项C“对于小事情的小题大做都可能是由于缺乏幽默感所造成的”为正确选项。而选项A“讽刺过分强调生活中不重要的方面”,选项B“傲慢的政治家让其他人欣赏他们深层的行为”和原文的意思是相反的,是编撰的。选项D“幽默感不可避免地让我们把事情看得很严肃”与原文的意思相反。
30.D 题干问:“作者最同意下面哪项?”整篇文章所讨论的都是选项D“幽默感是人类最重要的品质”。而选项A“讽刺和反语都可能是言辞激烈和残酷的,根本就不好笑”,选项B“以其他为代价而强调幽默的品质是愚蠢的”和选项C“人类的事情往往不是作为幽默的合适对象”,这在文中次要提及,而不是作者完全赞同的观点或者不是作者所赞同的观点。
31.C 题干问:“作者提到舒伯特和布拉姆斯是为了表明……”。正确选项为c“在要使之成为高雅艺术的乐曲中可以利用通俗音乐的乐曲”。此题可定位于第1自然段。而选项A“18世纪创作的作品都被视为废料艺术”和原文的意思不符合,选项B“这两位艺术家的成就使威尔迪的成就变得黯然失色”在原文没有提及。选项D“通俗艺术这个术语可能有多种定义”不是作者提到舒伯特和布拉姆斯的目的。
32.B 题干问:“根据本文,威尔迪歌剧中政治寓意的直接表现起源于……”。此题定位于第2自然段,归纳第2自然段最后三句得出,威尔迪歌剧中政治寓意的直接表现起源于生动而精妙的乐曲,因此选项B“所使用的乐曲的生动和精妙”为正确选项。而选项A“观众对早期歌剧的熟悉”在文中没有提及。选项c“对高昂的情感宣泄的描绘”是对原文信息的编撰。选项D“个人天赋和歌手的技巧”不符合题干的要求。
33.A 题干问:“从文中可以推论出作者是怀着什么心情来看待威尔迪对歌剧的修改?”此题定位于全文的最后一句,文中提到威尔迪修改一部歌剧,只是为了使剧本更加精炼、更加有力。由此看出作者是同意其修改意图的,因此选项A“同意其修改的意图”为正确选项。而选项B“后悔改变了原创音乐和原作”,选项C“担心所做的修改会改变原作的情节”和选项D“对看似无关的修改感到失望”均不是作者的观点和态度。
34.C 题干问:“从本文可以推论出作者认为19世纪歌剧中男女主人公不受社会阶级束缚的性是……”。此题定位于第2自然段。归纳该段的第二、三句得出,19世纪歌剧中男女主人公不受社会阶级束缚的性是一种天真而未必可能的公式化的情节,即跟政治现实没有真实的联系。因此选项c“一种跟政治现实没有真实联系的惯常的情节”为正确选项。而选项A“一种只能由威尔迪实现的精妙的情节”,选项B“对资产阶级生活方式的一种理想化但精确的描述”和选项D“一种贵族社会地位的象征性的再现”都不能从文中推导出。
35.D 题干问:“下面哪项最好地描述了第1自然段和全文的关系?”此题是一个纵观全文的推理题。作者在第1自然段最后引出一个论断,随后在第2、3自然段举例证实这一论断,因此选项D“引出一个论断,随后各段提出例证加以证实”为正确选项。而选项A“比较和对比几种成就,随后在各段进行仔细分析”,第1自然段虽然比较了几位艺术家的成就,但后面两段并没有根据这一思想来展开。选项B“给术语和关系下定义,随后在下文提出观点进行质疑”,第1自然段虽然也提到了下定义,但这并不是整篇文章的中心。选项C“提出许多具体的例证,随后在各段进行: 归纳”与这篇文章的写作模式相反,本文是先提出中心,后举例证明。
36.B 题干问:“根据本文,西雅图会议失败的主要原因是……”。根据第5自然段第1句和第6自然段可得出,西雅图会议失败的真正原因是由于克林顿总统错误的动机,因此选项B“克林顿总统错误的动机”为正确选项。而选项A“反对全球化的人和支持全球化的人之间的争议”不是西雅图会议失败的主要原因。选项C“来自不同团体的强烈”和选项D“没能维持好秩序”是对原文信息的编造。
37.A 题干问:“从第1自然段,我们可以得出……”。归纳第2句和第5句得出正确选项为A“各种力量导致了千年贸易会谈的失败”。而选项B“许多人吹嘘他们参加了千年贸易会谈”,选项C “围绕世界贸易组织的前景展开了激烈的争论”和选项D“只有少数国家为成为世界贸易组织的成员国而自豪”都不能从第1自然段推导出。
38.D 题干问:“如文中所提到的,世界贸易组织的一个目标是……”。此题定位于第1自然段的最后一句,归纳得出正确选项为D“鼓励自由贸易和国际间货物的交换”。而选项A“作为国际贸易争端的仲裁者”和选项C“促进世界贸易的全球化”在文中没有提及。选项B“没有必要确保商品的便宜出口和进口”是原文信息的编造。
39.C 题干问:“作者在第3自然段最后一句中说道‘It's an image that will boggle the mind for years to come’,作者的意思是……”。正确选项为c“这个令人吃惊的场景在未来的几年里将可能萦绕在人们心中”,此处"boggle"意为“使困惑,使不知所措”,“it指本段上文提到的各种混乱现象,以及失败给各种人带来的得失。而选项A“世界贸易组织将来在人们的心目中可能是一种负面的形象”,选项B“世界贸易组织在将来很难改变人们的思维方式”和选项D“将来人们会失去他们对世界贸易组织拥有的任何信心”都不是作者的写作意图。
40.B 题干问:“很明显,作者批判克林顿总统是因为……”。第5自然段提到,西雅图会议失败的真正原因是政治方面造成的,来自于会议的报道显示克林顿总统是导致其失败的罪魁祸首,并且从第6自然段可以看出,作者批评了克林顿总统缺乏全面看待问题的能力,其立场导致了会议的失败,因此选项B“他处理问题的错误立场”为正确选项。而选项A“他言行不一”,选项C“他对于世界贸易组织缺乏历史性的知识”和选项D“他过分强调世界贸易组织的经济作用”都不是作者批评克林顿总统的原因。
Part III Translation
Section A
1. Archaeologists indicated that the stone constructions found at the bottom of the sea near the Indian southern seashore was obviously man-made
2. The city was so beautiful that gods summoned floods to submerge six of the seven temples in the city according to mythology.
3. Local residents said that they had seen a temple and other buildings just before the tsunami. And later, the Indian Archaeological Investigation Group sent out the diving explorative team.
4. The ancient gift the tsunami brought will be shown on the On-Sea Archaeological International Study and Discussion meeting to be held in Indian city Delhi next month.
5. Archaeologists have always been working on the relics in the past three years. In another diving exploration, they found an underwater city that had at least one temple.
Section B
1.我们的社会似乎热衷于某种程式化的敌意。不论看报纸,还是看电视,你都会发现人们总是用战争和冲突这样的专业术语来提问题。我们总是听见“战争”“决斗”“争论”的词语,发现人们以“胜利者”和“失败者”,“征服者”和“牺牲者”的口吻来讨论事情。
2.问题是社会普遍相信辩论依靠其优势可以成为解决分歧的方法,包括证明对与错。早在学校的时候,最聪明的学生被选入辩论组织,我们就被灌输了这种思想。
3.如果能成功说服观众相信他们是对的,他们就赢了,即使他们讨论的案例明显是荒唐的。向人们证明他们更加强大,聪明,并且可以做的更好,他们就可以做到这些。
IV. Writing
There's no denying that almost every big city around the world suffers serious traffic problems. Take Beijing as an example, during rush hours, traffic jam often occurs on highways and ring roads. In fact, the transportation's problem has become one of the biggest issues and the primary obstacle that hinder the economic development in such big cities as Beijing.
There are two possible reasons accounting for this disturbing situation. First. along with the economic development, more people can afford private cars. But as more cars rush to the same road, the highway system is overburdened, and traffic congestion begins. Second, the public transportation system is not adequately effective. For example, in Beijing there are only five subway lines, which can only handle a very small percentage of all the passengers. This, consequently, exerts a lot of pressure on road transportation, which only makes the traffic jam worse.
Given all factors above, the following measures could be taken to put the situation on hold. First, limit the number of private cars. Second, more subway lines should be developed as quickly as possible to reduce the jam on roads. These measures taken, I am pretty confident that traffic problems in urban areas will be solved in the near future.
