
PART II READING COMPREHENSION
(30MIN)
In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total
of 20
multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers
on your
coloured answer sheet.
Text A
The University in Transformation, edited by Australian futurists
Sohail
Inayatullah and Jennifer Gidley, presents some 20 highly varied
outlooks on
tomorrow’s universities by writers representing both Western and
non-Western
perspectives.Their essays raise a broad range of issues,questioning
nearly every
key assumption we have about higher education today.
The most widely discussed alternative to the traditional campus
is the
Internet University―a voluntary community to scholars/teachers
physically
scattered throughout a country or around the world but all linked in
cyberspace.A computerized university could have many advantages,such
as easy
scheduling,efficient delivery of lectures to thousands or even
millions of
students at once,and ready access for students everywhere to the
resources of
all the world’s great libraries.
Yet the Internet University poses dangers,too.For example,a line
of
franchised courseware,produced by a few superstar teachers,marketed
under the
brand name of a famous institution,and heavily advertised,might
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eventually come
to dominate the global education market,warns sociology professor
Peter Manicas
of the University of Hawaii at Manoa.Besides enforcing a rigidly
standardized
curriculum,such a“college education in a box”could undersell the
offerings of
many traditional brick and mortar institutions,effectively driving
them out of
business and throwing thousands of career academics out of work,note
Australian
communications professors David Rooney and Greg Hearn.
On the other hand,while global connectivity seems highly likely to play
some
significant role in future higher education,that does not mean greater
uniformity in course content―or other dangers―will necessarily
follow.Counter-movements are also at work.
Many in academia,including scholars contributing to this
volume,are
questioning the fundamental mission of university education.What
if,for
instance,instead of receiving primarily technical training and
building their
individual careers,university students and professors could focus
their learning
and research efforts on existing problems in their local communities
and the
world? Feminist scholar Ivana Milojevic dares to dream what a
university might
become“if we believed that childcare workers and teachers in early
childhood
education should be one of the highest (rather than lowest) paid
professionals?”
Co-editor Jennifer Gidley shows how tomorrows university
faculty,instead of
giving lectures and conducting independent research,may take on three
new
roles.Some would act as brokers,assembling customized degree-credit
programmes
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for individual students by mixing and matching the best course
offerings
available from institutions all around the world.A second
group,mentors,would
function much like today’s faculty advisers,but are likely to be
working with
many more students outside their own academic specialty.This would
require them
to constantly be learning from their students as well as instructing
them.
A third new role for faculty,and in Gidley’s view the most
challenging and
rewarding of all,would be as meaning-makers: charismatic sages and
practitioners
leading groups of students/colleagues in collaborative efforts to find
spiritual
as well as rational and technological solutions to specific real-world
problems.
Moreover,there seems little reason to suppose that any one form
of
university must necessarily drive out all other options.Students may
be“enrolled”in courses offered at virtual campuses on the
Internet,between―or
even during―sessions at a real world problem focused institution.
As co-editor Sohail Inayatullah points out in his introduction,no
future is
inevitable,and the very act of imagining and thinking through
alternative
possibilities can directly affect how thoughtfully,creatively and
urgently even
a dominant technology is adapted and applied.Even in academia,the
future belongs
to those who care enough to work their visions into
practical,sustainable
realities.
11. When the book reviewer discusses the Internet University,
[A] he is in favour of it.
[B] his view is balanced.
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[C] he is slightly critical of it.
[D] he is strongly critical of it.
12. Which of the following is NOT seen as a potential danger of the
Internet
University?
[A] Internetbased courses may be less costly than traditional ones.
[B] Teachers in traditional institutions may lose their jobs.
[C] Internetbased courseware may lack variety in course content.
[D] The Internet University may produce teachers with a lot of
publicity.
13. According to the review,what is the fundamental mission of
traditional
university education?
[A] Knowledge learning and career building.
[B] Learning how to solve existing social problems.
[C] Researching into solutions to current world problems.
[D] Combining research efforts of teachers and students in learning.
14. Judging from the three new roles envisioned for tomorrows
university
faculty,university teachers
[A] are required to conduct more independent research.
[B] are required to offer more courses to their students.
[C] are supposed to assume more demanding duties.
[D] are supposed to supervise more students in their specialty.
15. Which category of writing does the review belong to?
[A] Narration.
[B] Description.
[C] Persuasion.
[D] Exposition.
Text B
Every street had a story, every building a memory. Those blessed
with
wonderful childhoods can drive the streets of their hometowns and
happily roll
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back the years. The rest are pulled home by duty and leave as soon as
possible.
After Ray Atlee had been in Clanton (his hometown) for fifteen minutes
he was
anxious to get out.
The town had changed,but then it hadn’t.On the highways leading
in,the cheap
metal buildings and mobile homes were gathering as tightly as possible
next to
the roads for maximum visibility.This town had no zoning whatsoever.A
landowner
could build anything with no permit,no inspection,no notice to
adjoining
landowners,nothing.Only hog farms and nuclear reactors required
approvals and
paperwork.The result was a slash-and-build clutter that got uglier by
the year.
But in the older sections,nearer the square,the town had not changed
at all.The
long shaded streets were as clean and neat as when Ray roamed them on
his
bike.Most of the houses were still owned by people he knew,or if those
folks had
passed on the new owners kept the lawns clipped and the shutters
painted.Only a
few were being neglected.A handful had been abandoned.
This deep in Bible country,it was still an unwritten rule in the
town that
little was done on Sundays except go to church,sit on porches,visit
neighbours,rest and relax the way God intended.
It was cloudy,quite cool for May,and as he toured his old
turf,killing time
until the appointed hour for the family meeting,he tried to dwell on
the good
memories from Clanton.There was Dizzy Dean Park where he had played
Little
League for the Pirates,and there was the public pool he’d swum in every
summer
except 1969 when the city closed it rather than admit black
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children.There were
the churches―Baptist,Methodist,and Presbyterian―facing each other
at the
intersection of Second and Elm like wary sentries,their steeples
competing for
height.They were empty now,but in an hour or so the more faithful would
gather
for evening services.
The square was as lifeless as the streets leading to it.With eight
thousand
people,Clanton was just large enough to have attracted the discount
stores that
had wiped out so many small towns.But here the people had been faithful
to their
downtown merchants,and there wasn’t a single empty or boarded-up
building around
the square―no small miracle.The retail shops were mixed in with the
banks and
law offices and cafes, all closed for the Sabbath.
He inched through the cemetery and surveyed the Atlee section in
the old
part, where the tombstones were grander.Some of his ancestors had built
monuments for their dead.Ray had always assumed that the family money
he’d never
seen must have been buried in those graves.He parked and walked to his
mother’s
grave,something he hadn’t done in years.She was buried among the
Atlees,at the
far edge of the family plot because she had barely belonged.
Soon,in less than an hour,he would be sitting in his father’s
study,sipping
bad instant tea and receiving instructions on exactly how his father
would be
laid to rest.Many orders were about to be given,many decrees and
directions,because his father (who used to be a judge) was a great man
and cared
deeply about how he was to be remembered.
Moving again, Ray passed the water tower he’d climbed twice,the
second time
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with the police waiting below.He grimaced at his old high school,a place
he’d
never visited since he’d left it.Behind it was the football field where
his
brother Forrest had romped over opponents and almost became famous
before
getting bounced off the team.
It was twenty minutes before five, Sunday, May 7. Time for the family
meeting.
16. From the first paragraph, we get the impression that
[A] Ray cherished his childhood memories.
[B] Ray had something urgent to take care of.
[C] Ray may not have a happy childhood.
[D] Ray cannot remember his childhood days.
17. Which of the following adjectives does NOT describe Ray’s
hometown?
[A] Lifeless.
[B] Religious.
[C] Traditional.
[D] Quiet.
18. From the passage we can infer that the relationship between Ray
and his
parents was
[A] close.
[B] remote.
[C] tense.
[D] impossible to tell.
19. It can be inferred from the passage that Ray’s father was all EXCEPT
[A] considerate.
[B] punctual.
[C] thrifty.
[D] dominant.
Text C
Campaigning on the Indian frontier is an experience by
itself.Neither the
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landscape nor the people find their counterparts in any other portion
of the
globe.Valley walls rise steeply five or six thousand feet on every
side.The
columns crawl through a maze of giant corridors down which fierce
snow-fed
torrents foam under skies of brass.Amid these scenes of savage
brilliancy there
dwells a race whose qualities seem to harmonize with their
environment.Except at
harvesttime,when self-preservation requires a temporary truce,the
Pathan tribes
are always engaged in private or public war.Every man is a warrior,a
politician
and a theologian.Every large house is a real feudal fortress made,it
is
true,only of sun-baked clay,but with
battlements,turrets,loopholes,drawbridges,etc.complete.Every
village has its
defence.Every family cultivates its vendetta; every clan,its feud.The
numerous
tribes and combinations of tribes all have their accounts to settle
with one
another.Nothing is ever forgotten,and very few debts are left
unpaid.For the
purposes of social life,in addition to the convention about
harvest-time, a most
elaborate code of honour has been established and is on the whole
faithfully
observed.A man who knew it and observed it faultlessly might pass
unarmed from
one end of the frontier to another.The slightest technical slip
would,however,be
fatal.The life of the Pathan is thus full of interest; and his
valleys,nourished
alike by endless sunshine and abundant water,are fertile enough to
yield with
little labour the modest material requirements of a sparse population.
Into
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this happy world the nineteenth century brought two new facts:the rifle
and the
British Government.The first was an enormous luxury and blessing; the
second,an
unmitigated nuisance.The convenience of the rifle was nowhere more
appreciated
than in the Indian highlands.A weapon which would kill with accuracy
at fifteen
hundred yards opened a whole new vista of delights to every family or
clan which
could acquire it.One could actually remain in one’s own house and fire
at one’s
neighbour nearly a mile away.One could lie in wait on some high crag,and
at
hitherto unheard of ranges hit a horseman far below.Even villages could
fire at
each other without the trouble of going far from home.Fabulous prices
were
therefore offered for these glorious products of science.Rifle-thieves
scoured
all India to reinforce the efforts of the honest smuggler.A steady flow
of the
coveted weapons spread its genial influence throughout the
frontier,and the
respect which the Pathan tribesmen entertained for Christian
civilization was
vastly enhanced. The action of the British Government on the other
hand was
entirely unsatisfactory.The great organizing,advancing,absorbing
power to the
southward seemed to be little better than a monstrous spoil-sport.If
the Pathan
made forays into the plains,not only were they driven back (which after
all was
no more than fair),but a whole series of subsequent interferences took
place,followed at intervals by expeditions which toiled laboriously
through the
valleys,scolding the tribesmen and exacting fines for any damage which
they had
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done.No one would have minded these expeditions if they had simply
come,had a
fight and then gone away again.In many cases this was their practice
under what
was called the “butcher and bolt policy” to which the Government of
India long
adhered.But towards the end of the nineteenth century these intruders
began to
make roads through many of the valleys,and in particular the great road
to
Chitral.They sought to ensure the safety of these roads by threats,by
forts and
by subsidies.There was no objection to the last method so far as it
went.But the
whole of this tendency to road-making was regarded by the Pathans with
profound
distaste.All along the road people were expected to keep quiet,not to
shoot one
another,and above all not to shoot at travellers along the road.It was
too much
to ask,and a whole series of quarrels took their origin from this
source.
20. The word debts in“very few debts are left unpaid”in the first
paragraph
means [A] loans.
[B] accounts.
[C] killings.
[D] bargains.
21. Which of the following is NOT one of the geographical facts about
the Indian
frontier? [A] Melting snows.
[B] Large population. [C] Steep hillsides.
[D] Fertile valleys.
22. According to the passage,the Pathans welcomed [A] the
introduction of the
rifle.
[B] the spread of British rule. [C] the extension of luxuries.
[D] the spread of trade. 23. Building roads by the British [A] put
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an end to
a whole series of quarrels. [B] prevented the Pathans from carrying
on feuds.
[C] lessened the subsidies paid to the Pathans. [D] gave the Pathans
a much
quieter life.
24. A suitable title for the passage would be [A] Campaigning on the
Indian
Frontier. [B] Why the Pathans Resented the British Rule. [C] The
Popularity of
Rifles among the Pathans. [D] The Pathans at War.
Text D
“Museum”is a slippery word. It first meant (in Greek) anything
consecrated
to the Muses:a hill,a shrine,a garden,a festival or even a
textbook.Both Platos
Academy and Aristotles Lyceum had a mouseion,a muses shrine.Although
the Greeks
already collected detached works of art,many temples―notably that of
Hera at
Olympia (before which the Olympic flame is still lit)―had collections
of
objects,some of which were works of art by wellknown masters,while
paintings and
sculptures in the Alexandrian Museum were incidental to its main
purpose.
The Romans also collected and exhibited art from disbanded
temples,as well
as mineral specimens,exotic plants,animals; and they plundered
sculptures and
paintings (mostly Greek) for exhibition.Meanwhile,the Greek word had
slipped
into Latin by transliteration (though not to signify picture
galleries,which
were called pinacothecae) and museum still more or less meant“Musesshrine”.
The inspirational collections of precious and semi-precious
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objects were
kept in larger churches and monasteries―which focused on the
gold-enshrined,bejewelled relics of saints and martyrs.Princes,and
later
merchants,had similar collections,which became the deposits of natural
curiosities:large lumps of amber or coral,irregular pearls,unicorn
horns,ostrich
eggs,fossil bones and so on.They also included coins and gems―often
antique
engraved ones―as well as,increasingly,paintings and sculptures.As
they
multiplied and expanded,to supplement them,the skill of the fakers grew
increasingly refined.
At the same time,visitors could admire the very grandest paintings
and
sculptures in the churches,palaces and castles; they were
not“collected”either,but“site-specific”,and were considered an
integral part
both of the fabric of the buildings and of the way of life which went
on inside
them―and most of the buildings were public ones.However,during the
revival of
antiquity in the fifteenth century,fragments of antique sculpture were
given
higher status than the work of any contemporary,so that displays of
antiquities
would inspire artists to imitation,or even better,to emulation; and
so could be
considered Muses- shrines in the former sense.The Medici garden near
San Marco
in Florence,the Belvedere and the Capitol in Rome were the most famous
of such
early“inspirational”collections.Soon they
multiplied,and,gradually,exemplary
“modern”works were also added to such galleries.
In the seventeenth century,scientific and prestige collecting
became so
widespread that three or four collectors independently published
directories to
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museums all over the known world.But it was the age of revolutions and
industry
which produced the next sharp shift in the way the institution was
perceived:the
fury against royal and church monuments prompted antiquarians to
shelter them in
asylum-galleries,of which the Musee des Monuments Francais was the most
famous.Then,in the first half of the nineteenth century,museum funding
took
off,allied to the rise of new wealth:London acquired the National
Gallery and
the British Museum,the Louvre was organized,the Museum-Insel was begun
in
Berlin,and the Munich galleries were built.In Vienna,the huge
Kunsthistorisches
and Naturhistorisches Museums took over much of the imperial
treasure.Meanwhile,the decline of craftsmanship (and of public taste
with it)
inspired the creation of “improving”collections.The Victoria and
Albert Museum
in London was the most famous,as well as perhaps the largest of them.
25. The sentence“Museum is a slippery word”in the first paragraph
means that
[A] the meaning of the word didn’t change until after the 15th
century.
[B] the meaning of the word had changed over the years.
[C] the Greeks held different concepts from the Romans.
[D] princes and merchants added paintings to their collections.
26. The idea that museum could mean a mountain or an object originates
from
[A] the Romans.
[B] Florence.
[C] Olympia.
[D] Greek.
27. “...the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined” in the
third
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paragraph means that
[A] there was a great demand for fakers.
[B] fakers grew rapidly in number.
[C] fakers became more skillful.
[D] fakers became more polite.
28. Paintings and sculptures on display in churches in the 15th century
were
[A] collected from elsewhere.
[B] made part of the buildings.
[C] donated by people.
[D] bought by churches.
29. Modern museums came into existence in order to
[A] protect royal and church treasures.
[B] improve existing collections.
[C] stimulate public interest.
[D] raise more funds.
30. Which is the main idea of the passage?
[A] Collection and collectors.
[B] The evolution of museums.
[C] Modern museums and their functions.
[D] The birth of museums
Text A
短文大意
本文主要介绍了澳大利亚未来预测家Sohail Inayatullah 和Jennifer
Gidley 共同编撰的《转型中的大学》一书的主要内容。书中主要阐述了有关
未来大学的众多不同展望,并针对这些展望提出了一系列问题。文章首先对
网络大学的利弊分别进行说明,然后指出全球联系的加强并不意味着大学课
程设置也应趋于统一,相应的抵制活动也在开展之中,并对大学教育的基本
使命提出了疑问,最后介绍了大学转型以后大学教员所扮演的角色可能会出
现的三种转变。
11. [B]。
【精解】态度题。针对“Internet
University”,本文第二段提出了许多的“advantages”,随后的第三段则指
出其存在的“dangers”,可见文中对网络大学的利弊均进行了客观的陈述,
353
观点上不存在倾向性,故答案为[B]。
12. [A]。
【精解】细节题。文中关于网络大学潜在弊端的介绍主要在第三段中。通过
“throwing thousands of career academics out of
work”可知[B] 项符合文意;[C] 项可由“enforcing a rigidly standardized
curriculum”得出; [D]
项也可以从“a few superstar teachers”得出; [A] 项谈到“网络课程比
传统课程节省费用”,这是件好事,不是其潜___________在的危险,故为答案。
13. [A]。
【精解】推断题。第五段首句提到大学教育的根本任务,第二句进一步提
到“instead of receiving primarily technical
training and building their individual
careers”,即“不是接受基本的技术训练和构建学生个人的职业生涯”,可知
传统大学的基本功能是“knowledge learning and career
building”。
14. [C]。
【精解】推断题。第六段首句指出:“instead of giving lectures and
conducting independent
research”,即“而不是授课和进行的研究”,排除[A];第二句指出:
“assembling customized degreecredit
programmes for individual students by mixing and matching the best
course
offerings available from institutions all around the
world”可以看出将来对大学教员的要求越来越高,要将世界各地大学的优秀
课程进行整合之后再传授给学生,故[C]为答案,排除[B];末句指出:“...are
likely to be working with many more students outside their own academic
specialty”,可知大学教员将来不是“管理更多的自己专业的学生”,而是要
“和更多其他专业的学生接触”,排除[D]。
15. [D]。
【精解】推断题。全文主要是对一本书的主要内容进行说明介绍,很显然应
该归为exposition(说明文)之列。
【难词突破】
核心词
franchise v.赋予特许经营权
standardize v. 使符合标准,使标准化
uniformity n.同样,一式,一致
charismatic adj. 神赐能力的,超凡魅力的
collaborative adj.合作的,协作的,协力完成的
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超纲词
academia n.学术机构,学术界,研究院
Text B
短文大意
这篇短文写的是Ray Atlee 在离家多年以后,返回家乡的所见所闻及所感。
也许童年和故乡给许多人带来的是无限美好的回忆和想象,但是对于Ray
Atlee 却不是这样,回到家乡之后他恨不得立刻离开。通过Ray
Atlee 的视角,短文首先介绍了城镇外围变得越来越丑陋、混乱,而旧街区即
广场附近变化不大。随后Ray
Atlee 重游了儿时经常去玩乐的地方,这些地方给他留下深刻记忆。最后去墓
地祭拜母亲,回想着让自己充满了恐惧和伤感的父亲。
16. [C] 。
【精解】推断题。文章第一段主要讲故乡和童年给许多人带来美好的回忆和
想象,但是Ray
Atlee 回到家乡之后却恨不得立刻离开,可以推断他可能有__________一段不愉快的童年
经历,故[C] 为答案,排除[A];文中第五段提到“killing time until
the appointed hour for the family meeting”,可见Ray 一直消磨时间等
待约好的家庭聚会,并无急事,排除[B];[D]
项“无法记起童年”,明显错误,排除。
17. [D] 。
【精解】细节题。第六段首句“The square was as lifeless as the streets
leading to it”,可知[A]
是特点之一;从第四段的“This deep in Bible country,it was still an
unwritten rule in the
town that little was done on Sundays except go to church”和第五段
的“There were the
churches―Baptist,Methodist,and Presbyterian”可见小镇里有各式各样
的教堂,人们周末去教堂做礼拜是不成文的规定,故[B]
符合文意;从第六段所述,小镇人口不少,却没有像样的店铺,人们还是到
城里购物,可见这个小镇很传统、很古老,[C] 符合文意;只有[D]
项在文中没有提到,故为答案。
18. [B]。
【精解】推断题。第七段第四句指出:“He parked and walked to his mother’
s grave,something he hadn’t
done in years”,子女不常来母亲墓地祭拜,说明母子感情不深;第八段中
对父亲的回忆“receiving instructions on exactly
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how his father would be laid to rest”、“Many orders were about to be
given,many
decrees and directions”可见父亲对他要求很苛刻,至今还记恨在心,父
子关系不好。综合可知,Ray和父母的关系很疏远,而不仅仅是紧张,故[B]
为答案,排除[C];[A]和[D] 不符合语境,排除。
19. [A]。
【精解】推断题。对父亲的回忆和描述主要在第八段。从文中第五段提到
“killing time until the appointed hour for the
family meeting”以及文章最后一段“It was twenty minutes before
five,Sunday,May 7. Time for
the family meeting”可知全文都在反复提到家庭聚会的时间,可以推断父
亲对时间要求严格,[B] 符合文意;由“sipping bad
instant tea”可知父亲生活节俭,[C] 符合文意;由“Many orders were about
to be given,many decrees
and directions”可知父亲对子女要求严格,[D] 符合文意;[A] 项“考虑
周到的、体贴的”,文中没有相关描述,故为答案。
【难词突破】
核心词
clutter n.杂乱,喧闹
intersection n. 十字路口,交叉点
grimace v. 扮鬼脸,作苦相
超纲词
romp v. 嬉闹,顽皮地玩耍
Text C
短文大意
本文介绍了印度边境上的帕坦人的一些历史。这个民族生活在险峰峻岭的地
区,由于世仇宿怨,各部落之间战争纷乱。十九世纪,两件事情对这个民族
的生活产生了很大的影响。一是来复的传入,这受到当地人的欢迎,因为
来复可以帮助他们更容易地杀死仇人,基于这一点,当地人对西方文化更
加崇拜;二是英国殖民者的入侵,通过筑路不断扩大其势力范围,并且伤害
无辜,这让当地人极为气愤,成为矛盾产生的重要原因。
20. [C] 。
【精解】语义理解题。从第一段中的“Every family cultivates its vendetta;
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every clan,its feud.The
numerous tribes and combinations of tribes all have their accounts to
settle
with one another.Nothing is ever forgotten,and very few debts are left
unpaid”可以看出,各部落和家族之间都存在世仇宿怨,并且冤家难解,因
此必然会形成怨怨相报的恶性循环局面,故答案为[C]。
21. [B] 。
【精解】细节题。关于印度边境的地理特征,文章在第一段进行描述时使用
了“valley walls rise steeply”、“snowfed
torrents”和“his valleys...are fertile”等词句,分别对应选项[C]、
[A]和[D],故排除。第一段出现了“a sparse
population”,可知[B] 项不符合文意,故为答案。
22. [A] 。
【精解】细节题。文章第二段开头提到“Into this happy world the nineteenth
century brought two new
facts:the rifle and the British Government.The first was an enormous
luxury and
blessing; the second,an unmitigated
nuisance.”可见帕坦人对来复的引入持欢迎态度,而对英国的殖民侵略则
持相反态度,故[A] 为答案。
23. [B]。
【精解】推断题。第三段谈到英国人筑路带来的后果。末句指出:“a whole
series of quarrels took their origin from
this source.”可见筑路不但没能阻止争吵的发生,反而成为矛盾产生的原
因,排除[A];第七句指出:“They sought to ensure the
safety of these roads by threats,by forts and by
subsidies.”可知英国人采用包括提供补助津贴在内的形式来确保公路的安
全,但并不是减少补助,排除[C];倒数第二句“All along the road
people were expected to keep quiet,not to shoot one another,and above
all not to
shoot at travelers along the
road”可知英国人筑路使得当地部落不能随意穿越公路攻打自己的敌人,客
观上对于消除部落之间的世仇宿怨起了推动作用,故[B] 为答案,[D]
项属于对此句的字面理解,排除。
24. [D]。
【精解】主旨题。文章开篇对印度边境的地理状况进行了描写,接着描述了
边境上的帕坦人的生活,除了收获季节,他们终年处于战争中,每个人都是
一个战士,每个大房子都是名副其实的战争堡垒,第二段介绍了这里的人们
对英国引入的来复的欢迎,最后一段写到殖民者修路对这里的影响。可见
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全文都是针对帕坦人的战争生活展开的,故答案为[D]。[A]
没有抓住中心思想;[B]和[C] 都只是十九世纪影响帕坦人生活的因素之一,
不全面。
【难词突破】
核心词
theologian n. 神学者,空头理论家
smuggler n. 走私者,走私船,走私犯
intruder n. 闯入者,入侵者
超纲词
vendetta n. 世仇,宿怨
unmitigated adj. 未缓和的,未被缓解的
Text D
短文大意
本文主要介绍了museum 一词随着岁月的变迁,词义发生改变的过程。museum
本是希腊词,指任何尊崇缪司的场所和事物。后来随着希腊艺术品流入罗马,
museum 一词也随之传入拉丁语,但意义上没有发生多大变化。到十五世纪时,
欧洲出现“复古”潮流,艺术家们纷纷仿制古代艺术品,museum 仍和“缪司
的圣地”有着千丝万缕的联系。十七世纪人们仇视古代艺术品,多亏博古家
们转移保护,才免遭浩劫。十九世纪早期,人们开始修建博物馆收藏保护古
代艺术品,museum一词的现代意义形成。
25. [B]。
【精解】语义理解题。根据下文可知,全文主旨在于介绍museum 一词在历史
过程中的变化,本句的意思为“museum 一词的意义随着岁月的流逝发生了改
变”,答案为[B]。
26. [D]。
【精解】细节题。首段第二句“It first meant (in Greek) anything
consecrated to the Muses:a
hill,a shrine,a garden,a festival or even a
textbook.”可以看出museum 可以用来指代山脉或事物起源于Greek,[D] 为
答案。27. [C]。
【精解】语义理解题。文中第三段谈到先是王公大臣,然后是商人掀起了古
代文物收藏热,古代艺术品供不应求,刺激了赝品制造者提高仿制古代艺术
品的技艺水平,达到以假乱真的目的,故[C]
为答案。 28. [B]。
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【精解】推断题。由第四段开头提到的“they were not‘collected’either,but
‘sitespecific’,and were
considered an integral part both of the fabric of the
buildings”可知油画和雕塑并不是存在的,而是和建筑物联为一体、不
可分割的,故[B] 为答案。 29.
[A]。【精解】细节题。末段指出,十七世纪时欧洲人仇视皇室和教堂的纪念
物,幸亏博古家们的转移保护,才使得大量的古代艺术品免遭浩劫。十九世
纪早期,欧洲各国更是纷纷兴建博物馆来收藏和保护古代文物,故答案为[A]。
30. [B]。
【精解】主旨题。全文介绍了museum 一词意义的变化过程,以及museum 一
词现代意义的由来,故答案为[B],其他三项都只是介绍museum 一词的意义
变化时提到的例子,不能作为全文标题。
【难词突破】
核心词consecrate v. 献给,使神圣emulation n.竞赛,竞争
exemplary adj. 可仿效的,可做模范的
antiquarian n. 古文物家,古董商超纲词transliteration n. 音译法
We use language primarily as a means of communication with
other human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which we
live a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as
(1)to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular
(2)message: the English speaker has iii his disposal at vocabulary and
a (3)set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his (4)
thoughts and feelings, ill a variety of styles, to the other English
(5)speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses
active-[yand that which he recognises, increases ill size as he grows
old as a result of education and experience. (6)
But, whether the language store is relatively small or large, the system
remains no more, than a psychological reality for tike inpidual, unless
he has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another
(7)member of his linguistic community; he bas to give tile system a
concrete transmission form. We take it for granted rice’ two most (8)
common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by our
vocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (writing). And these are (9)
among most striking of human achievements. (10)
Translate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write
your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.
中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切,在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出
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人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位,而非绝对统治万物的主
宰。因此我们的苦闷,基本上比西方人为少为小;因为苦闷的强弱原是随欲
望与野心的大小而转移的。农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多,因此
欲望也小得多。况中国古代素来以不滞于物,不为物役为最主要的人生哲学。
并非我们没有守财奴,但比起莫里哀与巴尔扎克笔下的守财奴与野心家来,
就小巫见大巫了。中国民族多数是性情中正和平、淡泊、朴实,比西方人容
易满足。
写作部分:
Joseph Epstein, a famous American writer, once said, "We decide what
is important and what is trivial in life. We decide (so) that what makes
us significant is either what we do or what we refuse to do. But no
matter how different the universe may be to our choices and decisions,
these choices and decisions are ours to make. We decide. We choose.
And as we decide and choose, so are our lives formed. In the end, forming
our own destiny is what ambition is about." Do you agree or disagree
with him? Write an essay of about 400 words
entitled:
