英语语音教案第八单元重读音节和非重读音节

详细教学内容

I．Division of syllables

Introduction

First of all, let’s look at the syllable in English.

Please listen to the following word: driveway, banana.

Now, tell me, how many syllables there are in this word? Right. There are two. Please listen to the following sentence: Drive him away.

Tell me, how many syllables there are in this sentence? Right. There are four.

So, What is a syllable?

A syllable is a word part and the smallest phonetic unit（voice unit）in English containing a vowel sound. English words can have one, two, three or even more syllables. In the word ‘driveway’, there are two syllables. In the sentence ‘Drive him away’, there are four.

音节( syllable)是说话时最小的语音单位，含有一个响亮音素的声音片段构成一个音节。

音节的划分

1、一般来说在一个单词中有几个元音就有几个音节，be, China, position

在将一个单词划分为音节时，要注意以下三点：

1）单词末尾不发音的e不构成音节。make

2)有时两上元音字母在一起为字母组合时，只发一个元音，因此只算一个音节。boat / b u t / , train / trein /

3）词尾的-le可以和它前边的辅音构成一个音节。

People / pi:pl /, capable / keip bl /

2、音节划分规则：

1）如果在两个发音的元音字母之间只有一个辅音字母时，这个辅音字母（r 除外）就划在后面的一个音节。

paper Friday student

2）如果在两个发音的元音字母之间有两辅音字母（r除外），第一个划为前面的音节，第二个划分后面的音节。

happy cotton factory lesson3）如果两个辅音字母是字母组合或构成辅音连缀的，就不能分开，则要按字母组合或辅音连缀的规则划在一起，或属前一个音节，或属后一个音节。

faithful father orchard contrary

4）如果有两个元音字母并连而不联合发音时，则各划归一个音节。

create /kri: eit/, fluently/flu:n tli/

5）辅音一般不能单独构成音节，但这三个音/ m /,/ n /,/ l /出现在词尾时，也能和前面的辅音构成音节。

/ ＇lesn / / ＇pi:pl / / ＇buzm /

II．Stressed and unstressed syllables in words

What is a stressed syllable?

Stressed syllables are those which receive more stress than the others.

In English words with more than one syllable, one of them will receive more stress than the others. Stressed syllables are those that are marked in the dictionary as stressed. For example, in the word ‘driveway’, the first syllable is a stressed syllable while the second syllable is not.

Stressed syllables in English are usually longer, louder, and higher in pitch.

Listen to the following example:

ba NAAAA na

Syllable 1 Syllable 2 Syllable 3

(short) (long) (short)

The word "banana" has 3 syllables. Syllable 1 is not stressed and so is short. Syllable 2 is stressed and so is long with a clear vowel sound /a:/. Syllable 3 is not stressed and so is also short.

Here is a short summary about the stressed and unstressed syllables:

Stressed syllables are strong syllables. Unstressed syllables are weak syllables.

Stressed syllables:

-are long

-have a pitch change

-have full vowel sounds.

Unstressed syllables:-are short

-often have a reduced vowel sound.

Correct stress is important

Look up these words in the dictionary and you will see a mark indicating stress

in front of this syllable. People often have difficulty understanding these words if the stress is wrong because a word is considered mispronounced if the wrong syllable stress is used. Correct stress is, therefore, as important as correct sounds.

单音节词只有一个音节，在单独读音时，须重读，无须标出重音符。 sit boy bag

III.单词的重音规则

每个单词都有一个重音，单音节词都读重音，但不须标出重音符号。两个

音节以上的单词重音的位置可以在任何一个音节上。遇到一个新单词，最可靠

的办法是查字典，按照音标来读音。不过，有些单词的重音是可以找到规律的。1．双音节词的重音往往在第一个音节上（常用名词和动词）

student father teacher people pretty learner

2．带有前缀a-, be-, in-, dis-, ex-, un-的双音节词,重音落在第二个音节上,因为前缀是不重读的。

away ago arrive become before begin invite include increase

disclose expect except unlock undo

3. 多音节词重音多落在倒数第三个音节上，此时重读音节中的元音字母一般读

短音。

difficult family hospital familiar economy

4. 四个音节以上的单词常有次重音，多在重读音节前第二个音节上

agricultural communication

5．以下后缀决定重音的位置在后缀前一个音节上。

-ive preventive protective impressive

-ion invention composition

-ial /-al essential fundamental

-ic photographic economic

-ious infectious

-ity opportunity capability responsibility6.带有以下后缀的单词，重音落在倒数第四个音节上（前提是这些单词必须有四个以上的音节）

-ary vocabulary

-ator investigator

-mony ceremony

-acy intimacy

-ory category

英语多音节词的重音通常都在一个固定的位置上，但是重音的位置是无法预测的。这是由于英语词汇是一种混合词汇，重音模式规则错综复杂。因此，在很大程度上每个多音节词的重音模式都得逐个学逐个记。

如带-ive后缀的词：

con’servative i’maginative

(There is no rule without exception.没有一条规则没有例外。)

IV.单词重音练习：

听课文Unit 8 page82-88录音，要求学生能按正确的重音结构读出所列单词。出现的四个音节以上的单词，可以引导学生领会次重读音节。第二小题要求学生能分辨老师读出的单词的重音。这些词中有些是复合名词，要求学生掌握这些词的重音。

V.布置作业

Listen for Information and Imitation on Page93