Reading Comprehension
The Future of Work Is Rich in Technology
A. We check e-mail as soon as we reach home, and take a look at our inboxes along the way. We respond to calls, texts, and messages even while on vacation. At work, we use Cisco Telepresence (远程呈现) or Skype to discuss with colleagues all over the world. Companies often allow employees to work from home for one or two days a week; some let them live in remote locations. This has all become the norm. A decade ago, we could not have imagined being always on, always connected, with work following us wherever we go.
B. This is just the beginning. The nature of work itself is changing for knowledge workers. During this decade, location will cease to be a barrier; many types of work will be done as micro-tasks; and we will be cooperating in new ways. What will be most problematic is that our employers will make even greater demands on us and further intrude (侵入) into our lives. This is the future we are headed into, whether we like it or not.
C. For our grandparents, "work" was almost always in a factory or on a farm. Today, the farm and factory jobs are performed by a decreasing minority. There are still many jobs in the services sector that require physical work. But increasingly our workforce is performing tasks that are done with the mind—that require knowledge and skill. These knowledge jobs can be assisted by technology.
D. Note how accounting firms routinely outsource (把……外包) boring work, as do lawyers, and as do doctors, for tasks such as medical transcription. Not long ago, small and mid-sized projects were outsourced through Web sites—not just to India but also to remote workers in the United States and Europe. A micro-task economy is now flourishing on some sites, in which smaller tasks are farmed out. Big and small tasks such as data handling, Web site development, design, and transcription are commonly done by workers in diverse locations. Crowdsourcing (众包) is making it possible for work to be done simultaneously (同时地) by many people—no matter where they are.
E. Businesses are beginning to do this as well. Rather than locking workers in departmental silos (筒仓), companies on the cutting edge are encouraging employees to start communicating with each other on internal social-media sites. What used to be the quarterly e-mail from the CEO has become a kind of information-sharing within companies—at all levels. Companies will start designing and developing new products and services by engaging their entire employee base.
F. Telepresence robots are taking video conferencing to a new level. There are several products on the market, such as Beam by Suitable Technologies and Fellow Robots, that allow a screen mounted on a mobile platform to move around the office and experience what is happening in a more human way. Imagine walking into your boss's office while you are at home, stepping into a conference room to join a meeting, or chit-chatting with your peers around the water fountain. Next generation video-conferencing technologies such as Mezzanine by Oblong Industries are using multiple screens and spatial user interfaces (界面) to allow people in different locations to cooperate and share electronic information in a science fiction-like setting.
G. We can expect Google Glass-type devices to bring the computer display to our body—so that we view the screen on our glasses and don't need to sit at a desk any more. I expect future versions to provide 3D experiences that simulate the holodecks (全景操作平台) we saw in Star Trek. And who knows, we may well have holodecks that make it feel as though we are together—but that is getting too far into the future. During this decade, we'll have to settle for 2D interfaces and 3D simulations.
H. This is all exciting—and terrifying enough. But what worries me is the intrusion (侵入) that companies will increasingly make into our lives and the exhaustion we will suffer from always being at the call of our employers. I know from personal experience how hard it is to turn off e-mail and disconnect from social media. This will only get worse for all of us as we become more connected.
I. And then there will be demands by our employers for us to better manage our lifestyles—so that they can reduce their health bills and get more out of us. Just as companies reward workers who join health clubs and stop smoking, we will see them making greater demands. They will be able to measure what we do because we will increasingly be wearing biometric (生物计量的)-monitoring devices such as the Nike FuelBand and Fitbit Flex and our smartphones will be adding new sensors. The new generation of sensor-based devices will continually gather data about our movement, heart rate, weight, sleep, and other health-related matters and upload these to the cloud. Before giving you more sick leave, employers will probably demand that you improve your lifestyle and habits.
J. All of this may seem like science fiction, but it isn't. The future is happening faster than we think and changing important parts of our existence.
1、 Today, only a decreasing minority of people work in factories and on farms.
2、 The boundary between work and life will become obscure and knowledge workers' lives will be further invaded by their work.
3、 Employees of companies on the cutting edge are encouraged to connect with each other through internal social-media sites.
4、 With the help of the new generation of sensor-based devices, our health- related data will be gathered and uploaded to the cloud.
5、 To work at home for one or two days a week has already become something common.
6、 Telepresence robots are making video conferences more like real conferences.
7、 Google Glass-type devices are expected to enable us to view the computer screen without sitting at a desk.
8、 It's quite popular that companies farm out their small projects through Web sites
9、 It will be harder for us to turn off e-mail and get away from social media as we become more connected online.
10、 Because of crowdsourcing, it is possible for work to be done by many people of various places at the same time.
The Dark Side of Emotional Intelligence
A. Some of the greatest moments in human history were fueled by emotional intelligence. When Martin Luther King, Jr. presented his dream, he chose the language that would stir the hearts of his audience. Dr. King demonstrated remarkable skill in managing his own emotions and in sparking emotions that moved his audience to action. Recognizing the power of emotions, another one of the most influential leaders of the 20th century spent years studying the emotional effects of his body language. Practicing his hand gestures and analyzing images of his movements allowed him to become "an absolutely attractive public speaker," says the historian Roger Moorhouse—"it was something he worked very hard on." His name was Adolf Hitler.
B. Since the 1995 publication of Daniel Goleman's bestseller, emotional intelligence has been advocated by leaders, policymakers, and educators as the solution to a wide range of social problems. If we can teach our children to manage emotions, the argument goes, we'll have less bullying and more cooperation. If we can cultivate emotional intelligence among leaders and doctors, we'll have more caring workplaces and more sympathetic healthcare. As a result, emotional intelligence is now taught widely in secondary schools, business schools, and medical schools.
C. Emotional intelligence is important, but the unbridled (无拘束的) enthusiasm has obscured a dark side. New evidence shows that when people practice their emotional skills, they become better at manipulating others. When you're good at controlling your own emotions, you can disguise your true feelings. When you know what others are feeling, you can tug (拨动) at their heartstrings and motivate them to act against their own best interests. Social scientists have begun to document this dark side of emotional intelligence. In the emerging research led by University of Cambridge professor Jochen Menges, when a leader gave an inspiring speech filled with emotion, the audience was less likely to examine the message carefully and remembered less of the content. Ironically, audience members were so moved by the speech that they claimed to recall more of it.
马基雅维利主义的;不择手段的) tendencies, and took a test measuring their knowledge about effective strategies for managing emotions. Then, Cote's team assessed how often the employees deliberately undermined their colleagues. The employees who engaged in the most harmful behaviors were Machiavellians with high emotional intelligence. They used their emotional skills to demean (贬低) and embarrass their peers for personal gain.
E. Shining a light on this dark side of emotional intelligence is one mission of a research team led by University College London professor Martin Kilduff. According to these experts, emotional intelligence helps people disguise one set of emotions while expressing another for personal gain. Emotionally intelligent people "intentionally shape their emotions to fabricate favorable impressions of themselves," Professor Kilduff's team writes. "The strategic disguise of one's own emotions and the manipulation of others' emotions for strategic ends are behaviors evident not only on Shakespeare's stage but also in the offices and corridors where power and influence are traded."
F. Of course, people aren't always using emotional intelligence for immoral ends. More often than not, emotional skills are simply instrumental tools for goal accomplishment. In a study of emotions at the Body Shop, a research team led by Stanford professor Joanne Martin discovered that founder Anita Roddick used emotions to inspire her employees to fundraise for charity. As Roddick explained, "Whenever we wanted to persuade our staff to support a particular project we always tried to break their hearts." However, Roddick also encouraged employees to be strategic in the timing of their emotion expressions. In one case, after noticing that an employee often "breaks down in tears with frustration," Roddick said it was acceptable to cry, but "I told her it has to be used. I said, 'Here, cry at this point in the...meeting.'" When viewing Roddick as an exemplar of an emotionally intelligent leader, it becomes clear that there's a fine line between motivation and manipulation.
G. In settings where emotions aren't running high, emotional intelligence may have hidden costs. Recently, psychologists Dana Joseph of the University of Central Florida and Daniel Newman of the University of Illinois comprehensively analyzed every study that has ever examined the link between emotional intelligence and job performance. Across hundreds of studies of thousands of employees in 191 different jobs, emotional intelligence wasn't consistently linked with better performance. In jobs that required extensive attention to emotions, higher emotional intelligence translated into better performance. Salespeople, real-estate agents, call-center representatives, and counselors all excelled at their jobs when they knew how to read and regulate emotions—they were able to deal more effectively with stressful situations and provide service with a smile.
H. However, in jobs that involved fewer emotional demands, the results reversed. The more emotionally intelligent employees were, the lower their job performance. For mechanics, scientists, and accountants, emotional intelligence was a disadvantage rather than an asset. Although more research is needed to unpack these results, one promising explanation is that these employees were paying attention to emotions when they should have been focusing on their tasks. If your job is to analyze data or repair cars, it can be quite distracting to read the facial expressions, vocal tones, and body languages of the people around you. In suggesting that emotional intelligence is critical in the workplace, perhaps we've put the cart before the horse (本倒置).
I. More than two decades have passed since psychologists Peter Salovey at Yale and John Mayer at the University of New Hampshire introduced the concept of emotional intelligence in 1990. Why has it taken us so long to develop a more nuanced view? After Daniel Goleman popularized the idea in 1995, many researchers proceeded to conduct studies that were fatally flawed (有缺陷的).
J. Thanks to more rigorous (严密的) research methods, there is growing recognition that emotional intelligence—like any skill—can be used for good or evil. So if we're going to teach emotional intelligence in schools and develop it at work, we need to consider the values that go along with it and where it's actually useful. As Professor Kilduff and colleagues put it, it is high time that emotional intelligence is "separated from its association with desirable moral qualities."
11、 The concept of emotional intelligence was introduced more than 20 years ago by Peter Salovey and John Mayer.
12、 In most cases, emotional skills are used to help accomplish goals instead of reaching immoral ends.
13、
14、 For a call-center representative, the skill to read and regulate emotions is quite important to demonstrate better job performance.
15、 Leaders, policymakers and educators think lots of social problems can be solved by emotional intelligence.
16、 One mission of Martin Kilduff's research team is to figure out the dark side of emotional intelligence.
17、 According to Jochen Menges' research, audiences pay less attention to the content of the speech when the speech is full of emotion.
18、 High emotional intelligence is harmful to people who have jobs with fewer emotional demands.
19、 As a result of more rigorous research methods, people tend to have a better understanding over emotional intelligence's influence.
20、 New evidence shows that emotional intelligence can be used as a weapon to manipulate other people.
My Nose Made Me Buy It: How Merchants Use Smell to Get You to Spend
A. Has this happened to you? You set out for the mall with your list of holiday gifts. You walk into a store and you're hit with the smell of cinnamon(肉桂), you hear Christmas carols (颂歌) playing—and suddenly you purchase five sweaters, six scarves and the three-for-one sock that you had no intention of buying in the first place. Don't blame yourself. Blame your nose.
B. Holiday buying is a very carefully planned process. Merchants know what subconscious (潜意识的) factors get customers more interested in their products. For instance, research shows that people are more often physically drawn to warm-colored displays featuring yellows and reds, but overall, they rate cooler colors like blues and greens more favorably. This means that warm colors are better for the spontaneous purchases and getting the customer to come into the store, whereas cool colors attract the customer with a plan, who knows what they want but will take the time to look through the options.
C. Such sensory branding is becoming a bigger part of stores' consumer marketing. Merchants often rely on music and colors to create a mood, but now they're targeting the other sense, smell, to get customers to make a more sophisticated connection to the brand through their shopping experience— they even have a name for it: olfactive branding (嗅觉品牌推广).
D. The sense of smell is still less understood than the other senses, but studies show it plays a role in how we perceive our surroundings. For instance, the olfactory bulb (嗅球) that's responsible for processing smells, is part of the brain's limbic system (边缘系统), which is related to memories and emotions. That's why smell has the power to excite emotional memories (and why the scent of someone's perfume can bring up memories of that person). And good memories may make you more likely to purchase items that remind you of those happy emotions.
E. "When we think about any experience, whether it's personal or commercial, our sense of smell so profoundly plays into how we perceive and make judgments on the experience," says Ed Burke, director of training and communications for ScentAir, a company that develops scents for specific merchants and hospitality brands from Hugo Boss to Marriott Hotels.
F. ScentAir meets with its clients to develop a scent that's in line with what the brand's customers and with what the company is trying to accomplish. Then, ScentAir's team of designers and scientists tailor a scent to meet the business' goals in a process similar to the way a store sets up its visual floor plan. According to Burke, often the client and ScentAir imagine a specific customer, and what the store wants from that customer—which is usually repeat visits. "We can boil it down to the customer the brand is hoping to connect to. We look at who is buying on a regular basis, what music they like, how often they buy technology, etc. Then we start to get creative," says Burke.
G. For instance, one store may want a fresh air scent, and another may want the store to smell like fresh cotton. If ScentAir is working with a department store, it can get even more complicated. Specific scents can be customized for specific departments, such as a baby powder smell for the child's section or a coconut (椰树) scent in swimwear. It's hard not to feel compelled to pick up a bikini while you're enjoying yourself in the smell of coconuts and thinking about your favorite beach.
H. Take the luxury fashion brand, Hugo Boss, which chose its scent from ScentAir about five years ago after testing three different smells in their storeroom. One significantly stood out—a musky (麝香的) smell with a little bit of citrus (柑橘类植物)—and about 3.5 years ago, the scent was put in every single store. "We really wanted to have a signature scent in our stores. We wanted it to feel like coming home," says Ward Simmons, head of brand and communications for Hugo Boss. "When you walk into our store you can see the layout, you can touch and feel the clothes, you can hear the music. The one thing that was missing was the smell. It was the last ingredient to make people feel at home and welcome in the store." Most of the sales at Hugo Boss are from male customers, but women still shop at the store, and executives didn't want to exclude them. "We wanted people to come in and feel like it was a men's club, but we didn't want women to feel intimidated. Women actually react better to it than men because they take the time to notice it," says Simmons. "It's the same scent everywhere, so you can walk in and think, 'oh, I am in a Hugo Boss store.'"
I. During the holidays, ScentAir receives many requests for seasonal smells. In 2014, the company is creating a specific holiday signature scent for Old Navy in about 100 of their stores. "It's a memory-filled time of year, and there are many cues we can pull from in the smell world," says Burke. Common scents used to create a seasonal smell use notes of cinnamon, nutmeg (肉豆蔻), clove (丁香), evergreen (常青树), cranberry (越橘), citrus, and cedar
J. Sure, we can't know for sure that a specific scent will urge us to open our wallets, but it can make us feel more comfortable at a store, and that can improve sales in the long run. Hugo Boss received such great feedback about its store scent, that the company made a candle with the smell that they sold last year during the holidays. And they have no plans to get rid of its scent anytime soon.
K. So the next time you're out shopping, take a smell, and see if you can spot the odorizer (增香剂). Some place scent machines above the door of their stores, while others control the scent through the ventilation system (通风系统). And get ready to start buying.
21、 Warm colors are better than cool colors in terms of attracting customers to come into the store.
22、 In some stores, the scent comes from the scent machine above the door.
23、 Hugo Boss wants its signature scent in their stores to give customers the feeling of coming home.
24、 Smell can remind people of emotional experiences in the past.
25、 A specific scent which makes customers feel comfortable can benefit the stores in the long ran.
26、 A baby powder smell is suitable for the child's section of a department store.
27、 The way ScentAir's team creates the scent for its customers resembles the way a store works on its visual floor plan.
28、 Merchants now aim to make use of smell to connect customers with their brand.
29、 The target costumers of Hugo Boss are mainly male shoppers.
30、 Our sense of smell can greatly affect us when we are making judgments on the experience we think about.
How to Fall Asleep?
A. It's 4 a.m. The clock ticks, the moon glows, the dog snores and you just stare. Perhaps you stare into the blackish red of the inside of your eyelids as you lie still, thinking if you pretend to be sleeping, the real thing will surely come. Or maybe you stare the laundry on the floor, then the glowing 4:01 a.m. time, as you turn and shift and stare some more. And you know you shouldn't be staring: you should be sleeping! You should be logging those crucial seven-plus hours of quality sleep each night, and the frustration that you cannot will make you feel angrier at this 4:02 a.m. stare session. And it's hard to fall asleep when you're infuriated (激怒).
B. So what do you do? The first step to getting more sleep is to perfect your sleep hygiene (卫生;保健). That means developing a regular sleep schedule, using your bed only for sleep, and ditching electronics and caffeine well before bedtime. But that second step is for the daylight hours. The first step is to get to sleep now, so you can grab at least a couple hours before the birds start chirping (鸣叫). The tips below might help you sleep easier. Here's the advice of Eric Olson, co-director of the Center for Sleep Medicine at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester Minn., and Harneet Walia, a doctor in the Cleveland Clinic's Sleep Disorders Center:
C. Get out of bed. When you lie awake in bed, you send yourself the wrong message. "You're basically training your body not to sleep in bed, but to lie there and not sleep," Walia says. "And your mind can get conditioned to that." Olson puts it another way, "The longer we lie there and get frustrated in that environment, the more we come to anticipate it next time we're there," he says. "We come to associate the bedroom with not sleeping well." So if you're unable to sleep for about a 15 or 20 minute stretch, slip into your slippers and out of the room. Try something relaxing and non-stimulating. Listen to music. Read a book. Even consider cleaning the house or doing the dishes, Olson suggests. A bath might do the trick, according to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, because sleepiness can develop from the post-bath drop in body temperature. Whatever activity you choose, do it away from bed, and return when you're feeling tired.
D. Try relaxation techniques. Use whatever relaxation tips you know to combat this inappropriately timed alertness. Try your favorite calming yoga pose. Neuroscience (神经科学) researcher Catherine Kerr explains a simple way of relaxing through breathing. You simply note the rising and falling of your breath, and focus on the parts of your body where you feel your breath, whether it's in the lungs, tip of your nose or elsewhere.
E. Walia suggests progressive muscle relaxation: Working from your toes to your forehead, tightly tense each muscle group for five seconds, and then relax. Visualization is another classic relaxing technique, in which you picture yourself someplace pleasant and calm. And what about the mother of all sleep remedies—counting sheep? Olson views this as a "mental distraction technique," like visualization. With sleep, he says, "the harder you try to get it, often the more elusive (难以捕捉的) it is." So whether you're counting farm animals or picturing yourself in a hammock (吊床), the idea is the same, Olson says. "You're getting your mind off of 'I can't sleep; I can't sleep; I can't sleep,' and onto something else."
F. Ease anxiety. Sometimes the sleeplessness stems from worry. Your brain is overworking, thinking about your bank account and the big meeting tomorrow. For people who consistently have trouble "quieting the mind" at night, Olson suggests trying "to train your mind to think about those things at more appropriate times of the day." Schedule a time each day between work and dinner to simply write a sentence or two about what's worrying you and where you stand with that. "Maybe it's as simple as, 'I thought about this today, but I don't have any real solutions right now.'" Olson says. By systematically documenting these worries during the day, ideally, you'll be less likely to focus on them at night. At that point, Walia suggests, "Write down all your worries on a piece of paper so it's out of your head." And try the breathing, muscle relaxation and visualization techniques above.
G. Another common anxiety that is hidden in the wee hours (凌晨) of a sleepless night is the mounting awareness that you're not asleep when you should be. Stress and frustration increase as you worry about how you need to be up for work in four (or three or two) hours. The experts' suggestion? Get rid of time cues. "No clock watching," Walia says, "That's a big no-no. Turn the clock around."
H. Medicate (用药治疗) with caution. Whether prescription or over-the-counter, Walia and Olson do not recommend drugs as a first choice for relieving sleeplessness. Ideally, the tips above and improved sleep hygiene should do the trick. But, should you choose a sleep aid, Olson reminds people that, of course, they make you sleepy. "Avoid taking a sleep medicine the closer you get to morning," he says. "You don't want to be hung over because you took that Tylenol (泰勒诺,一种药物) at 5:30 a.m. just to sleep another hour." Olson also advises that those who tuna to over-the-counter sleep aids don't do this continuously, so as to help avoid building a habit, and to check with their doctors that the medicine doesn't interfere with any of their conditions or medications. If you take a Food and Drug Administration-approved prescription sleep aid, Walia points out that it should be for the short term.
I. See a doctor. If your sleeplessness is frequent and influencing your daytime behavior, bring it up with your physician. "When people start to feel like they're worried about their sleep during the day, that's probably the time when they need some guidance," Olson says.
31、 After taking a bath, the drop in body temperature might make you feel sleepy.
32、 Ideally, taking down all your worries in the daytime systematically can ease your anxiety at night.
33、 In order to get more sleep, the first thing you should do is to perfect your sleep hygiene.
34、 Experts suggest people who try to fall asleep in the wee hours shouldn't try to figure out what time it is.
35、 Lying awake in bed makes your body wrongly believe the bed is only used for you to lie but not sleep.
36、 If your frequent sleeplessness starts to affect your behavior in the daytime, you should visit a doctor.
37、 Relaxations like yoga may help you get rid of the untimely alertness.
38、 Olson thinks both counting sheep and visualization can be regarded as a "mental distraction technique".
39、 It will be hard for you to fall asleep if you're angry.
40、 Try not to resort to medication to get rid of sleeplessness at the very first place.
答案:
Reading Comprehension
1、
题干意为,现如今,只有很少的一部分人在工厂或农场里工作,而且人数越来越少。注意抓住题干中的关键词a decreasing minority和in factories and on farms。原文C段提到了现今人们在工厂和农场工作的情况。该段第二句指出,如今,仅有极少数人在工厂或农场里工作,而且人数还在减少。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选C。
2、
题干意为,工作和生活之间的界线变得模糊,知识型劳动者的生活被工作进一步侵入。注意抓住题干中的关键词knowledge workers和further invaded。原文B段提到了关于知识型劳动者的内容。该段第二句至第四句指出,对于知识型劳动者而言,工作的本质正在发生改变。地点将不再是一种阻隔。最大的问题是雇主将对我们要求更多,并将进一步侵入我们的生活。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选B。
3、
题干意为,前沿公司的员工被鼓励通过内部社交媒体网站互相联系。注意抓住题干中的关键词companies on the cutting edge。原文E段提到了关于前沿公司的内容。该段第二句指出,处于前沿的公司鼓励员工通过内部社交网站互相沟通,而不是把员工关在各部门的筒仓里。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选E。
4、
题干意为,在新一代基于传感器的设备的帮助下,有关我们健康状况的数据将会被汇总并发送至云端。注意抓住题干中的关键词new generation of sensor-based devices和cloud。原文I段提到了新一代基于传感器的设备和云端相关的内容。该段第四句指出,新一代的基于传感器的设备会持续收集关于我们的运动、心率、体重、睡眠和其他健康相关事项的数据并将其发送至云端。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选I。
5、
题干意为,每周在家办公一天或两天已经成为一种常见的事情。注意抓住题干中的关键词work at home for one or two days a week。原文A段提到了关于每周在家办公一天或两天的内容。该段第四句中指出,很多公司常常让员工每星期在家办公一天或两天;有些甚至允许员工住在边远地区。第五句中紧接着说到这些都已成为普遍现象。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选A。
6、
题干意为,远程监控机器人让人觉得视频会议更加真实。注意抓住题干中的关键词Telepresence robots和video conferences。原文F段提到视频会议技术更上一层楼的相关内容。该段第二句指出各种产品使得会议视频的体验更加人性化;下一句紧接着提到一个设想场景,说明这些产品带给人仿真的体验。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选F。
7、
题干意为,谷歌眼镜一类的设备有望使我们能够不用坐在桌旁就可以看电脑屏幕。注意抓住题干中的关键词Google Glass-type和without sitting at a desk。原文G段提到谷歌眼镜式设备带给人的体验。该段首句指出,我们期待谷歌眼镜式设备能够把计算机显示器带到我们的身上,这样我们戴上眼镜就可以看到屏幕,而不用非要坐在桌前了。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述。故选G。
8、
题干意为,现在很流行公司把小项目通过互联网外包出去。注意抓住题干中的关键词farm out their small projects through Web sites。原文D段提到了公司外包工作的情况。该段第三句中指出,在一些网站,微任务经济正繁荣起来,小任务都被外包出去。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选D。
9、
题干意为,随着我们越来越多地在网络上互相联系,关掉邮箱和远离社交媒体对我们来说会越来越难。注意抓住题干中的关键词turn off e-mail和as we become more connected。原文H段提到了关掉邮箱和远离社交媒体很难。该段第三句和第四句指出,根据个人经验,我知道关掉邮箱和断开社交媒体是多么困难的事。随着我们的联系日益紧密,这种情况只会变得越来越糟。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选H。
10、
题干意为,因为众包,一项工作得以由很多身处各地的人同时完成。注意抓住题干中的关键词crowdsourcing。原文D段提到了很多公司都将一些工作外包。该段最后一句中指出,众包使得一项工作同时由多人完成变得可能——不管那些人身在何处。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选D。
11、
题干意为,情商这一概念是二十多年前由彼得·沙罗维和约翰·梅尔提出的。注意抓住题干中的关键词The concept of emotional intelligence和Peter Salovey and John Mayer。原文I段提到情商概念的产生和发展。该段首句指出,距离1990年彼得·沙罗维和约翰·梅尔提出情商的概念已经有二十多年了。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选I。
12、
题干意为,在多数情况下,情感技巧被用于帮助实现目标而不是达到不道德的目的。注意抓住题干中的关键词In most cases和help accomplish goals。原文F段提到了情感技巧在多数时间的使用情况。该段第一句和第二句中指出,当然,情商也并不总被用于的目的。更多时候,情感技巧仅仅是达到目的的重要工具。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选F。
13、
题干意为,史蒂芬·科特的研究表明,具有高情商的员工倾向于为了一己私利而伤害他人。注意抓住题干中的关键词和personal gain。原文D段提到了史蒂芬·科特的研究与个人私利相关的内容。该段最后两句指出,那些会做出最为伤人的事情的员工正是高情商的马基雅维利主义者。他们为了个人利益利用自己的情感技巧贬低他们的同事并使他们感到尴尬。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选D。
14、
题干意为,对于呼叫中心接待员来说,读懂情绪和调节情绪的技能对于更好的工作表现至关重要。注意抓住题干中的关键词call-center representative。原文G段提到,在某一些职业中,高情商可以使人表现得更好,该段末句指出,当销售人员、房地产经纪人、呼叫中心接待员和顾问知道如何读懂和调节情绪时,他们就会在各自的工作中有更好的表现。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选G。
15、
题干意为,领导者、决策者和教育工作者们认为情商可以解决很多的社会问题。注意抓住题干中的关键词leaders,policymakers and educators。原文B段提到了领导人、决策者和教育工作者对情商的看法。该段首句中指出,自1995年丹尼尔·戈尔曼的畅销书出版以来,情商一直被领导者、决策者和教育工作者们推崇为解决大量社会问题的良方。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选B。
16、
题干意为,马丁·奇达夫研究团队的使命之一是找出情商的阴暗面。注意抓住题干中的关键词One mission和Martin Kilduff。原文E段提到了马丁·奇达夫所领导的研究团队的使命。该段首句中指出,伦敦大学学院的马丁·奇达夫教授研究团队的任务之一是揭开情商的阴暗面。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选E。
17、
题干意为,约亨·门杰斯的研究发现,当演讲中充满激情时,听众们往往更少关注演讲的内容。注意抓住题干中的关键词Jochen Menses' research。原文C段提到约亨·门杰斯的研究。该段倒数第二句指出,剑桥大学的约亨·门杰斯教授领导的一项新研究发现,当一名领导人发表鼓舞人心而又充满感情的演讲时,听众不太会仔细核查其所传达的信息,记住的内容也越少。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选C。
18、
题干意为,高情商对于那些从事对情商要求较低的工作的人来说是有害的。注意抓住题干中的关键词harmful和jobs with fewer emotional demands。原文H段提到了情商对工作所能产生的反作用。该段第一句和第二句中指出,然而,在对情商要求不那么高的工作中,结果却截然相反。员工的情商越高,工作表现就越差。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选H。
19、
题干意为,由于更严谨的研究方法出现,人们对情商所能产生的影响有了更好的了解。注意抓住题干中的关键词more rigorous research methods。原文J段提到了更严谨的研究方法的相关内容。该段首句中指出,多亏了更严谨的研究方法,人们越来越认识到情商和其他任何能力一样,既可有利也可有弊。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选J。
20、
题干意为,新的证据表明,情商可以被用做操控他人的武器。注意抓住题干中的关键词New evidence和weapon。原文D段提到了与情商相关的新证据。该段第三句指出,新的证据表明,当人有利己的动机时,情商就成了操控他人的武器。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选D。
21、
题干意为,在吸引顾客进入商店方面,暖色调比冷色调要好。注意抓住题干中的关键词better和attracting customers to come into the store。原文B段提到了关于冷、暖色调的内容。该段第三句指出,这就意味着暖色调能更好地促进自主消费和将顾客吸引到店里来,而冷色调吸引的则是有计划的顾客。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选B。
22、
题干意为,在一些商店里,气味来自门上方的气味机器。注意抓住题干中的关键词the scent machine。文章段落中K段提到商店如何放置气味机器。该段第二句指出有些店家把气味机器放在店门上面,还有些店家利用通风装置控制气味。由此可知,题干与原文表述相符,故选K。
23、
题干意为,雨果·波士希望其门店的标志性气味给人宾至如归的感觉。注意抓住题干中的关键词Hugo Boss和the feeling of coming home。原文H段提到雨果·波士对于其门店标志性气味的描述。该段第三句提到,雨果·波士的品牌与公关主管沃德·西蒙斯说:“我们希望店里有一种标志性的气味,那种气味让人感觉就像回到了家一样。”由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选H。
24、
题干意为,气味能够唤起人们过去的情感经历。注意抓住题干中的关键词emotional experiences。原文D段提到关于嗅觉与情感经历的内容。该段第三句指出气味有唤醒情感记忆的力量。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选D。
25、
题干意为,从长远来看,一种特定的、让顾客感到舒适的气味能够使商家获益。注意抓住题干中的关键词benefit和in the long run。原文J段提到商店使用气味的结果。该段第一句指出我们无法确定一种特殊的气味就能使人打开钱包买东西,但气味的确会使人们在商店里感到更为舒适,长远来看可以增加销量。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选J。
26、
题干意为,婴儿爽身粉的气味适用于百货商店的儿童专区。注意抓住题干中的关键词a baby power smell和a department store。原文G段提到百货商店的气味设置。该段第三句指出特定的区域要有特定的气味,如婴儿爽身粉的气味用于儿童区,椰香用于泳装区。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选G。
27、
题干意为,仙爱尔为客户开发气味的方式与商店制作平面图的方式类似。注意抓住题干中的关键词floor plan。原文F段提到仙爱尔公司为客户研制气味的方式。该段第二句指出,仙爱尔的设计师和科学家团队将对一种气味进行调整,以符合商家的目标,这个过程就像是一家商店制作商店平面图。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选F。
28、
题干意为,零售商们现在旨在利用气味来建立客户与其品牌的关联。注意抓住题干中的关键词merchants now和connect customers with their brand。原文C段提到了零售商当前利用气味推广其品牌的情况。该段第二句中指出,商家通常依靠音乐和色彩来营造一种气氛,可现在他们开始专注于另一个感官——气味——来使顾客通过购物经历与其品牌建立一种更复杂的关联。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选C。
29、
题干意为,雨果·波士的目标客户主要是男性消费者。注意抓住题干中的关键词male shoppers。原文H段提到雨果·波士店里消费者的构成情况。该段第七句指出雨果·波士的消费者大多是男性,但女性也会来此购物,而且主管们不想将女性消费者排除在外。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选H。
30、
题干意为,我们的嗅觉会极大地影响我们对我们所想起的经历做出判断。注意抓住题干中的关键词sense of smell和making judgments。原文E段提到嗅觉对于判断的影响。该段中引用仙爱尔公司的培训和交流经理艾德·伯克的话指出,当我们想起一段经历,不管是个人的还是商业的,我们的嗅觉都对如何认知和评判这段经历起到很大作用。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选E。
31、
题干意为,沐浴后体温下降可能使你感觉困倦。注意抓住题干中的关键词bath和drop in body temperature。原文C段提到沐浴与睡眠的相关内容。该段第八句建议如果睡不着的话可以做一些放松且不刺激的事,随后在该段倒数第二句中指出,根据国家心、肺、血液研究所的研究,洗个澡也可能可以起到作用,因为睡意会在浴后的体温下降时悄然而至。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选C。
32、
题干意为,从理想的角度来讲,白天的时候把自己所有的担忧系统地记下来可以减少夜间的焦虑。注意抓住题干中的关键词Ideally和ease your anxiety。原文F段第二句提到,失眠有时候源于担忧,随后在倒数第三句指出,白天的时候系统地记录下这些问题,从理想的角度来看,晚上就不会那么纠结了。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选F。
33、
题干意为,要想获得更多睡眠,首先应该做的事就是优化睡眠保健。注意抓住题干中的关键词sleep hygiene。原文B段提到了解决失眠的两个步骤。该段第二句指出,获取更多睡眠的第一步是优化睡眠保健。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选B。
34、
题干意为,专家建议凌晨努力进入睡眠的人不要试着去弄明白已经几点了。注意抓住题干中的关键词Experts suggest和wee hours。原文G段提到了关于凌晨进入睡眠的内容。该段第三句和第四句指出,专家的建议是什么呢?抛掉时间暗示。随后引用瓦利亚的话说:“别再看表了,坚决不要再看表,把钟表转过去。”由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选G。
35、
题干意为,醒着躺在床上会使身体错误地认为床是用来躺的,而不是用来睡觉的。注意抓住题干中的关键词lying awake in bed。原文C段提到了醒着躺在床上的影响。该段第二句和第三句指出,当你醒着躺在床上时,就会给自己发出一个错误的信息。瓦利亚说:“这时候你实际上是在训练躺在床上不睡觉,只是躺在那却不睡。”由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选C。
36、
题干意为,如果你经常失眠,而且这开始影响你白天的行为,那么你就该去看医生了。注意抓住题干中的关键词frequent sleeplessness和see a doctor。原文I段提到了经常失眠需要去看医生。该段第二句指出,如果失眠状况频繁发生,并影响了日常活动,就需要向医师说明情况了。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选I。
37、
题干意为,像瑜伽这类的放松活动能帮助你摆脱不合时宜的清醒。注意抓住题干中的关键词yoga和untimely alertness。原文D段提到了尝试放松技巧的建议。该段第二句和第三句指出,使用一切你所知道的放松方法来解决这种不合时宜的清醒。试试你最喜欢的舒缓的瑜伽动作。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选D。
38、
题干意为,奥尔森认为,数绵羊和想象法都可以看作是一种注意力转移放松法。注意抓住题干中的关键词counting sheep and visualization。原文E段提到了多种不同的放松方法。该段第四句指出,奥尔森把数绵羊当成是一种“分散注意力技巧”,和想象一样。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选E。
39、
题干意为,如果你在生气,那就会很难入睡。注意抓住题干中的关键词hard和angry。原文A段提到了失眠和生气之间的恶性循环。该段最后一句指出,生气的时候是很难入睡的。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选A。
40、
题干意为,尽量不要首先通过寻求药物来摆脱失眠。注意抓住题干中的关键词medication。原文H段提到用药需谨慎。该段第二句提到,无论是处方药还是非处方药,瓦利亚和奥尔森都不建议把吃药作为缓解失眠的首要选择。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选H。