⏹ rhyme scheme: abcb (2 quatrains) ⏹ images: rose, worm, storm, bed ⏹ While the rose exists as a beautiful natural object that has become infected by a worm, it also exists as a literary rose, the conventional symbol of love. ⏹ Worms are quintessentially earthbound, and symbolize death and decay. (In English culture, worm and snake are the same symbols which lead to ruin and destruction) ⏹ The “bed” denotes both the natural flowerbed and also the lovers’ bed (pun). It indicates death.
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⏹ Line 1: The speaker addresses the rose with phrase "O rose thou art sick"; this is called an apostrophe(呼语). The rose here could be a metaphor for love or passion; our ideas about which are "sick." ⏹ Lines 5-6: The worm manages to worm his way into the rose's bed, which suggests some kind of sexual act. The “crimson joy” of the rose connotes both sexual pleasure and shame, thus joining the two concepts in a way that Blake thought was perverted and unhealthy. The rose’s joyful attitude toward love is tainted(玷污) by the aura of shame and secrecy that our culture attaches to love.
⏹ Lines 7-8: “dark secret love” is jealousy and possessiveness. The worm's "dark secret love" kills the rose; a worm doesn't literally possess any "love," so this is an example of personification.
Summary
⏹ The rose is sick, and the poem implies that love is sick as well. Yet the rose is unaware of its sickness. Of course, an actual rose could not know anything about its own condition, and so the emphasis falls on the allegorical (讽喻的) suggestion that it is love that does not recognize its own ailing (生病的) state. ⏹ This results partly from the insidious (潜在的) secrecy with which the “worm” performs its work of corruption—not only is it invisible, it enters the bed at night.