高中英语作文专题训练

一、英文写作“四步走”

由于时间，高考时一般在15分钟左右必须完成英语作文。高考的英语作文步骤如下：

1）作文动笔之前一般都要先打腹稿。在确立中心上，运用材料上，篇章结构上，充分酝酿。

2）考虑好想写多少句子，该用哪些动词和词组等。

3）边写边思考内容的连贯性，语言和句子的准确性。

4）写完后一定要再细看一遍。

二、作文句式的多变性——恰当使用复杂句型

（一）改变时态

例: The bell is ringing now.(一般)

There goes the bell! (高级)

（二）改变语态

例: People suggest that the conference be put off.(一般) It is suggested that the conference be put off. (高级)

（三）使用不定式

例: He is so kind that he can help me.(一般)

He is so kind as to help me.(高级)

（四）使用过去分词

例: ①She walked out of the lab and many students followed her.(一般)

Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab.(高

级)

②Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.(一般)

Once seen, it can never be forgotten.(高级)

（五）使用V-ing形式

例: ①When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.(一般)

On arriving/his arrival, please give me an e-mail.(高级)

②If the weather permits, I’ll come tomorrow.(一般)

I’ll come tomorrow, weather permitting.(高级)

③You work hard. You will succeed.（一般）

Working hard, you will succeed.（高级）

（六）使用名词性从句

例: ①It disappointed everybody that he didn’t turn up.(一般) The fact that he didn’t turn up disappointed everybody.(高

级)

②I happened to have met him.(一般)

It happened that I had met him.(高级)

③To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.(一般)

What surprises him is that the little girl knows so manythings.(高级)

（七）使用定语从句

例:The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written. (一般)

The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of. (高级)

（八）使用状语从句

例: ①I won’t believe what he says.(一般)

No matter what he says, I won’t believe. (高级)

②If you come back before six o’clock, you can go out.(一般)

You can go out on condition that (provided that) you come back before

Six o’clock. (高级)

③If she doesn’t agree, what shall we do?(一般)

Supp osing that she doesn’t agree, what shall we do?(高级) （九）使用虚拟语气

（1）虚拟语气中if

如果我是你，我昨天就不会开这么快的车

（十）倒装句

（1）only+状语置于句首

只有通过这种方法，你才能学好英语

（2）否定词置于句首

我从来没有看过这么精彩的电影

（3）地点副词置于句首

（十一）强调句型

It is ……that (who)…

是杨梅所做的事情给了我莫大的鼓励

三、巧妙的改写

（1）．Only 改成no one but

Only Tom passed the exam last week. → No one but Tom passed the exam.

（2）．have sb/sth do/done

The girl was knocked off her bicycle and had her leg broken

The girl was knocked off her bicycle and her leg was broken. （3）．变换插入语的位置① However, they suggest fees should be charged low. →

They suggest, however, fees should be charged low.

② I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing

talent, and how well you’ve learned Chinese. →

This is a good chance for you, I think, to show your singing

talent, and how well you’ve learned Chinese.

(4). 用同位语代替非性定语从句

Meimei, who is seven years old, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days.→

Meimei, a girl of thirteen, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days.

四、英语作文中常见的典型语法错误

语言是评判作文的一个极其重要的因素。在实际的阅卷过程中，语法错误，尤其是较为严重的错误，是阅卷人员的主要“照顾点”，有时甚至是惟一的点;当然那样处理是有道理的，大家可以设想一下，一篇语法上漏洞百出、严重影响表达的作文又会有什么样的好内容呢?

语言是评判作文的一个极其重要的因素。在实际的阅卷过程中，语法错误，尤其是较为严重的错误，是阅卷人员的主要“照顾点”，有时甚至是惟一的点;当然那样处理是有道理的，大家可以设想一下，一篇语法上漏洞百出、严重影响表达的作文又会有什么样的好内容呢?如果因为语言上的错误而导致失分，那将得不偿失。因此，认清各种各样的语法错误，尽可能地避免少犯，对于提高作文分是有极大的帮助的。现将我们在阅卷过程中所发现的大量语言错误逐一归类，抽出其中的典型错误，以警示大家，供参考。

1.句子成分残缺不全

We always working till late at night before taking exams。(误) We are always working /We always work till late at night before taking exams(正)

We should read books may be useful to us. (误)

We should read books which may be useful to us. (正)

2.句子成分多余

This test is end, but there is another test is waiting for you. (误) One test ends, but another is waiting for you. (正)

The driver of the red car was died on the spot. (误)

The driver of the red car died on the spot. (正)

3.主谓不一致

My sister go to the cinema at least once a week. (误)

My sister goes to the cinema at least once a week. (正)

4.动词时态、语态的误用

I was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars onthe street. (误)

I was walking along the road and there were not so many vehicles on the street. (正)

We have little time to read some books which we interest. (误) We have little time to read some books in which we are interested. (正)

I am a student who has studying in the college for two years. (误)

I have been studying in the college for two years(正)

5.词类混淆

It is my point that reading must be selectively. (误)

In my opinion, reading must be selective. (正)

Honest is so important for everyperson. (误)

Honesty is so important for everyone. (正)

The old man was hit by a car when he across the street. (误)

The old man was hit by a car when he was crossing the street. (正)

误：It hit the old man down but the driver, a woman, didn’t stop her car. Finding she had caused an accident, the woman sped her car to flee away. The old man and I saw the car’s number. It’s AC8. The old man couldn’t move , I decided to help him.

正：It hit the old man down but the drive r, who was a woman, didn’t stop her car. Finding she had caused an accident, the woman sped her car to flee away. Fortunately, I saw the car’s number. It’s AC8. Noticing the old man couldn’t move, I decided to help him.

6.画蛇添足、过多的长句使句子复杂化（语言不简洁）

修改前：A famous sportsman was giving a speech which was rather interesting.

修改后：A famous sportsman was giving an interesting speech.

修改前: Nowadays, some people are still cutting down trees without permission. The air pollution is becoming more and more serious

wh ich is caused by buses and cars. What’s more, so many rivers are polluted by dirty water which is from factory. In addition, sandstorm struck us now and then, from which we suffered a lot.

修改后: Nowadays, some people are still cutting down trees without permission. As a result, people have to suffer sandstorms now and then. What’s more, as buses and cars give off a lot of poisonous gases, the air is getting dirtier and dirtier. Moreover, there are many rivers polluted by dirty water from factories. The situation is becoming more and more serious.修改前：As soon as came in, we heard some voice made by instruments. There were some students playing piano violin and so on .

修改后：As soon as we came in, we heard a piece of beautiful music played by the students by different instruments, such as, piano, violin and so on.

7.过于简单的句子使文章缺少逻辑性、可读性。

修改前：Yesterday, there was a policeman in the street. He stopped a car. The car was at the corner. It looked like a Honda. There was a boy on the sidewalk. He was riding his bicycle. The bicycle was a

two-wheeler. The car nearly knocked down the boy.

修改后：Yesterday, a policeman stopped a car—Honda at the corner of the street, because it nearly knocked down a boy who was riding a two-wheel bicycle on the sidewalk.

修改前：Suddenly, a car run quickly from the third street and turned to the west. The car didn’t stop and hit the old man. The driver didn’t stop and have a look. The car ran away quickly. The car was yellow and the driver was a woman.

修改后：Suddenly, a car turned west from the 3rd Street to the Park Road. It hit the old man, but it didn’t stop and ran away quickly. I noticed the car was yellow and the driver was a woman.

五、作文常用句式

（一）段首句

1．关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……

There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.

2．俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。

There is an old saying______. Its the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.

3．现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。

Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____Second, ____. What makes things worse is that______.

4．任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。

Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.5．关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，…… People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them, _____.

6．人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。

Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.

7．……已成为人们的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。

______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.

8．……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.

9．根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢？

According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ while. Obviously，______，but why?

10. As far as ...is concerned

11. It goes without saying that...

12. It can be said with certainty that...

13. As the proverb says，

14. It`s generally recognized that...

15. It`s likely that ...

16. What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是

17. There’s no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认

18. Nothing is more important than the fact that...

19. what’s far more important is that...

（二）中间段落句

1. 相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。

On the contrary，there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time，they say____.

2. 但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。

But I don’t think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example，____.Worst of all，___.

3.……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是……

______is necessary and important to our country’s d evelopment and construction. First，______.What’s more, _____.Most important of all,______.

4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。

There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can______

5. 面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面，

Confronted with______，we should take a series of effective measures to______. For one thing，______For another，______

6. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。

It is high time that something was done about it. For example, _____.In addition, _____. All these measures will certainly______.

7. 为什么……？第一个原因是……；第二个原因是……；第三个原因是……。总的来说，……的主要原因是由于……

Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.

8. 然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。

However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as ______.

9. 尽管如此，我相信……更有利。

Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous.

10. 完全同意……这种观点（陈述），主要理由如下：

I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.

(三)结尾段句型

I will conclude by saying...

Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...

All things considered,总而言之

It may be safely said that...

Therefore, in my opinion, it’s more advisable...

From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….

The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….

It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论

From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来……也许更好(四)衔接句型

As stated in the previous paragraph如前段所述

But the problem is not so simple. Therefore然而问题并非如此简单，所以……

But it’s a pity that...

Further, we hold opinion that...

However , the difficulty lies in...

Similarly, we should pay attention to...

not(that)...but(that)...不是，而是

In view of the present situation.鉴于目前形势

As has been mentioned above...

In this respect, we may as well (say)从这个角度上我们可以说However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is...然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面，即……

(五)举例句型

Let’s take...to illustrate this.试举例以兹证明

L et’s take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.

Here is one more example.

Take … for example.

This offers a typical instance of….

We may quote a common example of….

Just think of….

（六）常用于引言段的句型

1. Some people think that …. To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below.

2. Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides.

3. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.

4. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that …. I believe….

5. My argument for this view goes as follows.

6. It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….

7. There is a long-running debate as to whether….

（七）表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法

1. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.

2. A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.

3. A and B differ in….

4. A differs from B in….

5. The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in….

6. Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B….

7. The most striking difference is that A…, while B….

8. Both A and B …. However, A…; on the other hand, B….

9. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.

（八）演绎法常用的句型

1．There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.

2．There are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones.

3．Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.

4．Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.

5．The reasons are as follows.

（九）因果推理法常用句型

1. Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot.

2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot.3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, we’ve learned a lot.

4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, we’ve learned a lot.

5. The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.

6. Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.

7. The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight.

8. Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight.

典例分析

本部分在编写教案时，要注意结合中、高考的高频题，比较典型的中、高考例题关联词

on my way to…/home

on the east side of the river

in the northeast of China

to the west of the city

by the side of the road

请按提示写一篇日记。字数：100左右。时间：12月7日（星期一）；天气：晴

晚饭后你去看电影，路上碰见了美国朋友Ford先生，他迷了路。你决定放弃看电影的机会，把Ford先生送回旅馆。路上你用英语向他谈了你自己的英语学习情况，还问了他一些语法问题。Ford先生仔细队打了你的提问，并就如何学好英语提了一些很好的建议。你虽然错过了电影，但你很高兴。你不仅帮助Ford先生解决了困难，而且训练了自己的口语。

December 7 Monday Fine

I went out to see a film after supper. On my way to the cinema I met an American friend Mr Ford, who had lost his way. I immediately decided to give up the chance to see the film and take Mr Ford to his hotel. On the way I told him something about my English study and asked him some questions on grammar.

Mr Ford answered my questions patiently and gave me some useful advice on how to learn English well. I not only helped Mr Ford get out of trouble, but also practised my spoken English. I felt very happy indeed.

堂上训练

通过前面的学习，学生应该对本节课的重难点有所掌握，在本部分的试题，可以与前面有重复的题型，也可以是前面题型的变式训练

（一）、翻译练习：

1. 正是他35年前送给我的那些书使我成了教师。

2. 黄昏时，我碰巧在回家的路上遇到她。

3. 他说他将于第二周到达。

4. 我在电话里已经和他交谈过，但实际上我从来没有见过他。

5. 整日呆在家里做作业，一点趣儿都没有。

6. 我在为这次长途旅行整理行装。

7. 她专心听着，把他说的话一字不漏的记下来。

8. 他充分利用他在那儿的时间学习英语。

9. 目前妇女在科学领域发挥着重要的作用。

10. 这个城镇变化太大了，你会认不出来它的。

11. 对于这个问题你有什么看法吗？

12. 这个机构对开始经营自己生意的人提供切实可行的指导。

13. 信不信由你，尽管她满身缺点，我仍然喜欢她。

14. 这是我们第一次在中国过圣诞。

15. 结婚前他们相爱了十年。

参考：

1. It was those books he gave me thirty-five years ago that made me become a teacher.

2. I happened to see her on my way home at dusk.

It happened that I saw her on my way home at dusk.

3. He said that he would arrive the next week.4. I’ve talked to him on the telephone but I’ve never actually met him face to face.

5. It is no pleasure staying at home doing homework all day.

6. I am packing my things up for the long journey.

7. She listened carefully and set down every word he said.

8. He made good/full use of his time there to learn English.

9. At present, women are playing an important part in science.

10. The town has changed so much that you wouldn’t recognize it.

11. Do you have any thoughts on this problem?

12. The agency offers practical guidance to people starting their own businesses.

13. Believe it or not. I’m fond of her although she has shortcomin gs of all kinds.

14. It is the first time we have celebrated Christmas in China.

15. They had been in love for 10 yars before getting married.

（二）、作文练习

请根据下面的提示和要求写一篇说理文。

提示：

(1) 英语是世界上使用最广泛的语言之一。讲英语的人近三亿。

(2) 英语是国际会议中使用得最多的工作语言。世界上有百分之六十的电台和百分之七

十的邮件（mail)用英语。数以百万计的书籍和杂志是用英语写的。

(3) 借助英语可以更快、更好地学习现代科学和技术。学好英语，我们可以更好地为祖

国服务。

要求：(1) 题目：我们为什么学习英语？

(2) 字数：120左右。

强化拓展

这部分的试题编写要有一定的层次，特别是要针对学生的层次来编写，强调个性化教学。可以发散式思维。

1. 在老师的帮助下，我被一所大学录取了。

2. 你知道宇宙是什么时候形成的吗？

3. 最重要的是，别忘了把你们的意见寄来。

4. 你能就音乐欣赏给我们提些建议吗？

5. 他喜欢表演并享受随之而来的祝贺。

6. 他看上去很面熟，但我记不起他的名字了。

7. 你准备用现金支付还是用支票支付？

8. 必须制定法律来惩罚那些危害野生生物的人。

9. 骑骆驼在沙漠中旅行是令人难忘的经历。

10. 如果人们在不行动起来，采取有效措施保护野生动物的话，愈来愈多的野生动物将会灭绝。

参考：

1. With the help of my teacher, I was admitted to university.

2. Do you know when the universe first came into being？

3. And above all, remember to send us your comments.

4. Could you give us some advice on how to enjoy music.

5. He enjoys performance and the congratulations afterwards.

6. He looks very familiar but I can’t remember his name.

7. Do you plan to pay in cash or by cheque?

8. Laws must be passed to punish those who do harm to wildlife.

9. Traveling in the desert by camel is really an unforgettable experience.

10. If people don’t take action and adopt effective measures to protect wild animals, an increasing number of them will die out.