
一、教学内容:
简单句和并列句。
二、教学难点:
1、句子成分和句式
2、并列连词的使用。
三、具体内容:
初中所学的句型一般要分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
陈述句中有肯定句与否定句之分。
(一)句子成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接,间接)宾补、定语和状语。
主语和谓语是句子主体部分(一般句子必须有主谓),表语、宾语和宾补是谓语里的组成部分。定语和状语是句子的次要成分。
1、主语:
We study in No.1 Middle School.
The classroom is very clean.
To teach them English is my job.
2、谓语:主要用动词,主谓要一致,谓语在主语后面。
His parents are doctors.
We study hard.
We have finished reading the book.
He can speak English.
3、表语:说明主语是什么或怎么样,由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词的形容词或短语来担任。
You look younger than before.
I am a teacher.
Everybody is here.
My job is to teach them English.
They are at home now.
4、宾语:动作的承受者。
He has a pen.
They give me a book.
5、宾补:补充说明宾语的成分。
He made me happy.
I asked him not to play in the street.
6、定语:补充说明一个名词
He made a paper flower.
She is a woman teacher.
7、状语:在句中表示时间、地点、原因、方式等
He lives in Shanghai.
Mary went there yesterday.
(二)其中句子可以分为以下五种:
① 主语+不及物动词。如:I arrived at six last night.
② 主语+及物动词+宾语,如:I bought a good English Chinese Dictionary yesterday.
③ 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语,如:Please tell me a story before I go to bed. 这样可加双宾语的句子有buy, tell, give, ask, pass, teach.
④ 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语,如:I found it impossible to do it. Please keep the classroom clean and tidy.
⑤ 主语+系动词+表语,如:Tom is an American boy. The grass turned green in spring.
在初中常见的句型中有There be…句型,表示存在某种事物,如:There is a map on the wall 其be动词的形式要与其后面相近的那个名词相一致。
要注意的是这种句型加入助动词后,也要保持be动词,不要换用have,如:There is going to be a meeting tomorrow.
(三)在句子结构中要注意主谓一致的问题,即句子的主语与谓语动词要相呼应。要注意的有如下几点:
① 用and连接两个主语时一般应视为复数,但如一人身兼两职时则要用单数谓语动词形式,如:A singer and dancer is coming to our party. a singer and dancer 既歌唱又跳舞的演员。而 a singer and a dancer 则要译为:一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。
② 有些以 s 结尾的名词谓语动词要用单数,如: The news is good (news 为不可数名词)。③ 有量词时应按量词的数量计算;如: This pair of glasses is good. My glasses are broken.
④ 有些形单却意为复数的名词,如: People are coming here. 这样的词还有 police, 如果要讲一个时,应讲 a policeman。 两个为 two policemen。 又如 a policewoman, two policewomen
⑤ 所有不定代词 each, either, neither, one, the other, nobody, nothing, anyone, anything, someone, something … 要作为单数如:Someone is waiting for you.
(四)在并列句中表示联合关系的连词有:and, not only … but also, neither … nor. either … or 如: My sister and my parents are going to the cinema。
表示转折关系的并列连词有:but 和 yet,
如:She is a good student, but she didn’t pass the final exam.
又如: I think the news is strange, yet it is true.
表示选择关系的连词有:or, either … or,
如:Hurry up, or you will be late for school.
表示因果关系的并列连词有:for, so
如:They studied very hard, so they all passed the exam.
【典型例题】
1. There ___ a pencil box on the desk.
A .is B. are C. has D. have
2. Could you tell me ___ ?
A. Mrs King where lives B. where does Mrs King live
C. where Mrs King lives D. Mrs King lives where
3. Your brother came to see you, ___ ?
A. does he B. doesn’t he C. did he D. didn’t he
4. It’s getting cloudy, ___ ?
A. does it B. doesn’t it C. is it D. isn’t it
5. ___ keep me waiting so long.
A. Not B. Won’t C. Don’t D. Not to
6. Mr Green hasn’t been to Beijing, ___ ?
A. has he B. hasn’t he C. did he D. didn’t he
7. You have your lunch at school, ___ ?
A. have you B. haven’t you C. do you D. don’t you
8. ___ sunny day! Let’s go out for a walk.
A. How a B. How C. What a D. What
9. — Can you tell me ___ ? — Sure. She’s a nurse.
A. where is your sister B. where your sister is
C. what is your sister D. what your sister is
10. John likes listening to the radio, ___ ?
A. does he B. doesn’t he C. doesn’t John D. does John
11. Neither you nor I ___ on the team.
A. are B. were C. am D. is
12. ___ delicious food! I’d like some more.
A. What a B. How a C. What D. How
13. ___ there a cat under the chair?
A. Are B. Is C. Has D. Have
14. Could you tell me ___ ?
A. when the train will arrive B. when the train arrived
C. when did the train arrive D. when does the train arrives
15. — ___ bad weather!
— Yes, but it’s going to be fine soon, I think.
A. How B. What a C. What an D. What
16. — Could you tell me ___ ?
— Yes, they ___ to the library
A. where are the twins, have been
B. where were the twins, have been
C. where the twins are, have gone
D. where the twins were, have gone
17. Go and ___ the TV quickly, the volleyball match will begin right away.
A. turn off B. turn down C. turn up D. turn on
18. Let’s go for some tea, ___ ?
A. shall we B. will we C. do we D. don’t we
19. Joan’s short, ___ ?
A. wasn’t she B. hasn’t she C. isn’t she D. doesn’t she
20. I don’t know ___ to read the word.
A. which B. what C. whose D. how
21. He didn’t go to school, ___ he was ill.
A. for B. but C. and D. so
22. The young woman can hardly ride a bike, ___ she?
A. doesn’t B. does C. can’t D. can
23. Tom never goes to the cinema on Sundays, ___ ?
A. does he B. doesn’t he C. isn’t he D. is he
24. Mother said to him, “Don’t ___ on football.”
A. spend too much time B. to spend too much time
C. spend too many time D. to spend too many time
25. Mr White, together with some Japanese friends, ___ visit our school this afternoon.
A. are going to B. is going to C. have D. has
26. There is little water in the glass, ___ ?
A. is it B. is there C. isn’t it D. isn’t there
27. Ampere was thinking about a maths problem, ___ ?
A. didn’t he B. wasn’t he C. did he D. is he
28. She had a good time yesterday, ___ she ?
A. wasn’t B. didn’t C. hasn’t D. isn’t
29. We’ll make ___ for you in the front of the car.
A. a room B. room C. rooms D. some rooms
30. Neither she nor I ___ to the Great wall before.
A. has gone B. have gone C. have been D. has been
写出下列句子结构:
1. I am a student.
2. The picture is beautiful.
3. He has left.
4. They are working.
5. I have a pen.
6. We can help each other.
7. We reached the Great Wall.
8. I gave him a book.
9. My parents will buy me a birthday gift.
10. They brought me a pen.
11. He made us interested in his lesson.
12. I saw her watching TV.
【模拟试题】(答题时间:30分钟)
( ) 1. —What did your son say in the letter?
—He told me that he _______ the Disney World the next day.
A. will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit
( ) 2. — ______ room is this? — It’s a friend of mine.
A. What B. Who C. Who’s D. Whose
( ) 3. — ______ tea did you have? — Two cups.
A. How many B. How much C. What D. Which
( ) 4. ______ does it take you to get to your school?
A. How far B. How often C. How much D. How long
( ) 5. — ______? -I’ve got a headache and a cough.
A. What’s your trouble B. What’s wrong with it
C. Can I help you D. How are you
( ) 6. ______ it took you to finish the work!
A. What much time B. What a lot of time
C. How long time D. How lots of time
( ) 7. ______ the population of China?
A. How many B. How much C. How’s D. What’s
( ) 8. Please don’t stand up in class until you _______.
A. were told to B. are told to C. were told D. are told
( ) 9. He’s worked there since the shop opened in 1998, ______?
A. isn’t he B. hasn’t he C. doesn’t he D. wasn’t he
( ) 10. The old man can hardly see anything, _______ he?
A. doesn’t B. does C. can’t D. can
( ) 11. —_______ a year does your school have sports meetings? —Twice a year.
A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. How many times
( ) 12. The teacher asked the new student _______ class he was in.
A. which B. where C. how D. that
( ) 13. You must remember _______.
A.what your teacher said
B. what did your teacher say
C. your teacher said what
D. what has your teacher said
( ) 14. It will be a long time _______ he _______ back from Berlin.
A. when; will come B. before; comes
C. after; is coming D. since; comes
( ) 15. –Are you sure that you’ve met him before?— ______ I’m mistaken.
A. If B. Since C. Unless D. More than
( ) 16. Does it matter _______ it rains tomorrow?
A. that B. whether C. if D. as
( ) 17. –Would you like to come to dinner tonight? —I’d like to, ______ I’m too busy.
A. and B. so C. as D. but
( ) 18. –How long has this bookshop been in business? — _______ 1994.
A. After B. In C. From D. Since
( ) 19. –Do you remember _______ he came? — Yes, I do. He came by car.
A. how B. when C. that D. if
( ) 20. Be sure to write to us, _______?
A. will you B. aren’t you C. can you D. mustn’t you
【试题答案】
1—5 DDBDA 6—10 BDBBD 11—15 AAABC 16—20
