
看句子,寻规律
If I were you, I would not go.
我要是你,我就不会去。
If I were in school again, I would work harder.
如果我能再上一次学,我会更加努力。
You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.
假如你当时听了我的话,你现在就会好多了。
虚拟语气 是什么?
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
判断依据:与事实相反或不大可能会发生
一、If引导的虚拟语气
辨别:if 引导真实条件句和if引导的虚拟条件句的区别
If he has time, he will go with us.
If he had time, he would go with us.
怎么用?
1、表示与现在事实相反的情况:
从句:If+主语+过去时(Be动词用were)
主句:主语+ should/would/might/could+动词原形
If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.
如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。(事实:地球上既有空气也有水)
2、表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句:If+主语+had + done
主句:主语+should/would/might/could + have done
If I had got there earlier, I should/would have met her.
如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。
(事实:去晚了)
3、表示对将来情况的主观推测
从句:①if+主语+were to do
②if+主语+should + do
③if+主语+过去式(be动词用were)
主句:主语+should/would/might/could + do
If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.
如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末。
(事实:来的可能性很小,不可能)
用法规律总结:
从句都往过去推一个时态,如:与现在相反的if从句就用过去时;与过去相反用过去完成时(即过去的过去)
与现在和将来相反时,主句的时态是一致的,从句有一种情况也是一致的。
表格
| if条件句中的谓与动词 | 主句的谓与动词 | |
| 与现在的事实相反 | 1. 行为动词用did 形式 2. be动词用were | Should/would/could/ might + 动词原形 |
| 与过去的事实相反 | had + done | Should/would/could/ might + have done |
| 与将来的事实相反 | 1. 行为动词用did 2. should + 动词原形 3. were to + 动词原形 | Should/would/could/ might + 动词原形
|
混合时间的虚拟语气
如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生,主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。
1. If I had received the passport yesterday, I would start today.
2. If he had telephoned me last night, I would see him now.
3. If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be all right now.
4. If China had not been liberated, the working people would still be leading a miserable life.
5. If he had listened to me, he ______ be in such trouble now.
A. haven’t B. would not
C. had not D. would haven’t
省略if,构成倒装:
当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时,if可以省略,这时条件从句要用倒装语序,即把were,should,had等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语。
Were she here, she would agree with us.
如果她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的。
Had you invited us, we would have come to your party.
Were I you, I would do more practice after class.
小试牛刀
1. You did not let me drive. If we ____ in turn, you ____ so tired.
A. Drove; didn’t get
B. Drove; wouldn’t get
C. were driving; wouldn’t get
D. had driven; wouldn’t have got
2. ____ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the sports meet.
A. Would B. Should C. Were D. Will
3. If they ____ us, we would not come here now.
A. had informed B. informed
C. informs D. have informed
4. _________ he would have succeeded in the examination.
A. Had he worked hard
B. If he worked hard
C. If he works hard
D. If he has worked hard
5. _______ it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
A. Should B. Be C. Were D. Will
二、wish 虚拟语气
wish后面的宾语从句的谓语动词应使用虚拟语气,表示“可惜…;….就好了;悔不该…;但愿…”。 (同as if 的用法)
| wish | 时态 | 谓语动词的形式 |
| 现在时(与wish同时发生) | 过去时(were) | |
| 过去时(在wish之前发生) | 动词用had done | |
| 将来时(在wish之后发生) | would /should do |
1. I wish I knew the key to the answer.
2. I wish I were ten years younger.
3. I wish that I had gone to the football match last week.
4. I wish I _______ you yesterday.
A. saw B. did see C. had seen D. were to see
5. I wish that the rain ______ stop.
A. will B. would C may D. can
三、情态动词+虚拟语气
should/ could / might/ ought to + have done 表示“过去本应该/可以做而实际上却没做”
should/ could / might not + have done 表示“过去本不应该/可以做而实际上做了”
ought not to + have done 表示“过去本不应该做而实际上做了”
needn’t have done 表示“过去没必要作而实际上做了”
1. Wang Fang _______ college last year. Unfortunately, he couldn’t take the examinations because of a sudden illness.
A. could go B did go
C. could have gone D. must have gone
2. The plant is dead. I _______ it more water.
A. will give B. would have gone
C. must give D. should have gone
3. I could have done better if I ________ more time.
A. have had B. had
C. had had D. will have had
4. He ______ told you that.
A. needs not have B. needn’t have
C. needn’t has D. will have had
5. You ________ it to your father. Why not?
A. would tell B. should tell
C. would have told D. should have told
6. Even if you had not been able to come last week, you ______ us know.
A. shall have let B. had let
C. have had let D. should have let
三、表示命令或建议
表示命令或建议动词suggest, insist, propose, desire, demand, request, order, command 后的宾语从句中应使用虚拟 should +动词原形,should可省略。
1. The teacher insisted that every student _______ every other line.
A. writes B. write C. would write D. wrote
2. Jack’s father insists ______ in this hotel.
A. not staying B not to stay
C. that he not stay D. staying not
3. They insisted that you _______ them a quick answer.
A. should give B. gave
C. must give D. would give
4. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _______ the rules.
A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey
特殊情况:
1)suggest 表建议时,从句用should + do,表“说明、暗示”时, 从句用过去时或过去完成时。
1. The doctor suggested that I should take the medicine three times a day.
2. The doctor suggested that my grandmother had caught a bad cold.
3. The expression on her face suggests that she knew the secret.
4. I suggested a meeting _______ to discuss the matter.
A. will be held B. would be held
C. should hold D. be held
5. His silence at the meeting suggested that he ________ to your plan.
A. didn’t agree B. hadn’t agreed
C. wouldn’t agree D. shouldn’t agree
2)insist 表示“坚持要去做……,坚持应该去做”,从句用should + do,表示
“坚持表明,坚持说/解释”, 从句用过去时或过去完成时。
1. She insisted that she ______ ill of him behind him, but he didn’t believe.
A. hadn’t spoken B. shouldn’t speak
C. wouldn’t speak D. not speak
2. He insisted that we ______ the boy to hospital.
A. take B. took C. would take D. will take
3. He insisted that he _______ our car.
A. should steal B. would steal
C. hadn’t stolen D. steal
虚拟语气也用于表语从句和主语从句中,表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等,主句的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea 等。表语从句中的谓语动词是should +动词原型,should 可以省略。
1. His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the question again.
2. My advice is that we should start at five tomorrow morning.
3. The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students _______ two weeks to prepare for the exam.
A. give B. should give
C. be given D. would be given
4. Their demand is that their wages ______ increased by 20%.
A. be B. should C. will be D. must be
5. It is suggested that the meeting ______ place at 8 o’clock.
A. be taken B. take
C. would take D. should be taken
四、It is + adj +that 从句
在主语从句中,当从句用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜等,从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气形式。其谓语动词时should + 动词原型, 或should 省略。
如:it is necessaryt/natural/strange/surprising/impossible/a great pity that…
1. It is really surprising that the girl _______ so early.
A. has married B. had married
C. marry D. will marry
2.It is necessary that you ______ present at the discussion.
A. will be B. are
C. should be D. be
3. He has been studying so hard. It is natural that he ______ tomorrow exam.
A. passed B. have passed
C. will be D should pass
【模拟试题】
1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _________ much easier.
A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be
2. If I _____ you, I’d join the army.
A. am B. was C. were D. would be
3. If he _______ tomorrow, he would find Mr Wang in the office.
A. comes B. will come C. should come D. come
4. If it _______ next week , the crops would be saved.
A. rains B. will rains C. would rain D. should rain
5. If I _______ it, I would do it in a different way.
A. were to do B. do C. had done D. was to do
6. Supposing the weather ________ bad, where would you go ?
A. is B. will be C. were D. be
7. If he had worked harder, he _________.
A. would succeed B. had succeeded
C. should succeed D. would have succeeded
8. If he ______ it, he _______ it.
A. had seen; could have believed B. saw; couldn’t believe
C. saw; couldn’t have believed D. has seen; had believed
9. ______ it ______ for your help, I couldn’t have made any progress.
A. Had; not been B. Should; not been
C. Did; not been D. Not; been
10. _______ today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would have left B. Was he leaving
C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves
11. It is ordered that a new bridge ______ over the wide river.
A. should be built B. would built
C. will be built D. built
