大学英语六级真题2018年06月-(1)

Part Ⅰ Writing

1、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between employers and employees. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150words

but no more than 200 words.

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

Section A

Directions:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

2、A. She is the owner of a special cafeacute.

B. She sells a special kind of coffee.

C. She advocates animal protection.

D. She is going to start a cafeacute chain.

3、 A. They help take care of customers' pets.

B. They are a profitable business sector.

C. They cater to different customers.

D. They bear a lot of similarities.

4、 A. By selecting breeds that are tame and peaceful.

B. By giving them regular cleaning and injections.

C. By placing them at a safe distance from customers.

D. By briefing customers on how to get along with them.

5、 A. They give her cafeacute favorite reviews.

B. They like to bring in their children.

C. They love the animals in her cafeacute.

D. They want to learn about rabbits.

6、 A. It can cause obesity.

B. It is mostly garbage.

C. It contains too many additives.

D. It lacks the essential vitamins.

7、 A. TV commercials.

B. Its fancy design.

C. Its taste and texture.

D. Peer influence.

8、 A. Offering children more varieties to choose from.

B. Trying to trick children into buying their products.

C. Marketing their products with ordinary ingredients.

D. Investing heavily in the production of sweet foods.

9、 A. They favored chocolate-coated sweets.

B. They like the food advertised on TV.

C. They hardly ate vegetables.

D. They seldom had junk food.Section B

Directions:In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

10、 A. Tombs of ancient rulers.

B. Typical Egyptian animal farms.

C. Ruins left by devastating floods.

D. Stretches of farmland.

11、 A. It provides habitats for more primitive tribes.

B. It is hardly associated with great civilizations.

C. It gathers water from many tropical rain forests.

D. It has not yet been fully explored and exploited.

12、 A. It has numerous human settlements along its banks.

B. It is as long as the Nile and the Yangtze combined.

C. It is second only to the Mississippi River in width.

D. It carries about one fifth of the world's fresh water.

13、 A. All of us actually yearn for a slow and calm life.

B. The search for tranquility has become a trend.

C. We are always in a rush to do various things.

D. Living a life in the fast lane leads to success.

14、 A. She enjoyed the various social events.

B. She was accustomed to tight schedules.

C. She had trouble balancing family and work.

D. She spent all her leisure time writing books.

15、 A. The fatigue from living a fast-paced life.

B. Becoming aware of her declining health.

C. Reading a book about slowing down.

D. The possibility of ruining her family.

16、 A. She came to enjoy doing everyday tasks.

B. She started to follow the cultural norms.

C. She learned to use more polite expressions.

D. She stopped using to-do lists and calendars.

Section C

Directions:In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

17、 A. They will root out native species altogether.

B. They will crossbreed with native species.

C. They pose a threat to the local ecosystem.

D. They contribute to a region's biodiversity.

18、 A. Their distinctions are artificial.

B. Their definitions are changeable.

C. Their interactions are hard to define.

D. Their classifications are meaningful.

19、 A. Only 10 percent of them can be naturalized.

B. Few of them can survive in their new habitats.

C. They may turn out to benefit the local environment.D. Only a few of them cause problems to native species.

20、 A. Adopt the right business strategies.

B. Attend their business seminars.

C. Respect their traditional culture.

D. Research their specific demands.

21、 A. Clicking your fingers loudly in their presence.

B. Drinking alcohol on certain days of a month.

C. Giving them gifts of great value.

D. Showing them your palm.

22、 A. They have a break from 2:00 to 5:30 p.m.

B. They have a strong sense of worth.

C. They tend to be friendly and enthusiastic.

D. They are very easy to satisfy.

23、 A. He had the company's boardroom extensively renovated.

B. He completely changed the company's culture.

C. He took over the sales department of Reader's Digest.

D. He collected paintings by world-famous artists.

24、 A. Its articles should entertain blue- and pink-collar workers.

B. It should be published in the world's leading languages.

C. It should be sold at a reasonable price.

D. Its articles should be short and inspiring.

25、 A. He served as a church minister for many years.

B. He knew how to make the magazine profitable.

C. He treated the employees like members of his family.

D. He suffered many setbacks and misfortunes in his life.

26、 A. It carried many more advertisements.

B. Its subscriptions increased considerably.

C. George Grune joined it as an ad salesman.

D. Several hundred of its employees got fired.

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Did Sarah Josepha Hale write "Mary's Little Lamb," the eternal nursery rhyme (儿歌) about a girl named Mary with a stubborn lamb? This is still disputed, but it's clear that the woman 27 for writing it was one of America's most

fascinating 28 . In honor of the poem's publication on May 24, 1830, here's more about the 29 author's life.

Hale wasn't just a writer, she was also a 30 social advocate, and

she was particularly 31 with an ideal New England, which she associated with abundant Thanksgiving meals that she claimed had "a deep moral influence." She began a nationwide 32 to have a national holiday declaredthat would bring families together while celebrating the 33 festivals. In 1863, after 17 years of advocacy including letters to five presidents, Hale got it. President Abraham Lincoln, during the Civil War, issued

a 34 setting aside the last Thursday in November for the holiday.

The true authorship of "Mary's Little Lamb" is disputed. According to the New England Historical Society, Hale wrote only part of the poem, but claimed authorship. Regardless of the author, it seems that the poem

was 35 by a real event. When young Mary Sawyer was followed to school by a lamb in 1816, it caused some problems. A bystander named John Roulstone wrote a poem about the event, then, at some point, Hale herself seems to have helped write it. However, if a 1916 piece by her great-niece is to be trusted, Hale claimed for the 36 of her life that "some other people pretended that someone else wrote the poem".

A. campaign

B. career

C. characters

D. features

E. fierce

F. inspired

G. latter

H. obsessed

I. proclamation

J. rectified

K. reputed

L. rest

M. supposed

N. traditional

O. versatile

Section B

Directions:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Grow Plants Without Water

A. Ever since humanity began to farm our own food, we've faced the unpredictable rain that is both friend and enemy. It comes and goes without much warning, and a field of lush (茂盛的) leafy greens one year can dry up and blow away the next. Food security and fortunes depend on sufficient rain, and nowhere more so than in Africa, where 96% of farmland depends on rain instead of the irrigation common in more developed places. It has consequences: South Africa's ongoing drought—the worst in three decades—will cost at least a quarter of its corn crop this year.

B. Biologist Jill Farrant of the University of Cape Town in South Africa says that nature has plenty of answers for people who want to grow crops in places with unpredictable rainfall. She is hard at work finding a way to take traits from rare wild plants that adapt to extreme dry weather and use them in food crops. As the earth's climate changes and rainfall becomes even less predictable in some places, those answers will grow even more valuable. "The type of farming I'm aiming for is literally so that people can survive as it's going to get more and more dry," Farrant says.C. Extreme conditions produce extremely tough plants. In the rusty red deserts of South Africa, steep-sided rocky hills called inselbergs rear up from the plains like the bones of the earth. The hills are remnants of an earlier geological era, scraped bare of most soil and exposed to the elements. Yet on these and similar formations in deserts around the world, a few fierce plants have adapted to endure under ever-changing conditions.

D. Farrant calls them resurrection plants (复苏植物). During months without water under a harsh sun, they wither, shrink and contract until they look like a pile of dead gray leaves. But rainfall can revive them in a matter of hours. Her time-lapse (间歇性拍摄的) videos of the revivals look like someone playing a tape of the plant's death in reverse.

E. The big difference between "drought-tolerant" plants and these tough plants: metabolism. Many different kinds of plants have developed tactics to weather dry spells. Some plants store reserves of water to see them through a drought; others send roots deep down to subsurface water supplies. But once these plants use up their stored reserve or tap out the underground supply, they cease growing and start to die. They may be able to handle a drought of some length, and many people use the term "drought tolerant" to describe such plants, but they never actually stop needing to consume water, so Farrant prefers to call them drought resistant.

F. Resurrection plants, defined as those capable of recovering from holding less than 0.1 grams of water per gram of dry mass, are different. They lack water-storing structures, and their existence on rock faces prevents them from tapping groundwater, so they have instead developed the ability to change their metabolism. When they detect an extended dry period, they divert their metabolisms, producing sugars and certain

stress-associated proteins and other materials in their tissues. As the plant dries, these resources take on first the properties of honey, then rubber, and finally enter a glass-like state that is "the most stable state that the plant can maintain," Farrant says. That slows the plant's metabolism and protects its dried-out tissues. The plants also change shape, shrinking to minimize the surface area through which their remaining water might evaporate. They can recover from months and years without water, depending on the species.

G. What else can do this dry-out-and-revive trick? Seeds—almost all of them. At the start of her career, Farrant studied "recalcitrant seeds (顽

拗性种子)," such as avocados, coffee and lychee. While tasty, such seeds are delicate—they cannot bud and grow if they dry out (as you may know if you've ever tried to grow a tree from an avocado pit). In the seed world, that makes them rare, because most seeds from flowering plants are quite robust. Most seeds can wait out the dry, unwelcoming seasons until conditions are right and they sprout (发芽). Yet once they start growing, such plants seem not to retain the ability to hit the pause button on metabolism in their stems or leaves.

H. After completing her Ph.D. on seeds, Farrant began investigating whether it might be possible to isolate the properties that make most seeds so resilient (迅速恢复活力的) and transfer them to other plant tissues. What Farrant and others have found over the past two decades is that there are many genes involved in resurrection plants' response to dryness. Many of them are the same that regulate how seeds become dryness-tolerant while still attached to their parent plants. Now they are trying to figure out what molecular signaling processes activate those seed-building genes in resurrection plants—and how to reproduce them in crops. "Most genes are regulated by a master set of genes," Farrant says. "We're looking at gene promoters and what would be their master switch."I. Once Farrant and her colleagues feel they have a better sense of which switches to throw, they will have to find the best way to do so in useful crops. "I'm trying three methods of breeding," Farrant says: conventional, genetic modification and gene editing. She says she is aware that plenty of people do not want to eat genetically modified crops, but she is pushing ahead with every available tool until one works. Farmers and consumers alike can choose whether or not to use whichever version prevails: "I'm giving people an option."

J. Farrant and others in the resurrection business got together last year to discuss the best species of resurrection plant to use as a lab model. Just like medical researchers use rats to test ideas for human medical treatments, botanists use plants that are relatively easy to grow in a lab or greenhouse setting to test their ideas for related species. The Queensland rock violet is one of the best studied resurrection plants so far, with a draft genome (基因图谱) published last year by a Chinese team. Also last year, Farrant and colleagues published a detailed molecular study of another candidate, Xerophyta viscosa, a tough-as-nail South African plant with lily-like flowers, and she says that a genome is on the way. One or both of these models will help researchers test their ideas—so far mostly done in the lab—on test plots. K. Understanding the basic science first is key. There are good reasons why crop plants do not use dryness defenses already. For instance, there's a high energy cost in switching from a regular metabolism to an

almost-no-water metabolism. It will also be necessary to understand what sort of yield farmers might expect and to establish the plant's safety. "The yield is never going to be high," Farrant says, so these plants will be targeted not at Iowa farmers trying to squeeze more cash out of high-yield fields, but subsistence farmers who need help to survive a drought like the present one in South Africa. "My vision is for the subsistence farmer," Farrant says. "I'm targeting crops that are of African value."

37、 There are a couple of plants tough and adaptable enough to survive on bare rocky hills and in deserts.

38、 Farrant is trying to isolate genes in resurrection plants and reproduce them in crops.

39、 Farmers in South Africa are more at the mercy of nature, especially inconsistent rainfall.

40、 Resurrection crops are most likely to be the choice of subsistence farmers.

41、 Even though many plants have developed various tactics to cope with dry weather, they cannot survive a prolonged drought.

42、 Despite consumer resistance, researchers are pushing ahead with genetic modification of crops.

43、 Most seeds can pull through dry spells and begin growing when conditions are ripe, but once this process starts, it cannot be held back.

44、 Farrant is working hard to cultivate food crops that can survive extreme dryness by studying the traits of rare wild plants.

45、 By adjusting their metabolism, resurrection plants can recover from an extended period of drought.

46、 Resurrection plants can come back to life in a short time after a rainfall. Section C

Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the

centre.

Passage One

Human memory is notoriously unreliable. Even people with the sharpest facial-recognition skills can only remember so much.

It's tough to quantify how good a person is at remembering. No one really knows how many different faces someone can recall, for example, but various estimates tend to hover in the thousands—based on the number of acquaintances a person might have.

Machines aren't limited this way. Give the right computer a massive database of faces, and it can process what it sees—then recognize a face it's told to find—with remarkable speed and precision. This skill is what supports the enormous promise of facial-recognition software in the 21st century. It's also what makes contemporary surveillance systems so scary.

The thing is, machines still have limitations when it comes to facial recognition. And scientists are only just beginning to understand what those constraints are. To begin to figure out how computers are struggling, researchers at the University of Washington created a massive database of faces—they call it MegaFace—and tested a variety of facial-recognition algorithms (算法) as they scaled up in complexity. The idea was to test the machines on a database that included up to I million different images of nearly 700,000 different people—and not just a large database featuring a relatively small number of different faces, more consistent with what's been used in other research.

As the databases grew, machine accuracy dipped across the board. Algorithms that were right 95% of the time when they were dealing with a 13,000-image database, for example, were accurate about 70% of the time when confronted with 1 million images. That's still pretty good, says one of the researchers, Ira Kemelmacher-Shlizerman. "Much better than we expected," she said.

Machines also had difficulty adjusting for people who look a lot alike—either doppelgangers (长相极相似的人), whom the machine would have trouble identifying as two separate people, or the same person who appeared in different photos at different ages or in different lighting, whom the machine would incorrectly view as separate people.

"Once we scale up, algorithms must be sensitive to tiny changes in identities and at the same time invariant to lighting, pose, age," Kemelmacher-Shlizerman said.

The trouble is, for many of the researchers who'd like to design systems to address these challenges, massive datasets for experimentation just don't exist—at least, not in formats that are accessible to academic researchers. Training sets like the ones Google and have are private. There are no public databases that contain millions of faces. MegaFace's creators say it's the largest publicly available facial-recognition dataset out there. "An ultimate face recognition algorithm should perform with billions of people in a dataset," the researchers wrote.

47、 Compared with human memory, machines can ______.

A. identify human faces more efficiently

B. tell a friend from a mere acquaintance

C. store an unlimited number of human faces

D. perceive images invisible to the human eye

48、 Why did researchers create MegaFace?

A. To enlarge the volume of the facial-recognition database.

B. To increase the variety of facial-recognition software.

C. To understand computers' problems with facial recognition.D. To reduce the complexity of facial-recognition algorithms.

49、 What does the passage say about machine accuracy?

A. It falls short of researchers' expectations.

B. It improves with added computing power.

C. It varies greatly with different algorithms.

D. It decreases as the database size increases.

50、 What is said to be a shortcoming of facial-recognition machines?

A. They cannot easily tell apart people with near-identical appearances.

B. They have difficulty identifying changes in facial expressions.

C. They are not sensitive to minute changes in people's mood.

D. They have problems distinguishing people of the same age.

51、 What is the difficulty confronting researchers of facial-recognition machines?

A. No computer is yet able to handle huge datasets of human faces.

B. There do not exist public databases with sufficient face samples.

C. There are no appropriate algorithms to process the face samples.

D. They have trouble converting face datasets into the right format. Passage Two

There're currently 21.5 million students in America, and many will be funding their college on borrowed money. Given that there's now over $1.3 trillion in student loans on the books, it's pretty clear that many students are far from sensible. The average student's debt upon graduation now approaches $40,000, and as college becomes ever more expensive, calls to make it "free" are multiplying. Even Hillary Clinton says that when it comes to college, "Costs won't be a barrier."

But the only way college could be free is if the faculty and staff donated their time, the buildings required no maintenance, and campuses required no utilities. As long as it's impossible to produce something from nothing, costs are absolutely a barrier.

The actual question we debate is who should pay for people to go to college. If taxpayers are to bear the cost of forgiving student loans, shouldn't they have a say in how their money is used?

At least taxpayers should be able to decide what students will study on the public dime. If we're going to force taxpayers to foot the bill for college degrees, students' should only study those subjects that're of greatest benefit to taxpayers. After all, students making their own choices in this respect is what caused the problem in the first place. We simply don't need more poetry, gender studies, or sociology majors. How do we know which subjects benefit society? Easy.

Average starting salaries give a clear indication of what type of training society needs its new workers to have. Certainly, there're benefits to a college major beyond the job a student can perform. But if we're talking about the benefits to society, the only thing that matters is what the major enables the student to produce for society. And the value of what the student can produce is reflected in the wage employers are willing to pay the student to produce it.

A low wage for elementary school teachers, however, doesn't mean elementary education isn't important. It simply means there're too many elementary school teachers already.

Meanwhile, there're few who're willing and able to perform jobs requiring a petroleum engineering major, so the value of one more of those people is very high.

So we can have taxpayers pick up students' tuition in exchange for dictating what those students will study. Or we can allow students both tochoose their majors and pay for their education themselves. But in the end, one of two things is true:

Either a college major is worth its cost or it isn't. If yes, taxpayer financing isn't needed. If not, taxpayer financing isn't desirable. Either way, taxpayers have no business paying for students' college education.

52、 What does the author think of college students funding their education through loans?

A. They only expect to get huge returns.

B. They are acting in an irrational way.

C. They benefit at taxpayers' expense.

D. They will regret doing so someday.

53、 In the author's opinion, free college education is ______.

A. impractical

B. unsustainable

C. a goal to strive for

D. a way to social equality

54、 What should students do if taxpayers are to bear their college costs?

A. Work even harder to repay society.

B. Choose their subjects more carefully.

C. Choose majors that will serve society's practical needs.

D. Allow taxpayers to participate in college administration.

55、 What does the author say about the value of a student's college education?

A. It is underestimated by profit-seeking employers.

B. It is to be proved by what they can do on the job.

C. It is well reflected in their average starting salary.

D. It is embodied in how they remove social barriers.

56、 What message does the author want to convey in the passage?

A. Students should think carefully whether to go to college.

B. Taxpayers should only finance the most gifted students.

C. The worth of a college education is open to debate.

D. College students should fund their own education.

Part Ⅳ Translation

Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

57、过去，拥有一辆私家车对大部分中国人而言是件奢侈的事。如今，私家车在中国随处可见。汽车成了人们生活中不可或缺的一部分，他们不仅开车上下班，还经常驾车出游。有些城市的汽车增长速度过快，以至于交通拥堵和停车位不足的问题日益严峻，这些城市的市不得不出台新规，上路汽车的数量。由于空气污染日益严重，现在越来越多的人选择购买新能源汽车，中国也采取了一些措施，支持新能源汽车的发展。

答案:

Part Ⅰ Writing

1、The relationship between employers and employees is based on the labor contract that they have signed together. However, if this relationship is to develop well and the two sides intend to achieve success through cooperation, trust has to be built between employers and employees.On the one hand, employers should communicate their vision, mission and code of ethics to their employees in order to inspire employees' trust in the company: On the other hand, employees should strictly comply with company or industry rules and regulations. Otherwise, any irregular or deceitful practice will easily destroy the trust between employers and employees. In fact, trust is the foundation on which companies are built. Without trust, no company will be able to survive, and no individual can fully explore his or her potential.

Both employers and employees should bear in mind that trust is not built overnight. It requires months, even years of hard work, and yet it may be still very fragile. The trust between employers and employees needs to be nurtured and protected by both sides carefully.

[解析] 1. The relationship between employers and employees is based on the labor contract that they have signed together. However, if this relationship is to develop well and the two sides intend to achieve success through cooperation, trust has to be built between employers and employees.

文章第一段开门见山，引出主题，指出雇主和雇员之间除了合同规定的雇佣关系以外，还必须

要建立信任。第二句用however进行转折，然后采用条件从句加强了对主题的强调。

2. On the one hand, employers should... On the other hand, employees should... Otherwise... Without trust, no company will be able to survive, and no individual can fully explore his or her potential.

第二段以on the one hand...on the other hand...句型开头，分别明确了在互信关

系中雇主与雇员各自应当承担的责任。随后用otherwise，without从反面阐释了互信关系的缺失

将对雇佣双方产生的影响。文章条理清晰，逻辑严密。

3. Both employers and employees should bear in mind that trust is not built overnight. It requires months, even years of hard work, and yet it may be still very fragile. The trust between employers and employees needs to be nurtured and protected by both sides carefully.

最后一段通过强调双方互信关系的建立与维护的不易深化主题，并bear in mind，requires，needs to be等常用表达对雇主和雇员双方都提出了具体建议，进一步深化主题。

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

Section A

2、A

[听力原文]

M: Tonight we have a special guest from a local establishment, the Perusine Cafeacute. Welcome!

W: Hi, thanks for having me on your show.

M: Thank you for joining us. So please tell us, why did you decide to open a cafeacute?

W: Well, we saw the opportunity to offer something a little special and different from other establishments. Cafeacutes certainly are a very competitive market sector. There are more than plenty in our city, and we felt they are all rather similar to each other. Wouldn't you agree?

M: Certainly yes. So how is your establishment any different?

W: Well, simply put, we have rabbits wandering freely around the place. Our customers come in and enjoy their food and drinks, while little rabbits play about and brush against their legs. There is no other place like it. M: That's amazing. How did you come up with the idea?

W: We saw other cafeacutes with cats in them, so we thought why not rabbits? People love rabbits. They are very cute animals.

M: But is it safe? Do the rabbits ever bite people or do any customersever hurt the rabbits?

W: It's perfectly safe for both rabbits and our customers. Rabbits are very peaceful and certainly do not bite. Furthermore, our rabbits are regularly cleaned and have all received the required shots. So there is no health risk whatsoever. As for our customers, they are all animal lovers, so they would never try to hurt the rabbits. Sometimes a young child may get overexcited and be a little too rough, but it's never a serious matter. On the contrary, the Perusine Cafeacute offers a great experience for children, a chance for them to learn about rabbits, and how to take care of them. M: Well, it's certainly the first time I've heard of a cafeacute like that.

Q: What do we learn about the woman?

[解析] 1.四项均以she开头，推测该题可能就she的行为提问。

2.三项提到的内容与咖啡或咖啡馆有关(owner of a special cafeacute, sells a special kind of coffee, start a cafeacute chain)。

该题可能考查对话中的女士与咖啡或咖啡馆的关系。听音时要仔细听相关内容，然后结合选项做出判断。

对话中男士开头就说：“今晚我们有一位来自一家本地商户——佣鲁西咖啡馆的特殊来宾。”对话中女士介绍了她开咖啡馆的原因和这家咖啡馆的特殊之处——店里有兔子。由此可知，女士应该是一家特殊咖啡馆的店主，因此A项与对话内容相符，故为正确答案。B、C、D三项在对话中朱提到，因此排除。

3、D

[听力原文]

Q: What does the woman say about cafeacutes in her city?

[解析] 1.四项均以they开头，内容均与they的特点相关。

2.两项提到的内容与顾客相关(take care of customers' pets, cater to different customers)。

该题可能考查they的特点。听音时首先要明确they的指代对象，然后结合选项做出判断。

对话中女士提到：“我们这座城市就有很多咖啡馆，我们认为它们大同小异。”因此D项与对话内容相符，故为正确答案。对话中女士提到“咖啡馆市场竞争非常激烈”，故B项的说法不确切；A项和C项在对话中未提及，故排除。

4、B

[听力原文]

Q: How does the Perusine Cafeacute guarantee that its rabbits pose no health threat?

[解析] 1.四项均是by引出的介词短语，可能是以how提问。

2.由选项内容推测，them可能指代某种动物。

该题可能以how提问，考查的内容可能与如何确保某种动物或顾客的安全有关。听音时要留意相关的语句。

对话中女士提到：“我们也会定期给兔子清洁身体，它们也全都打了必须要接种的疫苗。因此，完全没有健康风险。”因此，B项与对话内容相符，故为正确答案。其他三项在对话中未提及，故排除。

5、C

[听力原文]

Q: What does the woman say about their customers?

[解析] 1.四项均以they开头，且都描述的是they的某种行为。

2.两项提到cafeacute，一项提到animals，一项提到rabbits，推测they的行为与咖啡馆或兔子有关。

该题可能以what提问，考查they的某种行为，听音时应重点关注与选项关键词(favorite reviews，like to bring in their children, love the animals in her cafeacute, learn about rabbits)相关的内容。

对话中女士提到：“至于我们的客人，他们都是动物爱好者，所以从来不会有意伤害那些兔子。”因此C项与对话内容相符，故为正确答案。女士提到咖啡馆为小朋友们提供了了解兔子的机会，而不是顾客想要了解兔子，故D项错误；A、B两项在对话中未提及，故排除。

6、B

[听力原文]

M: Hey, there. How are you?

W: Oh, hi. I'm great. Thanks. And you look great too.

M: Thank you. It's good to see you shopping at the organic section. I see you've got lots of healthy stuff. I wish I could buy more organic produce from here, but I find the kids don't like it. I don't know about yours, but mine are all about junk food.

W: Oh, trust me. I know exactly how you feel. My children are the same. What is it with kids these days and all that junk food they eat. I think it's all that advertising on TV. That's where they get it.

M: Yes, it must be. My children see something on TV and they immediately want it. It's like they don't realize it's just an advertisement.

W: Right, and practically everything that advertises for children is unhealthy processed foods. No surprise then, it becomes a battle for us parents to feed our children ordinary fruit and vegetables.

M: That's just the thing. One never sees ordinary ingredients being advertised on TV. It's never a carrot or a peach. It's always some garbage like chocolate-covered sweets. So unhealthy.

W: Exactly. And these big food corporations have so much money to spend on clever tactic design to make young children want to buy their products. Children never stand a chance. It's really not fair.

M: You are so right. When we were children, we barely had any junk food available and we turned out just fine.

W: Yes, my parents don't understand any of it. Both TV commercials and the supermarkets are alien to them. Their world was so different back when they were young.

M: I don't know what will happen to the next generation.

W: The world is going crazy.

M: You bet.

Q: What do the speakers say about the food their children like?

[解析] 1.四项均以it开头，由各选项内容推测，it很可能指的是某种食物。

2.两项提到的内容与食品的危害相关(cause obesity，garbage)；两项提到的内容与食品的成分相关(contains too many additives，lacks the essential vitamins)。

该题考查的内容可能与it的危害或成分相关。听音时首先要确定it所指代的事物，然后结合选项做出判断。

对话中男士说他的孩子只喜欢吃垃圾食品。女士的看法和他一样。由此可知，对话者都认为他们的孩子喜欢的食物大部分是垃圾食品，B项与对话内容相符，故为正确答案。其他三项在对话中均未提及，故排除。

7、A

[听力原文]

Q: According to the speakers, what affects children's choice of food most?

[解析] 1.四项均是名词短语，本题可能以what提问。

2.两项提到的内容与某物的内在特征相关(fancy design，taste and texture)；两项提到的内容与对某物的外在影响相关(TV commercials，peer influence)。

该题考查的内容可能与影响某事物的因素相关。听音时要留意与各选项关键信息相关的内容。

对话中女士提到：“我想这都是电视广告的原因，孩子们就是从那里获知食品信息的。”因此，A项与对话内容相符，故为正确答案。其他三项在对话中未提及，故排除。

8、B

[听力原文]

Q: What do the speakers believe big food corporations are doing?

[解析] 1.四项均是动名词短语，本题可能以what提问。

2.四项提到的内容均与某企业所做的活动有关。

该题考查的内容可能与某企业所做的活动相关。听音时要留意与这四项内容相关的语句。

对话中女士提到：“这些大型食品公司将很多的钱用来设计巧妙的广告，好让小孩子们想要购买他们的产品。”因此，B项与对话内容相符，故为正确答案。男士之前说：“大家从来没在电视上见过有关普通食品的广告。”可知C项错误，故排除；A、D两项在时话中均未提及，故排除。

9、D

[听力原文]

Q: What do we know about the speakers when they were children?

[解析] 1.四项均以they开头，由选项内容推测they应该指代某些人。

2.两项提到的内容均与they的喜好相关(favored chocolate-coated sweets，like the food advertised on TV)；两项提到的内容均与they的生活习惯相关(hardly ate vegetables，seldom had junk food)。

该题考查的内容可能与某些人的喜好或生活习惯相关。听音时要留意与这四项内容相关的句子。

对话中男士提到：“我们小时候，几乎看不见任何垃圾食品。”因此可得知，对话者小时候几乎不吃垃圾食品，因此D项与对话内容相符，故为正确答案。选项A和B是现在孩子们喜欢做的事；选项C在对话中找不到根据，故都排除。

Section B

10、A

[听力原文]

At some 2,300 miles in length, the Mississippi is the longest river in the United States. At some 1,000 miles, the Mackenzie is the longest river in Canada. But these waterways seem minute in comparison to the world's two lengthiest rivers—the Nile and the Amazon.

The Nile, which begins in central Africa and flows over 4,100 miles north into the Mediterranean, hosted one of the world's great ancient civilizations along its shores. Calm and peaceful for most of the year, the Nile used to flood annually, thereby creating, irrigating and carrying new top soil to the nearby farmland on which ancient Egypt depended for a livelihood. As a means of transportation, the river carried various vessels up and down its length. A journey through the unobstructed part of this waterway today would pass by the splendid Valley of the Kings with tombs of many of these ancient monarchs, having stood for over 3,000 years.

Great civilizations and intensive settlement are hardly associated with the Amazon. Yet this 4,000-mile long south American river carries about 20% of the world's fresh water, more than the Mississippi, Nile and Yangtze combined. Other statistics are equally astonishing. The Amazon is so wide at some points that from its center neither shore can be seen. Each second the Amazon pours some 55 million gallons of water into the Atlantic. There,at its mouth stands one island larger than Switzerland. Most important of all, the Amazon irrigates the largest tropical rain forest on earth.

Q: What can be found in the Valley of the Kings?

[解析] 1.四项都是名词性短语，均表示物。

2.一项提到animal farms，一项提到farmland。

本题很可能以what提问，可能询问某物。听音时应注意将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上(tombs，animal farms，ruins，farmland)。

题目问的是在“帝王谷”中可以发现什么。文章中间部分提及了Valley of the Kings，原文说如今沿尼罗河这条航道畅通无阻的河段航行将会经过辉煌的“帝王谷”。“帝王谷”已经有3000多年的历史了，里面有很多古代君主的陵墓。由此可知选项A正确。选项B和C原文并未提到；选项D中的农田原文虽有提及，但并不是在“帝王谷”看到的，故也不能选。

11、B

[听力原文]

Q: In what way is the Amazon different from other big rivers?

[解析] 1.四项都以it开头，都描述了一种现象。

2.两项含有否定词：hardly和not。

本题考查的内容与it有关，可能涉及it的作用或特征，可能是文章的某个细节，也有可能是文章的主旨。听音时应注意判断it的指代对象，并将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上。

题目问的是亚马孙河与其他大河有什么不同之处。文章后半部分提到了亚马孙河，说很难将伟大的文明和密集的居住区与亚马孙河联系起来，而文章前面介绍尼罗河时提到“沿岸孕育了世界伟大的古代文明之一”，可见亚马孙河与其他大河在孕育文明方面是不同的，由此可知选项B正确。其他三项原文均未提及，故排除。

12、D

[听力原文]

Q: What does the speaker say about the Amazon?

[解析] 1.四项都以it开头，都描述了一种现象或事实。

2.一项提到along its banks，一项提到了it的长度，一项提到了it的宽度，一项提到了it 有的淡水量。

本题考查的内容与it有关，而it很可能是指某条河流，可能涉及it沿岸的情况，或it的长度、宽度或拥有的淡水量，很可能是文章的某个细节。听音时应注意判断it的指代对象，并将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上。

题目问的是关于亚马孙河，讲话者说了什么。文章后半部分是关于亚马孙河的介绍，这条长4000英里的南美洲河流有着全世界大约20%的淡水量，这与选项D的说法一致，one fifth of the world's fresh water是对原文中20% of the world's fresh water的同义转述，故选项D 正确。其他选项均是对原文内容的曲解，故排除。

13、C

[听力原文]

How often do you say to people "I'm busy" or "I haven't got time for that"? It's an inevitable truth that all of us live a life in the fast lane, even though we know that being busy is not always particularly healthy. Growing up in New Zealand, everything was always calm and slow. People enjoy the tranquility of a slower pace of life. But after I moved to Tokyo and lived there for a number of years, I got used to having a pile of to-do lists. And my calendar always looked like a mess with loads of things to do, written across it. I found myself filling my time up with endless work meetings and social events, rushing along as busy as a bee. Then, one day, I came across a book, called In Praise of Slowness, and realized that being busy is notonly detrimental, but also has the danger of turning life into an endless race. So I started practicing the various practical steps mentioned by the author in the book, and began to revolt against the very idea of being too busy. It doesn't mean that my to-do lists no longer exist, but I've become more aware of the importance of slowing down and making sure that I enjoy the daily activities as I carry them out. From now on, when someone asks you how your life is, try responding with words like "exciting" and "fun," instead of the culture norm that says "busy." See if you experience the tranquility that follows.

Q: What does the speaker think is an inevitable truth?

[解析] 四项都陈述了一种现象或生活方式。

本题可能以what提问，提问内容可能与某种现象或生活方式相关，可能是文章的某个细节，也可能是文章的主旨。听音时应将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上(yearn for a slow and calm life，search for tranquility，in a rush to do various things，a life in the fast lane)。

题目问的是作者认为什么是无法回避的事实。文章开头部分提到，我们每个人的生活节奏都很快，这是一个无法回避的事实，尽管我们知道忙碌并不总是特别健康的。选项C是对原文中all of us live a life in the fast lane的同义转述，故为正确答案。其他三项文中均未提及，故排除。

14、B

[听力原文]

Q: What does the speaker say about her life in Tokyo?

[解析] 四项都以she开头，陈述的都是she的爱好或生活状况。

本题考查的内容与she有关，很可能是关于she的爱好或生活状况的，可能是文章的某个细节，也可能是文章的主旨。听音时应注意判断she的指代对象，并将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上。

题目问的是关于她在东京的生活，讲话者说了什么。文章前半部分讲话者提到了搬到东京后的生活状况：但是我搬到东京并在那里生活了几年之后，我变得习惯于有一堆待办事项清单。这与选项B的总结一致，其accustomed to tight schedules是原文中got used to having a pile of to-do lists的同义转述，故选B。选项C文中并未提及；选项A和D都是根据文中的细节设置的干扰项，故均排除。

15、C

[听力原文]

Q: What made the speaker change her lifestyle?

[解析] 1.四项都是名词性短语。

2.一项提到fast-paced life，一项提到了slowing down，意思是相对的。

本题可能以what提问，考查的内容可能与快节奏的生活或放慢生活节奏相关，很可能是文章的某个细节。听音时应将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上。

题目问的是什么让讲话者改变了她的生活方式。文章中间部分讲话者提到：然后有一天，我偶然看到一本书，书名是《赞美慢生活》，我意识到忙碌不仅仅有害，而且还有把生活变成一场无休止的比赛的危险。所以，我开始践行作者在书中提到的各种实用步骤，并且开始抵制让自己太过忙碌的想法。由此可知，是一本关于放慢生活节奏的书让讲话者有了改变生活方式的想法，因此选项C正确。其他三项文中均未提及，故排除。

16、A

[听力原文]

Q: What happened after the speaker changed her lifestyle?

[解析] 四项都以she开头，陈述的都是“她”的变化。

本题考查的内容与she有关，应该是在“她”身上发生的某种变化，可能是文章的某个细节，也可能是文章的主旨。听音时应注意判断she的指代对象，并将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上。

题目问的是讲话者改变了她的生活方式之后发生了什么。文章后半部分提到讲话者受一本书的影响开始改变生活方式，践行作者在书中提到的各种实用步骤。讲话者说：这并不意味着我的待办事项清单不再存在了，而是说明我变得更加在意慢下来的重要性，并要确保自己享受所进行的日常活动。由此可知选项A正确，选项D错误。选项B和C文中并未提及，故排除。

Section C

17、C

[听力原文]

Governments, private groups and individuals spend billions of dollars a year trying to root out non-native organisms that are considered dangerous to ecosystems, and to prevent the introduction of new intruders. But a number of scientists question the assumption that the presence of alien species can never be acceptable in a natural ecosystem. They say that portraying introduced species as inherently bad is an unscientific approach. "Distinctions between exotic and native species are artificial," said Dr. Michael Rosenzweig, a professor of evolutionary biology at the University of Arizona. "Because they depend on picking a date and calling the plants and animals that show up after that date exotic."

Ecosystems free Of species to find as exotic are by default considered the most natural. "You can't roll back the clock and remove all exotics or fix habitats," Dr. Rosenzweig said, "Both native and exotic species can become invasive, and so they all have to be monitored and controlled when they begin to get out of hand." At its core, the debate is about how to manage the world's remaining natural ecosystems and about how and how much to restore other habitats. Species that invade a territory can harm ecosystems, agriculture and human health. They can threaten some native species or even destroy and replace others. Next to habitat loss, these invasive species represent the greatest threat to biodiversity worldwide, many ecologists say. Ecologists generally define an alien species as one that people accidentally or deliberately carried to its new location.

Across the American continents, exotic species are those introduced after the first European contact. That date, rounded off to 1500 AD, represents what ecologists consider to have been a major shift in the spread of species including crops and livestock as they began to migrate with humans from continent to continent. "Only a small percentage of alien species cause problems in their new habitats," said Don Smith, Professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at the University of Tennessee. "Of the 7,000 alien species in the United States, out of a total of 150,000 species, only about 10% are invasive," he pointed out, "The other 90% have fit into their environments and are considered naturalized." Yet appearances can deceive—ecologists caution—and many of these exotics may be considered acceptable only because no one has documented their harmful effects. What is more, nonnative species can appear harmless for decades, then turn invasive.

Q: What assumption about introduced species is challenged by a number of scientists?

[解析] 四项都以they开头，且都表示they的某种行为或影响；其中两项是积极行为或影响，两项是消极行为或影响。

本题问对有关外来物种的什么假设，科学家提出了质疑。讲话者在开头指出：“很多科学家质疑这种假设，即在一个自然生态系统中，外来物种的存在是永远不能被接受的。他们认为，把外来物种描绘成本质上恶劣的物种是不科学的做法。”也就是说，很多科学家认为，外来物种不一定会对本地的生态系统构成威胁，人们不应该全盘否定外来物种，认为它们是绝对不利的。选项C的说法与原文

相符，故为正确答案。讲话开头提到，一些团体或个人试图根除那些被认为给生态系统带来危险的非

本地生物，由此可知选项A的说法太过绝对，故排除。选项B和D讲话中没有提及。

18、A

[听力原文]

Q: What does Dr. Michael Rosenzweig think of exotic and native species?

[解析] 四项都以their开头，听音时需重点关注their的指代对象；由选项内容可以推测，their

应该指代的是两种事物，本题可能考查它们的区别、定义、相互作用或分类。

本题问有关外来物种和本地物种，迈克尔·罗森兹维格博士有什么看法。讲话者在第一次提到迈

克尔·罗森兹维格博士时引用了他的话来继续强调上文的观点：“外来物种和本地物种的区别都是人

为划分的。”选项A的说法与此一致，该项中的distinctions are artificial是原文重现，故

为正确答案。其余三项讲话中均未提及。

19、D

[听力原文]

Q: What does Professor Don Smith say about alien species?

[解析] 三项提到them，一项提到they，听音时需重点关注they或them的指代对象；四项内容都

与they的某种结果、状态或影响有关。

本题问唐·史密斯说了有关外来物种的什么信息。讲话者在最后提到了唐·史密斯，并且引用了

他的话来解释外来物种产生的影响：“只有很小比例的外来物种会给它们的新栖息地带来麻烦。”他

所说的“新栖息地”指的就是本地物种的栖息地。分析各选项内容，只有选项D的说法与原文相符，故

为正确答案。史密斯还说，美国90%的外来物种已经适应了它们的新环境，被认为自然化了。选项A

和B的说法与此不符，故排除。讲话者最后提到，生物学家警告说，外来物种可能在数十年中看起来

是无害的，但之后会变得具有侵略性。选项C的说法与此相反，同时这也不是唐·史密斯教授的观点，

故也排除。

20、C

[听力原文]

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. And welcome to the third in our series of business seminars in the program Doing Business Abroad. Today we are going to look at into culture awareness. That is the fact that not everyone is British, not everyone speaks English and not everyone does business in a British way. And why should they? If overseas business people are selling to us, then they will make every effort to speak English and to respect our traditions and methods. It is only polite for us to do the same when we visit them. It is not only polite, it is essential if we want to sell British products overseas.

First, a short quiz. Let's see how interculturally aware you are. Question one: Where must you not drink alcohol on the 1st and 7th of every month? Question two: Where should you never admire your host's possessions? Question three: How should you attract the waiter during a business lunch in Bangkok? And question four: Where should you try to make all your appointments either before 2:00 or after 5:30 p.m.?

Okay, everyone had a chance to make some notes. Right, here are the answers, although I am sure that the information could equally well apply to countries other than those I have chosen. So No. one: You must not drink alcohol on the 1st and 7th of a month in India. In international hotels, you may find it served. But if you'll have a meal with an Indian colleague, remember to avoid asking for a beer if your arrival coincides with one of those dates. Two: In Arab countries, the politeness and generosity of the people is without parallel. If you admire your colleague's beautiful golden bowls, you may will find yourself being presented with them as a present. This is not a cheapway to do your shopping, however, as your host will quite correctly expect you to respond by presenting him with a gift of equal worth and beauty. In Thailand, clicking the fingers, clapping your hands or just shouting "waiter" will embarrass your hosts, fellow diners, the waiter himself and most of all, you. Place your palm downward and make an inconspicuous waving gesture which will produce instant and satisfying results. And finally, in Spain, some businesses maintain the pattern of working until about 2 o'clock and then returning to the office from 5:30 to 8:00, 9:00, or 10:00 in the evening. Q: What should you do when doing business with foreigners?

[解析] 三项都提到了their，听音时应重点关注their的指代对象；四项都是动词短语，本题应考查某种行为。

本题问我们在与外国人做生意时应该做什么。节目一开始，主持人就说：“如果海外商人准备向我们出售产品，那么他们会尽一切努力去说英语，还会尊重我们的传统和方法。当我们去拜访他们时，只有做同样的事才有礼貌。”做同样的事，意思是说我们在和外国人做生意时，也应该尽量说他们国家的语言，尊重他们的传统。选项C与主持人的说法一致，故为正确答案。其余三项讲话中都未提及，故排除。

21、B

[听力原文]

Q: What must you avoid doing with your Indian colleague?

[解析] 四项都是动名词短语，推测本题是就某种行为进行提问；两项提到them，一项提到their，这种行为与they的指代对象有关，听音时需特别注意与每个选项的关键词(clicking fingers、drinking alcohol、giving gifts和showing your palm)相关的信息。

本题问和印度人做生意时应避免做什么事。主持人提出进行一项简短的测验，测验中第一道题的答案与印度有关。在印度，人们一定不能在每个月的第一天和第七天喝酒。所以，在和印度人做生意时，要避免在那两天喝酒。故答案选B。选项A是在泰国就餐招呼服务员时不能做的事情，不是本题考查内容，故排除。选项C和D讲话中未提及。

22、A

[听力原文]

Q: What do we learn about some Spanish business people?

[解析] 四项都以they开头，且描述的都是they的某种状态，涉及工作时间或性格特点等。听音时需明确they的指代对象，并重点关注与选项关键词(have a break、sense of worth、friendly and enthusiastic和are very easy to satisfy)相关的信息。

本题就西班牙商界人士进行提问。测验中最后一题的答案与西班牙有关。在西班牙，一些公司保持这样的工作模式：员工先工作至大约下午2点，然后下午5点半返回办公室，工作至晚上点或10点。也就是说，西班牙商界人士在下午2点到5点半之间休息，故选A。其他三项讲话中都没提及，故排除。

23、B

[听力原文]

Shortly after he took over the Reader's Digest Association in 1984, George Grune unlocked the company's boardroom and announced that the room was now open to the employees. It was a symbolic act, indicating that under Grune's leadership, Reader's Digest was going to be different. True to his word, Grune has shaken up the culture here.

To get an idea of the culture we're talking about, consider the boardroom Grune opened up. It has artworks that any museum in the world would want to collect, paintings by many world-famous artists like Monet and Picasso. Its headquarters houses some 3,000 works of art. The main building is topped with a Georgian tower with four sculptures of the mythical winged horse, the

magazine's corporate logo. It sits on 127 acres of well-trimmed lawns. The editors' office used to be occupied by founder DeWitt Wallace, who along with his wife Lila Acheson Wallace, launched Reader's Digest in 1922 with condensed articles from other publications. It has become the world's most widely read magazine, selling 28 million copies each month in 17 languages and 41 different editions.

The Wallaces, both children of church ministers, had a clearly defined formula for their "little magazine

George Grune, a former ad salesman who joined Reader's Digest in 1960 has his eye focused on the bottom line. In a few short years, he turned the magazine on its head. He laid off several hundred workers; especially hard hit were the blue- and pink-collar departments such as subscription fulfillment.

Q: What did George Grune do in 1984?

[解析] 1.四项都以he开头，且都是过去时。听音时要注意he的指代对象。

2.其中两项提到了company，一项提到了Reader's Digest。

本题问乔治·格伦在1984年做的事情。由讲话内容可知，乔治·格伦于这一年接管了《读者文摘》

杂志社。讲话者说，在格伦的领导下，《读者文摘》会有所不同，他已经彻底改变了那里的企业文化。

选项B的说法与此一致，故为正确答案，其中的completely changed与原文中的has shaken up

是同义转述。选项A与讲话内容不符，原文是说乔治·格伦把董事会办公室向员工们开放，而不是将

办公室大幅翻新。讲话最后提到，格伦刚进公司时是名广告推销员，选项C与讲话内容不符。讲话提

到，董事会会议室中收藏了很多世界著名艺术家的作品，而非格伦本人收藏的，故排除选项D。

24、D

[听力原文]

Q: How did the Wallaces define the formula for Reader's Digest?

[解析] 1.四个选项都是以it开头的陈述句，都包含情态动词should。听音时要注意it的指代对象。

2.其中两项的主语是its articles。

本题考查《读者文摘》的出版准则。讲话中间提到，华莱士夫妇给《读者文摘》的收录内容设置了明确的准则，文章一定要简短(short)，可读性强，且令人振奋(uplifting)。选项D中的short

是原文重现，inspiring与讲话中的uplifting为同义替换，故本题选D。选项A是针对讲话中出现

的细节词entertain和blue- and pink-collar workers设置的干扰项，应排除。选项B和选

项C讲话没有提及，故不选。

25、C

[听力原文]

Q: What do we learn about the founder of Reader's Digest Dewitt Wallace? [解析] 1.四个选项均是以he作主语的陈述句，推断本题考查he的相关情况。听音后需确认he的指

代对象。

2.注意各项关键词church minister，profitale，treated the employees，setbacksand misfortunes，前三项跟he的工作有关，最后一项跟其人生经历有关。

本题考查《读者文摘》创始人德威特·华莱士的相关情况。讲话中间提到，华莱士夫妇一直把员工当作他们的家庭成员，选项C与讲话内容相符，故为正确答案。华莱士夫妇的父母都是教堂牧师，选项A与讲话内容不符，应排除。选项D是根据讲话的细节词设置的干扰，讲话提到，华莱士夫妇非常照顾那些遭遇不幸(misfortunes)的员工，并不是说华莱士一生经历了很多不幸，应排除D。26、D

[听力原文]

Q: What change took place in Reader's Digest after the Wallaces' death?

[解析] 四个选项都是一般过去时的陈述句，描述了四种不同的现象或情况。可推断本题可能提问某个事物的现状或变化。

本题考查华莱士夫妇去世后《读者文摘》经历的变化。讲话最后提到，乔治·格伦接手《读者文摘》后，他的目光专注于盈亏，他让杂志改头换面，裁掉了几百名员工。由此可知，选项D与讲话内容相符，故为正确答案。选项C的内容本身表述没有错误，但答非所问，故排除。选项A和选项B讲话没有提及，故也排除。

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension

Section A

27、

[解析] 分析句子结构可知，空格所在部分是that引导的主语从句，it's clear中的it为形式主语，真正的主语是that后面的the woman...。空格前是名词woman，空格后是介词短语for writing it，而was one of America's...是系表结构，充当该主语从句的谓语，由此可判断空格处应填入分词，与介词短语for writing it一起构成分词短语，充当后置定语。符合语法条件的备选分词有inspired(激发，启发)、obsessed(迷住)、rectified(矫正，调整)、reputed(所谓的，普遍认为的)、supposed(误信的；误传的；假定的)。

文章前两句指出萨拉·约瑟法·黑尔是否是《玛丽的小羊羔》这首儿歌的作者尚存在争议，结合备选项可知，此处是说这位“被普遍认为的”儿歌《玛丽的小羊羔》的作者，故本题应选K。supposed 填入文中虽然也讲得通，但是它一般只作前置定语，故排除。

28、

[解析] 空格前是形容词fascinating，空格后是句点，由此可知，空格处应填入名词。备选项中的名词有campaign(活动，运动)、career(职业；事业)、characters(角色；人物)、features(特点，特色)、proclamation(公告，声明)、rest(休息；其余的人或事物)。

将符合语法条件的备选名词代入原文可知characters符合语境，即“美国最具吸引力的人物之一”，故选C。fascinating意为“令人着迷的，吸引人的，极其有意思的”。

29、

[解析] 空格前是定冠词the，空格后是名词短语author's life，由此可知，空格处应填入形容词或分词，充当author的定语。备选项中的形容词或分词还有fierce(凶狠的；激烈的；狂热的)、inspired(受启发的，有灵感的)、latter(后者的；近来的)、obsessed(着迷的)、rectified(改下的)、rest(其余的)、supposed、traditional(传统的)、versatile(才多艺的)。

结合前文提到的《玛丽的小羊羔》作者的身份存在争议的内容可知，备选项supposed一词(误信的；误传的；假定的)代入原文符合语境，故选M。

30、

[解析] 空格前为不定冠词a，空格后为名词短语social advocate，由此可知，空格处应填入形容词或分词，充当social advocate的定语。符合语法条件的备选形容词或分词还有fierce、inspired、latter、obsessed、rectified、rest、traditional、versatile。

此处提到，黑尔不仅仅是位作家，还是一位______社交提倡者，由下文内容可知，黑尔为倡导创立感恩节坚持了17年，可见她是一位非常积极的社交提倡者，将符合语法条件的备选项代入原文，可知fierce符合此处语境，即“狂热的社交提倡者”，故选E。

31、

[解析] 空格前是was particularly，空格后是介词短语with an ideal New England，由

此可知，空格处应填入一个形容词或分词，充当表语，且能与with搭配。备选形容词和分词还有inspired、latter、obsessed、rectified、rest、traditional、versatile，而由语法知识可知，只有obsessed可与with搭配，构成固定短语be obsessed with(痴迷于)。

将obsessed代入原文，可知固定短语obsessed with符合此处语境，即“她尤其痴迷于创建一个理想化的新英格兰地区”，故本题选H。

32、

[解析] 空格前为a nationwide，空格后为不定式短语to have a national holiday，由此可知，空格处应填入一个单数名词。符合语法条件的单数名词有campaign、career、proclamation、rest。

上文提到黑尔痴迷于创建一个理想化的新英格兰地区，下文又说她为倡导创立感恩节坚持了17年，由此可判断，此处是说“她开展了一项全国性的活动”，故本题应选A。

33、

[解析] 空格前为定冠词the，空格后为名词festivals，由此可知，空格处应填入一个形容词或分词，充当festivals的定语。备选形容词或分词还有inspired、latter、rectified、rest、traditional、versatile。

上文提到黑尔开展了一项全国性的活动，以争取创立一个全国性的节日，将符合语法条件的备

选形容词和分词代入原文，可知traditional符合语境，即“庆祝传统节日”，故本题选N。

34、

[解析] 空格前为不定冠词a，空格后为现在分词短语setting aside the last...，由此可知，空格处应填入一个单数名词。符合语法条件的单数名词选项还有career、proclamation、rest。

前文提到，在1863年，经过17年的倡导，包括向五任总统写信建议，黑尔实现了她的愿望，由此可判断，此处应填入表示“布告，公告”等含义的词，表示总统最终发布了设定节日的“公告”，故

选I。

35、

[解析] 空格前为系动词was，空格后为介词短语by a real event，由此可知，空格处应填入一个过去分词，构成被动语态。符合语法条件的过去分词选项还有inspired和rectified。

将两者代入原文，可知inspired符合此处语境，即“无论作者是谁，这首诗似乎都受到了一个真实事件的启发”，故本题应选F。

36、

[解析] 空格前为定冠词the，空格后为介词短语of her life，由此可知，空格处应填入一个名词。备选项中的名词选项还有career、features、rest。

将符合条件的名词选项代入原文，可知rest符合此处语境，即“黑尔在她的余生都声称‘有人假称创作这首诗的作者另有其人’”，故本题应选L。the rest of one's life意为“在某人的余生”。Section B

37、

[解析] 注意抓住题干中的关键信息a couple of和adaptable enough to survive on bare rocky hills and in deserts。文章段落中论及有少量植物具备足够的适应能力，可以在光秃秃的岩石山和沙漠中生存的内容出现在C段。该段最后一句指出，在世界各地沙漠中的这些山丘和类似的地形中，有少量顽强的植物已经适应环境，能够在不断变化的气候条件下存活。可见，题干是对原文的同义转述。题干中的a couple of对应原文中的a few；题干中的on bare rocky hills and in deserts对应原文中的on these and similar formations in deserts，该处的these指代的是上文中提到的steep-sided rocky hills。

38、

[解析] 注意抓住题干中的关键信息isolate genes in resurrection plants andreproduce them in crops。文章段落中论及法兰特分离复活植物中的基因并将其复制到农作物中的内容出现在H段。该段首句指出，在法兰特完成攻读种子专业的博士学位之后，她开始调查是否能够将那些使大多数种子迅速恢复活力的特性分离出来，并将它们转换到其他植物组织中。随后在该段第四句中提到，现在，法兰特和其他一些人正试图弄清楚是什么分子信号传导过程激活了复活植物中的那些构建种子的基因——以及如何将它们复制到农作物中。可见，题干是对原文的同义转述。题干中的isolate和reproduce them in crops属于原词重现。

39、

[解析] 注意抓住题干中的关键信息farmers in South Africa和more at the mercy of nature。文章段落中论及南非的农民更多地受制于自然的内容出现在A段。该段第三句指出，食物的安全和命运有赖于充足的雨水，非洲尤其如此，在那里，96%的农田都依靠雨水，而不是更发达的地方常见的灌溉。可见，题干是对原文的同义转述。题干中的at the mercy of nature，especially inconsistent rainfall对应原文中depend on sufficient rain，其中at the mercy of为固定用法，意为“受……支配”；题干中的farmers in South Africa are more对应原文中的nowhere more so than in Africa。

40、

[解析] 注意抓住题干中的关键信息resurrection crops和the choice of subsistence farmers。文章段落中论及复活作物最有可能成为仅能维持生存的农民的选择的内容出现在K段。该段第五句引用了法兰特的原话，提到“产量永远都不会高，因此这些植物所面向的人群不是那些试图从高产量的土地上榨取更多现金的爱荷华州的农民，而是那些仅能维持生存、需要帮助以成功渡过类似当下南非所处的旱情的农民。”可见，题干是对原文的同义转述。题干中的most likely to be the choice of subsistence farmers对应原文中的will be targeted...subsistence farmers。

41、

[解析] 注意抓住题干中的关键信息many plants have developed various tactics to cope with dry weather。文章段落中论及很多植物具备了各种应对干旱天气的技能的内容出现在E段。该段第二句指出，很多不同种类的植物已经掌握了平安度过干旱期的技能。随后又进一步说到一旦这些植物将它们储备的水源用完了，或者是将地下水源利用殆尽，它们就会停止生长，并开始走向死亡。它们可能可以应付一段时间的干旱，但是事实上它们对于消耗水源的需求从来都没有停止过。可见，题干是对原文的同义概述。题干中的to cope with dry weather对应原文中的to weather dry spells。注意，原文中用到weather作动词，意为“经受住”；题干中的tactics 属于原词重现。

42、

[解析] 注意抓住题干中的关键信息consumer resistance和pushing ahead with genetic modification of crops。文章段落中论及消费者抵制转基因食品和研究人员推进转基因作物的研究的内容出现在I段。该段第三句指出，法兰特说她知道很多人不想食用转基因粮食，但是她还是在运用所有可用的工具加以推进，直至有一种方法奏效。可见，题干是对原文的同义转述。题干中的consumer resistance对应原文中people do not want to eat；题干中的pushing ahead 属于原词重现。

43、

[解析] 注意抓住题干中的关键信息most seeds和begin growing when conditions are ripe。文章段落中论及大多数种子会等到条件成熟再开始生长的内容出现在G段。该段最后两句指出，大多数种子都能够等待不受欢迎的干旱季节过去，直到气候条件变得合适再发芽。但是这类植物一旦开始生长，似乎就无法维持其根茎或叶子新陈代谢暂停的能力了。可见，题干是对原文的同义转述。题干中的pull through对应原文中的wait out；题干中的begin growing when conditions are ripe对应原文中的until conditions are right and they sprout；题干中的held back 意为“阻止；克制”，对应原文中的hit the pause button。

44、

[解析] 注意抓住题干中的关键信息working hard和studying the traits of rare wild plants。文章段落中论及法兰特努力研究野生植物特性的内容出现在B段。该段第二句指出，她(法兰特)正在努力寻找一种办法，从那些能够适应极端干燥天气的稀有野生植物中提取特性，并将它们用于粮食作物。可见，题干是对原文的同义转述。题干中的is working hard to对应原文中的is hard at work；题干中的survive extreme dryness对应原文中的adapt to extreme dry weather；题干中的studying the traits of对应原文中的take traits from。

45、

[解析] 注意抓住题干中的关键信息adjusting their metabolism和recover from an extended period of drought。文章段落中论及复活植物调整其新陈代谢机制以能够经受住长时间干旱的内容出现在F段。该段第三句指出，当它们(复活植物)探测到会有一个较长的干旱期时，它们会转换自己的新陈代谢机制，在它们的组织中产生糖分和某些与压力相关的蛋白质，以及其他一些物质。可见，题干是对原文的同义转述。题干中的adjusting对应原文中的divert；题干中的an extended period of drought对应原文中的an extended dry period。

46、

[解析] 注意抓住题干中的关键信息come back to life in a short time after a rainfall。文章段落中论及复活植物在降雨之后很短的时间内恢复活力的内容出现在D段。该段第二句和第三句指出，在烈日当空、没有水的几个月里，复活植物枯萎、收缩，直至看上去就像是一堆枯死的灰色的叶子。但是降水可以使它们在几个小时左右的时间内恢复活力。由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转述。题干中的come back to life对应原文中的revive；题干中的rainfall属于原词重现。Section C

Passage One

47、C

[解析] 根据题干信息词compared with human memory，machines可以把答案线索定位到前三段。

文章前两段指出人类的记忆是不可靠的，根据可能拥有的熟人数量来估计，一个人可以回忆出的不同面孔的数量在数千左右。接着第三段前两句提到：机器则不受这样的。为一台合适的计算机提供一个庞大的人脸数据库，它就可以处理它所见到的所有人脸信息。即机器不受人脸数量的，可以记住无限多的人脸。故C项正确。文中并未提及机器比人类能“更有效地识别人脸”“将朋友和仅是认识的人区分开”或是“感知人眼看不见的图像”，因此排除其他三项。

48、C

[解析] 根据题干信息词create MegaFace，可以把答案线索定位到第四段第三句。

该句中的不定式To begin to figure out提示本句即答案所在。该句指出：为了着手弃清楚(To begin to figure out)计算机是如何努力(struggle)识别人脸的，华盛顿大学的研究人员创建了一个庞大的人脸数据库——他们称其为MegaFace。其中struggle的意思是“努力；艰难地行进”，结合上一句中提到的“在面部识别方面，机器仍然有其局限性。科学家们才刚刚开始了解这些制约因素是什么”，可知计算机在人脸识别方面受到一些制约因素的，识别人脸时存在问题和困难，MegaFace的创建正是为了了解计算机识别人脸时存在的问题，因此C项正确。其他三项均与创建MegaFace的目的无关，故均排除。

49、D

[解析] 根据题干信息词machine accuracy，可以把答案线索定位到第五段第一句。

该句指出：随着数据库的扩大(grew)，机器的识别精确度也在全面下降(dipped)。接下来，文章用数据说明这一结论：当处理一个拥有1.3万个图像的数据库时，算法的准确率是95%，而处理拥有100万个图像的数据库时，正确率却在70%左右。因此正确答案为D项。第五段的最后两句提到研究人员伊拉·开梅尔马切一什利泽曼对于数据库规模扩大后机器的识别精确度表示满意：“比我们预期的要好得多。”可知机器的识别精确度超出了研究者的预期，因此A项错误。B项和C项文中均未提及，故排除。

50、A

[解析] 根据题干信息词shortcoming of facial-recognition machines以及几个选项的关键词tell apart，identifying，sensitive，age可以把答案线索定位到第六段和第七段。

本题考查的是对文章细节信息的理解。第六段第一句指出，机器很难区分那些看起来非常相似的人。一方面：对于长相非常相似的人，机器难以将他们识别为两个不同的人。因此A项正确。另一方面：对于出现在不同照片中的同一个人，如果人物的年龄不同，或者灯光不同，机器就会错误地将其视为不同的人。但是文中并未提及“面部表情”和“人类情绪”，也未提及机器在区分同龄人时是否存在问题，故排除B、C、D三项。

51、B

[解析] 根据题干信息词difficulty confronting researchers of facial-recognition machines以及几个选项的关键词huge datasets，public databases，algorithms和format 可以把答案线索定位到最后两段。

倒数第二段指出：问题是……大规模的实验数据集根本不存在……还没有收录数百万人脸的公共数据库。最后一段通过研究人员所写内容——最终的人脸识别算法应该在数十亿人的数据集中进行，进一步明确了研究人员面临的困难，即目前还没有收录大量人脸样本的公共数据库，无法在这样的数据库中进行人脸识别算法测试。因此B项是正确答案。A项与文章第三段中的“为一台合适的计算机提供一个庞大的人脸数据库，它就可以处理它所见到的所有人脸信息”意思相反，因此A项错误。C、D两项原文没有提及，故排除。

Passage Two

52、B

[解析] 根据题干的信息词students funding their education through loans，可以将答案线索定位到文章第一段。

文章第一段第一句话提到：“目前美国有2150万学生，许多学生将靠贷款来支付大学学费。”

紧接着第二句话又指出：“考虑到目前有超过1.3万亿美元的学生贷款记录在册，很多学生显然不是很明智。”显然，记录在册的学生贷款数额非常巨大，通过贷款的方式去支付学费的做法是不明智的。选项B是对该部分内容的总结概括，其中irrational和原文中的far from sensible是同义转述，故选项B为正确答案。选项A和D在文中均未提及，很容易排除。选项C的干扰源来自下文中多次提到的taxpayers，虽然下文都在围绕纳税人承担大学生的大学教育费用展开，但并没有提到大学生会从纳税人的花费中获益，故该项排除。

53、A

[解析] 根据题干的信息词free college education，可以将答案线索定位到文章第二段。

文章第一段提到“免费”上大学的呼声越来越高，甚至连希拉里都认为学费将不再是人们上大学的障碍。第二段承接第一段内容，指出“大学可能免费的唯一前提是，教职工自愿奉献自己的时间，建筑大楼不需要维修，校园不需要公共设施。”显然“无投入，有产出”是不可能的，因此费用绝对是上大学的一个障碍，免费上大学是不切实际的。选项A正是对第二段内容的总结概括，因此为正确答案。其他选项在文章中都没有体现，均可排除。

54、C

[解析] 根据题干中的信息词students do和if taxpayers are to bear their college costs，答案线索可以定位到文章第四段。

文章第三段结尾处以反问句的形式提出：“如果纳税人将要承担免除学生贷款费用的成本，那么他们不应该在自己的钱如何使用上有话语权吗?”第四段承接上文指出：“至少纳税人应该可以决定大学生利用这笔学什么。如果我们要强迫纳税人承担大学生获取大学学位的费甩，那么大学生应该只学习那些对纳税人最有益处的科目。”第四段结尾又以问句的形式提出：“我们怎么知道哪些科目对社会有用呢?”第五段进一步指出：“但是如果我们谈论的是对社会的益处，那么唯一重要的事情就是这个专业可以使大学生为社会产出什么。”由此可知，如果纳税人承担大学生的教育费用，大学生应该选择对社会有用的专业，也就是选项C所说的“选择能满足社会实际需求的专业”，由此可知选项C为正确答案。选项A和B在文中没有提及，很容易排除。选项D是强干扰项，文章虽然提到让纳税人承担大学生的学费，作为交换，他们有权要求大学生学习什么内容，但并没有说他们可以参与大学管理，这是两个不同的概念，不可混为一谈，故排除选项D。

55、C

[解析] 根据题干中的信息词the value of a student's college education，答案线索可以定位到文章第五段。

文章第四段末尾提问：“我们怎么知道哪些科目对社会有用呢?”第五段第一句就指出：“平均起薪清楚地表明了哪类培训是社会需要新员工接受的。”该段最后一句也指出：“大学生产出的价值反映在雇主愿意给带来产出的大学生开出的工资上。”由此可知，平均起薪反映了大学生产出的价值，也就是大学教育的价值，选项C中的average starting salary属于原词复现，is well reflected和原文中的give a clear indication属于同义转述，故为正确答案。其余三个选项在文中没有提及，故均排除。

56、D

[解析] 本题属于主旨题，题干没有关键信息词，所以无法精确定位答案线索所在段落。这时我们可以逐一分析选项，采用排除法，最终锁定答案。

选项A的关键词是whether to go to college，全文都是围绕大学教育费用展开的，没有提及任何有关学生是否应该上大学的内容，所以该选项很容易排除。选项B的关键信息是finance the most gifted students，该选项中关于纳税人资助大学生的问题与本文的主旨高度相关，但是全文并没有提到有关the most gifted students的内容，故该选项也排除。选项C的关键词是the worth of a college education，文章第四、五段提到了大学教育的价值问题，但这只是文章的一部分内容，而且作者并未传达该问题是否有待讨论的信息，故该选项也排除。选项D的关键词是fun their own education，文章结尾部分作者明确指出，无论一个大学专业是否值得所收的学费，纳税人都没有理由为大学生的大学教育费用买单。言外之意，大学生应该支付自己的教育费用。所以选项D是正确答案。

Part Ⅳ Translation

57、A private car used to be a luxury for most Chinese. Now it can be seen everywhere in China.1Cars have become an indispensable part of people's life. People not only drive to commute to and from work but also take self-driving tours frequently.2 In some cities, the number of private cars is growing so fast that such problems as traffic congestion and parking lots deficiency have become increasingly serious. The municipal governments of these cities have to introduce new rules to limit the number of cars on roads.3Considering the worsening condition of air pollution, a growing number of people choose to buy new-energy vehicles at present. Simultaneously, Chinese government has also taken some measures to support the development of new-energy vehicles.4

[解析] 1.过去，拥有一辆私家车对大部分中国人而言是件奢侈的事。如今，私家车在中国随处可见：“过去”可以翻译成in the past，但是也可以根据其潜在含义，翻译成used to这个固定短语；“私家车”翻译为a private car即可；“奢侈的事”翻译为a luxury；“随处可见”翻译为can be seen everywhere。

2.汽车成了人们生活中不可或缺的一部分，他们不仅开车上下班，还经常驾车出游：根据英语的习惯，可以拆分为两个的句子进行翻译；“不可或缺的”可翻译为indispensable或integral；“不仅……还……”可以翻译为not only...but also...结构；“开车上下班”翻译为drive to commute to and from work；“经常驾车出游”翻译为take self-driving tours frequently。

3.有些城市的汽车增长速度过快，以至于交通拥堵和停车位不足的问题目益严峻，这些城市的市不得不出台新规，上路汽车的数量：此处可进行拆分翻译，让句子结构更加清晰，前两个分句可用so...that...句型进行翻译，后面两个分句出来进行翻译；“交通拥堵和停车位不足的问题”可以用such problems as traffic congestion and parking lots deficiency 来表达；“变得日益严峻”翻译为have become increasingly serious；“市”应翻译municipal governments；“出台新规”翻译为introduce new rules；“上路汽车的数量”翻译为limit the number of cars on roads。

4.由于空气污染日益严重，现在越来越多的人选择购买新能源汽车，中国也采取了一些措施，支持新能源汽车的发展：通过分析句子结构可知，前面两个分句和后面两个分句可以各自翻译为的句子；“由于空气污染日益严重”翻译为分词短语作原因状语，即Considering the worsening condition of air pollution；“越来越多的人”翻译为a growing number of people；“选择购买”即choose to buy；“新能源汽车”可翻译new-energy

vehicles/automobiles；“也采取了一些措施”翻译为has also taken some measures；“支持新能源汽车的发展”翻译为不定式，表示目的，即to support the development of

new-energy vehicles。