
1.Teaching Methods
2.Teaching System
3.Teaching System Chart
4.Sample Lesson Plan A
5.Sample Lesson Plan B
6.Sample Lesson Plan C
7.Sample Lesson Plan D
Teaching Methods/ Teaching System
1. Audio-Lingual Method (ALM) – The teacher shows the students the correct model of the target language and the students have to repeat it as best they can. The students learn the target language through the teacher’s model, habit and repetition. This is a teacher centered method that can be used to teach: listening, speaking, reading and writing.
Techniques: 551 – 551 can be used to teach oral vocabulary and sentence structures. The teacher says the target language 5 times and the students listen. Then the teacher says the target language 5 times and after each time the students repeat after the teacher. Finally, the teacher goes student to student and says the target language ad one by one the students repeat after the teacher. This method is effective in getting the students to speak, as each student will have heard and spoken the target language at least 20 times on average.
Inflection - Where one word in a sentence appears in another form when repeated. Teacher: “I ate the sandwich”
Students: “I ate the sandwiches.”
Replacement – Where one word is replaced by another.
Teacher: “He bought the car for 100 yuan.”
Students: “He bought it for 100 yuan.”
Restatement: - The student re-phrases an utterance.
Teacher: “Tell me not to be so angry.”
Students: “Don’t be so angry!”
The following example shows how more than one sort of drill can be incorporated into one practice session:
“Teacher: There's a cup on the table ... repeat
Students: There's a cup on the table
Teacher: Spoon
Students: There's a spoon on the table
Teacher: Book
Students: There's a book on the table
Teacher: On the chair
Students: There's a book on the chair
Etc.
2. Total Physical Response (TPR) – TPR is a teaching method based on listening and linked to physical actions which are designed to reinforce comprehension of the target language. This method can be used to make many fun and interesting games and activities. The students can learn and practice the target language by listening and performing physical actions. TPR can be used to practice listening, speaking, reading and writing.
Techniques: Any game or activity where the student is required to react or respond with physical actions to participate. The games are activities can be simple or can be made more difficult.
For example; Choosing games, Race games, Relay games, Listening games, Dictation, Action games, Instruction games, Writing games etc.
*See Sample Lesson Plan C for a common example.
3. Task Based Approach (TBA) - TBA is a teaching method that focuses on the students’ use of the target language to complete meaningful tasks to achieve a desired outcome. This method can be used to create many games and activities. The students learn and practice the target language by completing tasks. The tasks may be listening, speaking, reading or writing.
Techniques: Can be any game or activity where the student is required to use a language skill to complete a task.
For example; Guessing games, Interviewing, Data collection, Data presentation, Board game, Dice game, Speaking game, Written tasks etc.
*See Sample Lesson Plan C & D for common examples.
4. Communicative Language Learning (CLL) – CLL is an approach to language learning that emphasizes interaction as both the means and the ultimate goal of language learning. This approach is totally student centered, with the students taking on the role of the teacher and the student. CLL is used to practice listening and speaking.
The 5 main features of CLL are:
1.An emphasis on learning to communicate through interaction in the target language.
2.The introduction of authentic texts into the learning situation.
3.The provision of opportunities for learners to focus, not only on language but also on the learning management process.
4.An enhancement of the learner’s own personal experiences as important contributing elements to classroom learning.
5.An attempt to link classroom language learning with language activities outside the classroom.
Techniques: Any game or activity where the students must use the target language and other learned language to interact with other students. Most games and activities will be group based with the teacher facilitating.
For example: Role playing (each student in the group taking on a role and acting out a certain situation. Dice game, Question Ball, Interviews, Information Gap, Surveys, Pair work, Group Work, Question & Answer, Communicative Games etc.
5. Teaching System: The idea of this teaching system is simple. While other schools use 1 maybe 2 teaching methods to teach the material with very limited results, I want to incorporate these 4 teaching methods to maximize the learning result. Each method’s strengths and weaknesses are considered and each method is used in teaching where it will be the most effective.
Each method is assigned to a step of learning a foreign language:
| Teaching / Learning Step | Method Assigned |
| 1. Teaching / Learning New Vocabulary and Structures. | Audio-Lingual Method (ALM) |
| 2. Teaching/ Practicing Comprehension of Target Language. | Total Physical Response (TPR) |
| 3. Teaching/Practicing Speaking of Target Language. | Task Based Approach (TBA) |
| 4. Practice Using/Speaking Target Language to Communicate. | Communicative Language Learning (CLL) |
| Teaching System | Approach / Method | Used for: | Description / Goals | Teaching Application |
| " Teaching Target Language | Audio – Lingual Method (ALM) | - Teaching new vocabulary. - Teaching new sentences. - Teaching dialogues. - Teaching reading. - Teaching new language. | Listening and Speaking - Teacher shows correct model and students replicate. - Language learned through teacher’s model, habit and repetition. | - 551. - Oral / aural drills. - Dialogues. - Pronunciation drills. - Activities and review. |
Comprehension of Target Language | Total Physical Response (TPR) | - Target language retention and comprehension. - Reinforcement of target language. - Warm-up and review to recall previous target language. - Lesson games / activities. | Comprehension and Communication - Fun and interesting games and activities. - Language learned by listening and physical action. | - Games / Activities where students must listen and react physically to what they hear. - Action games. - Writing games and activities. |
Speaking Target Language | Task Based Approach (TBA) | - Target Language retention and comprehension. - Reinforcement of target language. - Speaking practice. - Warm-up and review. - Lesson games / activities. | Communication and Comprehension. - Teacher gives the students oral / aural tasks to complete. - Language learned by speaking the target language to complete tasks and activities. | - Games / Activities where students must speak to achieve a goal. - Group / pair work. - Tasks can be spoken or written. - Action games. - Information collection and presentation. |
| " Using Target Language | Communicative Language Learning (CLL) | - Using the language already learned in a specific context. - Speaking practice. - Give the language meaning. | Communication - Student centered activity. - Language learned by communicative and interaction. | - Role play, information exchange, group work. - Communicative games and activities. |
Date: Teacher:
Lesson #______ Week_______
1. Topic: –
2. Age / Level:
3. Time:
4. Language Skills:
5. Lesson Objective:
6. Target Language:
7. Methods:
8. Materials:
1. Warm-up:
2. Review:
3. Pre-Task:
4. Teaching:
5. Activity/Task:
6. Follow-up:
7. Homework/Assignments:
8. Notes/Comments:
Sample Lesson Plan B
Date: Teacher:
Lesson #______ Week_______
1. Topic: The topic or the theme of the lesson.
2. Age / Level: - The students age/grade and English level.
3. Time: Length of the class.
4. Language Skills: The language skill that the lesson will focus on. (speaking, listening etc)
5. Lesson Objectives: The goals of the lesson.
6. Target Language: The key vocabulary and sentence structures that will be taught.
7. Methods: The methods and techniques that will be used in the lesson.
8. Materials: The materials used or needed for the lesson.
1. Warm-up: This can be anything to get students talking, moving or active.
2. Review: It is important to review the material from the last previous class. It will greatly improve the students’ retention of the material.
3. Pre-Task: This is to introduce the topic of today’s lesson. It should grab attention and be interesting to the students and draw them into the lesson and to be willing participants.
4. Teaching: Involves the actual steps followed by the teacher in the teaching of the new material.
5. Activity/Task: A task or activity to let the students practice the new material.
6. Follow-up: This serves as a reinforcement of the content taught in the lesson.
7. Homework/Assignments: Time for any homework to be assigned or explained.
8. Notes/Comments: A reflection on the lesson such as improvements or changes that are needed.
Sample Lesson Plan C (1st Hour)
Date: July 1, 2009 Teacher: Mark Scott
Lesson # 3 Week 2
1. Topic: Animals
2. Age / Level: Grade 3 beginner/intermediate
3. Time: 45 minutes
4. Language Skills: Listening, speaking
5. Lesson Objective: Students will be able to say and write the 7 animals correctly.
6. Target Language: 3 words they are familiar with (cat, dog, fish). 4 new words (panda, rabbit, monkey, pig).
7. Methods: ALM, TPR, TBA
8. Materials: 7 animal flashcards, animal worksheet # 1, worksheet #2
1. Warm-up: All the students stand up and follow the teacher through actions and words. (Teacher says “jump” and jumps, students say “jump” and jump)
2. Review: “How old are you?” A) Have students count together 1 to 10. Then the boys count together, then the girls count together.
B) Teacher asks students “How old are you?” Teacher and students say the answer together. “I am 8 years old.” Or “I am 9 years old”.
C) All the students stand up and the teacher asks “How old are you?” students answer one by one and sit down if they answer correctly.
3. Pre-Task: Teacher shows pictures of animals or acts like an animal and students say what animal it is in English or in Chinese.
4. Teaching: (ALM) 3 animals that they know and 4 animals that they don’t know.
A) Teacher shows the 3 animals one by one and students say together.
B) Teacher teaches the 4 new animals using 551.
C) Teacher continues until each student knows all 7 animals.
5. Activity/Task: #1 (TPR) Animal Acting - Group by group stand up. Teacher says an animal, students listen and act like the animal. The teacher then shows the animal’s picture and asks the other groups if they are right or wrong. If the group is right then the group gets a point.
#2 (TBA) Guessing Game – The teacher chooses one of the animal pictures and does not let the students see. The students try to guess what animal is, group by group. Points are awarded to the groups that guess correctly. Teacher invites the students to take the role of the teacher.
6. Follow-up: Worksheet #1. The teacher and the students work through the worksheet together. * The teacher should not just give the students the answers, students should be encouraged to work with their group to find the answer.
* If enough time is remaining, students can be given worksheet #2. If there is not enough time, worksheet #2 can be assigned as homework.
7. Homework/Assignments: The teacher can assign an additional exercise as homework if needed.
8. Notes/Comments: Teacher will write down any problems or changes needed in the lesson or lesson plan.
Sample Lesson Plan D (2nd Hour)
Date: July 1, 2009 Teacher: Mark Scott
Lesson # 4 Week 2
1. Topic: Animals
2. Age / Level: Grade 3 beginner/intermediate
3. Time: 45 minutes
4. Language Skills: Speaking, writing
5. Lesson Objective: Students will be able to asks and answer about the animals that they like and don’t like.
6. Target Language: “What animal do you like?” “What animal do you not like?” “I like ___” “I don’t like ____” “I like ______, but I don’t like ____”
7. Methods: ALM, TBA, CLL
8. Materials: soft ball, worksheets #3, worksheet #4
1. Warm-up/Review: Teacher invites group by group outside the classroom. Each student chooses an animal. The students return to the classroom and act like the animal that they have chosen. The other students say/guess what animal they think it is.
2. Pre-Task: Students are given worksheet # 3. The teacher uses the worksheet to teach/explain/show the students the “plural” grammar point. (dog – dogs, cat – cats, fish – fish).
3. Teaching: (ALM) Teacher teaches the sentence “I like dogs”, and replaces dogs with the other animals studied. (I like cats, I like rabbits, etc). Students repeat each sentence 3 times.
4. Activity/Task: (CLL)(TBA) Question Ball - The teacher asks a student “What animal do you like?” and throws the ball to the student. The student answers “I like __?__” and throws the ball back to the teacher. A) The teacher invites the student to take the role of the teacher. B) The student asks another student and throws the ball, continuing until all the students have asked/answered.
** Steps 3 and 4 are repeated with “What animal do you not like?” “I don’t like ___?__”
5. Follow-up: Each group is given the “Animal Dice” and encouraged to use the English they have learned regarding animals. “ I like _____” “I don’t like ____” “I like ____, but I don’t like _____” etc.
* If enough time is remaining students can be given worksheet # 4, if there is not enough time then it is assigned for homework.
6. Homework/Assignments: The teacher can assign an additional exercise as homework if needed.
6.Notes/Comments: The teacher will write down any problems or changes needed in the lesson or lesson plan.
Worksheet #1
Worksheet #2
Worksheet #3
Worksheet #4
