
要点突破
☆重点句型☆
1. If we are to develop the world successfully, we must ...2. Among the speakers was China's then Premier
Zhu Rongji, ...
3. Not until we know more will we be able to improve the situation.
4. Had I known that ..., I would never have bought one.
5. A better understanding of the environment is necessary, as is the willingness to act.
6. ..., there is a good chance that we will see less violence and fewer wars.
7. You can pick out the important bits, for it is one thing to write a letter, another to write history, ...
8. The hurricane, with its power to sink ships and to destroy strong walls, had found this little ship in it path.
☆重点词汇☆
1. ecology n. 生态学 2. issue n. 问题 v. 签发 3. summarise v. 总结,概括
4. representative n. 代表 5. sustainable adj. 可持续的 6. access n. 接近;进入 7.rural adj. 农村的 8. violence n. 暴力 9. premier n. 总理
10. equality n. 平等 11. fairness n. 公平 12. responsibility n. 责任
13. willingness n. 愿意 14. harmony n. 和谐 15. altermative adj. 供选择的
16. defend vt. 保护 17. affect vt. 影响 18. hurricane n. 飓风
19. terrify vt. 使恐惧 20. erupt vi. 喷发 21. courage n. 勇气
22. flee vi. 逃止 23. urge vt. 催促 24. arrival n. 到达
25. sight n. 视觉;情景 26. immediately adv. 立刻 27. farewell n. 再会;再见
28. board n. 船弦 29. crash n. 破裂 30. swear v. 发誓
☆重点短语☆
1. have access to 有机会进入 2. the need for 对……的需求
3. take action 采取行动 4. take part in 参加,参与
5. spread across the world 传遍全世界6. in harmony with 与……和谐
7. put an end to 结束 8. wipe out 擦干
9. at hand 近在手边,在附近 10. knock about 接连打击.冲击;漫游
11. all of a sudden 突然地:冷小防 12. call for courage 需婴勇气
13. the other way 相反方向 14. stand on end 倒立
15. draw one's attention to 注意到 16. clam down 镇静下来
17. light up 点亮,照亮 18. in a panic 惊慌地
19. on board 在船上 20. all at once 突然;忽然
21. live through 度过;经受住
短语闯关
下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语,请你根据
汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词,每个词4分,80分才
能过关,你一定能过关,做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我
们就开始吧?
1. the United ____ 联合国 2. take ____ in 参加,参与(某事物)
3. ____ action 采取行动 4. the other ____ 另一个方向,相反
5. ____ harmony with... 与……协调,与……和谐相处
6. put an ____ to 结束 7. wipe ____ 消灭.擦洗……的内部,去除;消灭
8. ____ end直立,竖立 9. draw one's ____ (to) 吸引某人对……的注意
10. ____ hand 近在手边;在附近;在眼前 11. calm (sb) ____ (使某人)镇静,/平静/宁静
12. ____ board上船(或火车,公共汽车,飞机等)
13. knock ____ 连续打击;(浪等)冲击(船只等);碰撞,漫游,闲逛
14. all ____ a sudden 突然地,冷不防,意外地 15. live ____ 度过,经受住
16. ____ though (= as if) 好像,仿佛 17. call ____ 要求,需要
18. ____ progress取得进步 19. one ____ five 五分之一
20. ____ a / an...speed以……速度(前进) 21. ____ a secret 保密
22. pick ____ 挑选出 23. ____ one's breath 屏住呼吸
24. ____ at once 突然;同时 25. ____ the end of 在……末
☆交际用语☆
1. We must make sure that ... 2. I am all for ...
3. If nothing is done then ... 4. I can't imagine that ...
5. h would be better if we .,. 6. Is there a better way to ...
7. | dare not ... 8. He gets into a total panic when ...
9. It makes my hair stand on end. 10. She is scared to death.
11. I am frightened to death by ... 12. What terrifies me is ...
☆词汇短语☆
5. access n. 多义词,在不同的句中表示不同的意思。
1) 道路,进入的途径
This is the only access to that cave.
这是进入山洞的惟一通道。
2) access 还指“(接近,使用)方法”、“权利”等。
Hospitals should give patients the right of aeeess to
their medical records.
医院应该给患者有查阅病历的权利。
【考点3】advise 的用法
▲构词:adviser n. 顾问;导师;劝告者
▲搭配:advise with sb on / about sth 与……商量
▲句型:
① advise (one's) doing sth 建议干某事
② advise sb to do sth 忠告某人做……
③ advise (sb) + that clause (从句使用虚拟语气)忠告
某人……
④ advise sb + wh-to do sth / wh-clause 建议/忠告某人
⑤ advise sb. against (doing) sth 劝告(某人)不要……
⑥ advise sb of sth 通知或告知某人
【考点5】afraid的用法
▲ 搭配:be / feel afraid of sb / sth (觉得)害怕;担心
▲ 句型:① be afraid to do sth 不敢;惧怕(而不敢做某事本身的动作)
② be afraid of doing sth (感到有心理压力而不愿去做某事,担心会因干某事而产生某种结果)
③ I'm afraid that clause 恐怕……(委婉语气.that常省略)
④ I'm afraid so. / I'm afraid not. (作答语)恐怕如此,恐怕是这样/恐怕不会(不能)。
⑤ I'm afraid 可单独使用,在句中作插入语。
【考点1】attend的用法
▲构词:attention n. 注意力;关怀;照顾
▲搭配:① attend school 上学
② attend the meeting 出席会议 ③ attend church 做礼拜
④ attend on / upon 服侍,照料,陪同 ⑤ attend to 倾听;注意,留心;关心,照顾,护理;办理
3. content n.
1) 内容,目录
We had better read the content of a book before we buy it. 我们买书前最好看看它的目录。
2) adj. 满足的,满意的,通常在句中作表语,后接with短语或动词不定式。
Don't be content with small success. 不要有点成绩就满足。
The old man seeITis content to sit in front of the television without doing anything.
那老人似乎很满足地坐在电视机前,什么也不做。
注:作定语时应用contented。
She looked at me with a contented expression. 她带着满足的表情看着我。
【考点2】content的用法
▲ 搭配:
① be / feel (well) content with (= be pleased with / be satisfied with)对……(很)满意
②in content满足地
▲句型:
① be content to do sth 乐于做某事;心满意足 ② be content that…心满意足
7. defend vt. 为……辩护;防卫,保卫
We need some lawyers to defend us. 我们需要几个律师为我们辩护。
When a dog attacked me, I defended myself with a stick.
当一只狗攻击我的时候,我拿起一根棍子防卫。
defend 常见的搭配:
defend sb. / sth. against 保卫某人;抵御
Their duty is to defend the country against its enemies.
他们的职责就是保卫国家抵御敌人。
defend sb. / sth. from 保护……免遭……
We should defend the child from harm. 我们应该保护这孩子不受伤害。
注:defence n. 防御 如:defenee work 防御工程
defenceless adj. 无防御能力的
4. knock 的搭配
knock 构成的搭配有:
knock about (=knock round) 闲置,在场,活跃,漂泊,虐待
knock back 暴饮,大口喝掉,使花费,使吃惊,使惊奇
knock down 拆除,撞倒 knock in 敲进
knock off 下班,扣掉 knock over 打翻
knock up 敲门叫醒 knock out 打败,摧毁
He spent several years knock about Europe 他花了几年漫游欧洲。
It cost me $10 but I'll knock off 20% as it's no longer new.
这花了我十块,但我要扣除20%,因为它不再是新的。
She gets knocked about bv her husband 她受她丈夫的虐待。
The man was knocked down by a truck as he ran across the road.
这人在横马路时被卡车撞倒。
We didn't sleep well last night; we were knocked up by the policemen in the middle of the night.
我们昨晚没睡好,半夜被敲门叫醒。
【考点7】knock的用法
I. n. [C] 敲击(声)
There was a knock on / at the door. 有人敲门。
II. vi. 敲;打;击
You should knock at the door before you come into my room. 进我房间之前你应先敲门。
A bike knocked into me, but I was not knocked down. 一辆自行车撞着了我,但没把我撞倒。
▲搭配:
① knock at / on (敲门、窗等) ② knock into 撞在某人身上
③ knock...into... 把……插入……中 ④ knock…out of从……中敲出来
⑤ knock sb on the head 敲/打某人的头 ⑥ knock...off... 把……从……上撞下来
⑦ knock down 拆除;,撞倒 ⑧ knock against sb 不期而遇;偶然碰到
8. sight 作名词时意为“景观;视觉;视野”
Seeing the sun rising from the sea is a beautiful sight. 看见太阳从海上升起真是个美丽的景观。
He lost his sight in a car accident. 他在一次车祸中丧失了视力。
The train is out of sight in the distant. 火车消失在远方了。
sight 还有多种搭配,构成不同的意思。
catch sight of 看见 lose sight of 失去视力
(be) in sight 看得见 (be) out of sight 看不见
at first sight 乍一见
2. so 作替代词的用法
在动词think,expect,believe,suppose,fear,hear, hope,imagine,say,tell等后面可以用so代替所提及的名词、形容词或从句。和do连用,表示前面说到的那个动作,和be连用,指前面的名词或形容词。
-- Will it rain tomorrow? 明天会下雨吗 -- I hope so. 我希望这样。
He is a lazy boy and will always be so. 他是个懒孩子,而且总是这样。
He wants to write, but he is afraid to say so. 他想写,但他不敢说。
6. stress
1) 动词用法:表示“着重,强调”
Crawford stressed the need for more housing downtown.
科劳福着重指出了有收获住房的更大的需求。
The report stressed that students' maths skills need to improve.
报告强调学生的数学技能需要提高。
2) 名词用法:表示“压力,紧迫”;“(语音学)重音,重 读”
under the stress of poverty 在贫困的压力下 time of stress 危难之际
Stress and rhythm are important in speaking English. 讲英语时重音及节奏都很重要。
【考点6】watch 的用法
▲ 搭配:
① watch over 查看;照看;负责;监视
② watch out (for...) 注意(……);留神(……);当心
(……)
③ stop watch 跑表
【考点4】way 的用法
▲ 搭配:
① by the way 顺便说;顺便问 ② in this way = by this means 以这种方式;用这种办 法
③ in that way 那样 ④ on one's way to 往……去的路上
⑤ on the way 在途中;在路上 ⑥ way of life 生活方式
⑦ in one way or another 以这种或那种方式 ⑧ all the way 一直地
⑨ by way of 取道,经由 ⑩ no way 不行,没门儿
⑩ in no way 决不,无论如何不 ⑩ lose one's way 迷路
⑩ make one's way 艰难行进 ⑩ in a / one way 从某种程度上说
⑩ in the way 挡道,碍事 ⑩ all the way 一路上
⑤ in a strange / familiar / polite / friendly way 以(奇怪 的/熟悉的/礼貌的/友好的)方式
⑩ in one's own way 按/以某人自己的方式 ⑩ in the same way 用同样的方式
④ in different ways 用不同的方式 ③ in another way用另一种方式
⑤ make one's way 朝……走去(常指克服一定困难的行 走)
④ feel one's way (在黑暗中)摸索着向……走去 @fight one's way (杀出一条路)奋斗前进
⑤ push one's way (在人群中)挤着向……走去
▲ 句型:
① the way in which / that或省略关系词 + 定语从句 ② (be) on the / one's way to sp. / home / there
……去的路上
③ (Come) This way, please. 请这边来。 ④ (be)a long / short way away / off 离某地远/近
⑤ (be)a long / short way from sp. to sp. 从某地到某地路程远 / 近
⑥ tell / show sb the way to sp. / home / there 告诉某 人去某地(家/那儿)的路
⑦ lead (sb) the way (to sp.) (给某人)领路,引路,带路
⑧ be on the way to doing sth 即将干某事
11. do for
1)“使失败,使完蛋”(常用被动式be done for)
That young man's case is done for. 那年青人的官司输定了。
2)“设法获得”(用于疑问句中与how和what连用)
How did you do for water while erossing the desert? 当你通过沙漠时,你是怎样获取水的?
【考点4】与harmony有关的短语
① in harmony with 与……协调一致
② out of harmony with 与……不协调一致
③ in harmony 和睦,和谐
[例句] The color of the sofa is in harmony with the sitting room. 沙发的颜色与卧室的颜色很协调。
He soon found himself in harmony with his new coworkers. 不久,他发觉自己与新合作的工人们关系融
洽。
The music is out of harmony with his tastes. 这音乐不合他的兴趣。
The boys sang in harmony.男孩子唱和声。
10. put an end to 结束
put an end to 结束 bring sth. to an end 结束
come to an end 结束 make (both) ends meet 收支相抵
【考点3】“take + 名词”短语
① take action (on) 采取行动 ② take steps / measures 采取措施
③ take notes 纪录 ④ take a chance 碰碰运气
⑤ take breath 歇一歇,喘口气 ⑥ take risks 冒风险
⑦ take advantage (of) 利用;引诱 ⑧ take aim (at) 瞄准
⑨ take charge (of) 负责(处理某事,照顾某人),接管 ⑩ take effect 生效,起作用
9. take action 采取行动 take notes 记笔记
take effect 见效,生效;开始发生作用 take exercise 做体操,做健身活动
take farewell 告别,辞行 take ground 占领阵地,(飞机)着陆
take notice 注意 take office 就职 take steps 采取措施
【考点1】含“动词+out”的短语
①wipe out擦洗……的内部;去除,消灭 ②start out启程(一start off);着手进行(+t0 do sth)
③hold out伸出;提供;坚持 ④stand out显眼;突出
⑤pick out选出;分辨出 ⑥leave out省略;遗漏
⑦work out算出 ⑧die out灭绝;消失
1. become, get, grow, turn
become, get, grow, turn, 这几个词都可以表示“变
成”或“成为”的意思。
(1) become 强调变化过程的完成,强调状态的变化。
(2) get 强调造成事件的施动者的作用或变化的结果。
(3) grow 表示渐渐成为新的状态,或表示从某种状态向其对立的状态变化的自然现象,强调变化的过程。
(4) turn 指转变成为与原来完全不同的事物,强调变化的结果。turn后面接名词时常不加冠词, become后接名词时则加冠词。
2. besides, except, but, except for, apart from, in
addition to, other than
(1) besides 的意思是“除……之外还有”,该介词后面所表示的人或物等也包括在总数内。
(2) except 的意思是“不包括在内,除去”,该介词后 面所表示的人或物等不包括在总数内。
它的后面除接名词和代词外还可以接介词、副词或以that、when引导的从句。
(3) but 作“除外”的意思有一些,它只能用在no one, none, all, nobody everyone, everything, who,what, where 等之后,而except的很少。
(4) except for 表示“除外”一般是指后面所除开的内 容与前面的内容具有所属关系或后面的部分对前
面部分在细节上加以修正。如果后面的东西与前 面的东西属于同类语,则用except。
(5) apart from 既可表示 besides 的意思又可表示except for 的意思。
(6) in addition to 有besides的意思。
(7) other than 有except 的意思。
3. on board, on the board, on the hoards
(1) on board 的意思是“在船(飞机、车)上”。登机 (船)可以说go / get on board the plane / train / theship.
(2) on the board的意思是“在木板上,在布告牌上. 在会上讨论”。
(3) on the boards 的意思是“做演员,在戏台上”。
4. state, condition, situation
(1)state表“状态、状况”时,强调人或物在某种特定时期内具有的特征和所处的环境,
(2)condition 含义与state基本相同,condition 可指“形势、事态、状态”等。
(3) situation 意为“形式、情况、局面”时,强调各种情 况之问重要的相互关系以及该情况与有关人关系。
5. what's more, what's worse
what's more 表示“而且,更重要的是”;what's worse表示“更糟糕的是”,相当于worse still,to make
things worse,to make the matter worse,even worse, 作插入语用。
☆句型诠释☆
1. If we are to develop the world successfully, we must lnake surethat everyone is able to take part in the newworld we create.
如果我们想成功地推动世界的发展,我们就必须确保每个人都能加入到我们创造的新世界里来。
be + to do 在本句中表示“汁划、打算”。
这种结构还可用于下列情况
(1) (表义务) 应该做……,必须做……
You are to be back by 9 o'clock.你要在9点之前回家。
(2) (表可能) 会做……
How am I to know what has become of him?我怎么知道他的遭遇如何呢?
(3)(表命运)注定……
He came to Ix)wer.but he was to pay dearly for it;soon he was aasassinated.
他得到权利,但足却为此付出了昂贵的代价,不久他就被暗杀了。
(4)(表虚拟语气)用if...were to do...
If it were to rain tomorrow, the ceremony would be postponed.
如果明天下雨的话,典礼就会延期。
2. Among the speakers was China's then Premier Zhu Rongji, who stressed the need for equalily and fairness in the world.
在发言者中有当时中国的总理,他强调了在 世界上平等和公平的必要性。
本句中的主句部分是一个倒装句,其正常语序为:
China's then Premier Zhu Rongji wan among the speakers. 这里用了倒装语序,一方面是为了使上下 文衔接紧密,把表语提前;另一方面是为了句子平
衡,因为这里的主语很长,其后还有一个非性定; 语从句,
3. -- Not until we know more will we be able to improve the situation.
我们只有了解更多,才能去改善环境。注意掌握until的以下三种句式:
1)陈述句:
Jack didn't go to bed until his mother got home. 直到妈妈回家了,杰克才去睡觉。
2)倒装句:
Not until his mother got home did Jack went to bed. 区到妈妈回家了,杰觅才去睡觉。
Not until I began to work did 1 realize how much time I had wasted.
直到我开始工作了,我才意识到我浪费了很多时间。
3)强调句:
It was not until his mother got home that Jack went to bed.
直到妈妈回家了,杰克才去睡觉。
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognized she was a famous film star.
直到她取下她的墨镜后我才认出她是位著名的影星。
4. A better understanding of the envinmment is necessary, as is the willingness to act.
更好地了解环境是必要的,参与的愿望也同样是必要的。
as 此处的用法与so相同,承受前示从句之语。
She plays the piano, as / so does her mother. 她和她母亲一样会弹钢琴。
5. And if poverty is less of a problem and people arebetter educated,there is a good chance that we will
see less violence and fewer wars.
如果贫穷的问题有所改善.如果人们能受到更好的教育,我们身边的暴力和战争可能就会减少。
There is a good chance (that)...该句型可以表示“有可能发生某事”,chance在这里是“可能”的意思
6. You can pick out the important bits, for it is one thing to write a letter, another to write history, one thing to write to a friend, another to write for the public.
你可以择要摘取,因为写信是一回事,写历史足另一回事;跟朋友通信是一回事,为公众撰稿又是另一回事。
句型:“It is one thing to do sth.,(it is) another (thing) to do sth.” 表示“做……是一回事,做……又
足另一旧事”。在这个并列句中,后半句中的it is和thing 可以省略,而不影响原句的意义
7. The hurricane, with its power to sink ships and todestroy strong walls, had found this little ship in its path.
飓风威力无比,它能沉掉船只,推倒墙;飓风一路风驰电掣来到小船前。
英语中find,see等动词的主语有时是物。
