
考纲精解:
◆◆◆代词是用来代替名词或名词词组的词。代词是历年中考必考的考点之一。
◆◆◆考试题型以单项填空、词形变化为主。
◆◆◆近几年中考命题中,对代词的考查主要集中在人称代词的主格和宾格,物主代词以及不定代词的用法上。
知识梳理:
初中阶段学过六种代词:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词。现列表如下:
| 代 词 | 单 数 | 复 数 | ||||||
| 第一人称 | 第二人称 | 第三人称 | 第一人称 | 第二人称 | 第三人称 | |||
| 人称 代词 | 主格 | I | you | he,she,it | we | you | they | |
| 宾格 | me | you | him,her,it | us | you | them | ||
物主 代词 | 形容 词性 | my | your | his,her,its | our | your | their | |
| 名词 性 | mine | yours | his,hers,its | ours | yours | theirs | ||
反身代词 | myself | yourself | himself herself itself | ourselves | yourselves | themselves | ||
| 指示代词 | this,that | these,those | ||||||
不 定 代 词 | 修饰可 数名词 | both,either,neither,a few(一些、几个),few(几乎没有),many | ||||||
| 修饰不可数名词 | a little(一些、几个),little(几乎没有),much | |||||||
| 修饰可 数/不可 数名词 | some,any,all | |||||||
| 复合不 定代词 | something,somebody,someone,anything, anybody,anyone, everything,everybody,everyone,nothing,nobody,no one | |||||||
| 疑问代词 | who,whom,whose,which,what | |||||||
主格人称代词在句子中作主语,宾格人称代词作宾语。如:
Mr. Liu teaches us physics this term. He is a good teacher. We like him very much.
这个学期刘老师教我们物理。他是个好老师。我们非常喜欢他。
2. 物主代词的用法
形容词性物主代词只能用作定语修饰名词≥名词性物主代词不能与名词连用,可单独用作主语、宾语、表语等,名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如:
My pencil is longer than yours (= your pencil). 我的铅笔比你的长。
Their classroom is bigger than ours (= our classroom).他们的教室比我们的大。
His bike is new. Mine (=My bike) is old.
3. 反身代词的用法
反身代词在句子中作宾语、表语、同位语,反身代词也有单、复数。
妙语巧记反身代词的构成:一二用物代,第三用宾代。即:第一、二人称的反身代词是用形容词性物主代词加self/ selves构成,第三人称的反身代词是用宾格代词加self/ selves构成。
反身代词用作宾语时,常用于下列搭配:
teach (sth.)oneself = learn (sth.) by oneself (自学),help oneself to … (随便吃… ) ,
enjoy oneself… (玩得愉快),dress oneself (自己穿衣),say to oneself (自言自语),
think to oneself (心里想),by oneself (独自), leave sb. by oneself (把某人独自留下),
see oneself in the mirror (照镜子)。
4. 不定代词是代词中最难掌握的一项,主要考查各自的意义、用法以及形容词修饰复合不定代词的后置情况。不定代词的两个特点:不定代词作主语时谓语用单数;形容词、动词不定式修饰时,要放在不定代词的后面。
(1)some,any的用法:
some用于肯定句中,any用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。但是在表示征求、对方意见的疑问句中经常用some,如: Jane has some toys,but Ann doesn't have any.
詹妮有一些玩具,但是安妮一个也没有。
If you have any questions.please out up your hands.
如果你有任何问题,请举手。
Would you like some bread? 你想来些面包吗?
M ay I have some milk? 我能要些牛奶吗?
(2)a little,little与a few,few的用法:
a little,little修饰不可数名词,a few,few修饰可数名词,
little,few表示很少,几乎没有,表达否定意思。如:
They planted a few trees,but few of them are alive.
他们种了几棵树,但没几棵成活的。
He asked me for a little ink,but I had little myself.
他们问我要些墨水,但我自己几乎都没有。
(3)all和none的用法:,
all全部(三者或三者以上)。作主语时,谓语动词用复数; none没有一个人或物(三者或三者以上)。作主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。all,none后面都可以跟介词of。
(4)none,no one,nobody的用法:
none指人或物,表示三者或三者以上都不,常与of连用。作主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数都可以;no one与nobody只能指人,不能与of连用,作主语时,谓语动词只用单数;
They were all tired,but none of them would stop to have a rest.
他们都累了,但没有人想停下来歇一歇。
Nobody was at home yesterday.昨天没人在家。
(5) it和one的用法:
it一般用来指代前面提到过的那个人或物; one表示泛指,指前面提到过的那类人或物中的任何一个,其复数形式是ones。如:
Your digital camera is quite nice.Where did you buy it?
I want to buy one,too.你的数码相机真漂亮,你在哪里买的,我也想买一个。
I have three skirts. One is red,the other two ones are black.
我有三条裙子。一条是红色的,另外两条是黑色的。
(6)both;either,neither的用法:
both(两者都),either(两者中的任何一个) neither (两者都不)
掌握下列结构连接主语时谓语的情况:
both … and … +谓(复) 既…又…
either …or … +谓(就近原则) 或者……或者……,不是……就是…
neither ...nor ...+谓(就近原则) 既不……也不
……
Both of them went out but neither came back.
他们两个人都出去了,但一个也没回来。
There are many trees on both sides(either side) of the road.
路的两旁有许多树。
Neither you nor I am from China.
你和我都不是来自中国。
(7)each,every的用法:
each指两个或两个以上的人或物中的一个。every指两个以上的人或物中的一个,只能作定语,every后面不能跟of.
There are lots of books on the bookshelf,and each of them is interesting.书架上有许多书,每一本都有趣。
(8)复合不定代词的用法:
复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。something,somebody,someone用于肯定句,anything,anybody,anyone用于否定句,疑问句及条件状语从句。形容词修饰复合不定代词时,要放在其后面。如:
Don't worry.There is nothing serious with your ears.
别担心,你的耳朵没什么大碍。
(9)other,another,others,the other和the others的用法:
①other其余的,指不确定的别的人或物。不可单独使用,后面需加名词。如:
Other people went to the supermarket.其余的人去了超市。
another三者或三者以上之中任意一个人或物。
I don't like the color of this jacket,please show me another (one).
我不喜欢这件夹克的颜色,给我拿一件别的(颜色的)看看。
②another + 数词 + 复数名词 = 数词 + more + 复数名词 表示另外几个或再多几个。
③other + 复数名词 = others 无明确范围情况下,指其余的。可以构成some …,others… 一些……,其余的…… 如: There are lots of people in the park,some are boating,some are dancing,and others are playing chess. 公园里有许多人,一些在划船,一些在跳舞,其余的在下棋。
④the other两者之中的另一个(特指剩下的那一个)。可以构成搭配one…,the other …, “一个……,另一个 …”
He has two sisters.One is a doctor,(and)the other is a teacher.
他有两个姐姐。一个是医生,另一个是教师。
⑤the other+复数名词=the others,指总体除了一部分后,剩余的全部。谓语动词应为复数形式。如:
There are ten cars,six(of them)are red,the others are black.
10辆汽车中,6辆是红色的,其余的是黑色的。
例题精析:
1. She invited ____________ her birthday party.
A.you and I B.I and you C.you and me
Summary: 不同的人称合在一起使用时,一般排列为:两种或三种人称单数出现并列情况时,顺序为第二人称+第三人称+第一人称: you and I;you and he;he and I;you,he and I。 例如: You,he and I can help them finish the work in time.复数:we and you;we and they;you and they;we,you and they. 但在承认错误时,I常放在其他代词前面。例如:I and she made the boy cry.
__________must work hard and learn from each other.
A.I and you B.You or I C.Me and you D.You and I
2. ---- Who is that speaking? ---- ________________.
A.I am Ann. B.It's Ann. C.This is Ann.
Summary: 在一些特定的情景中,如打电话、敲门,说话双方都知道指代的是人时,常用it这个代词。
---“Who is _______?” ----“_________ me,Linda.”
A. it,It B. it,He C. she,She D. It,it
3.----Who is the man over there? ----He is a friend of ____________.
A. I B. mine C. me
Summary: 名词性物主代词常与of连用作定语,如: a friend of hers。双重所有格是指既有’s所有格又有of所有格的一种形式,如a friend of my father’s。
4. The weather in Guangzhou is hotter than __________ in Liaoning.
A.it B.one C.that
【答案】C
【解析】题目的意思是: “广东的天气比辽宁的天气要热一点。 ”同类物作比较,为避免重复,用that,those代替前面提到过的名词。如:.The roads in Guangzhou are busier than those in Changsha.
5. Mr. Zhang is quite busy today.He has _________ meetings to attend (出席,参加).
A.a few B.few C.a little
【答案】A
【解析】此题的意思是“张先生今天很忙。他有一些会议要参加。”答案B(few)是指几乎没有,因为是很忙,、所以去除这个答案。而会议meeting是可数名词复数,所以只能选a few。
6. Please come in and make——at home,boys!
A. you B. yourself C.yourselves D. yours
【答案】C
【解析】此题的意思是“请进来吧,男孩子们,随便坐吧。”用了boys,所以应该是用复数,而make yourself at home是招呼客人时的礼貌用语。
7. She s aid she would live in London for ___________ four or five years.
A. other B. another C. the other D. the others
【答案】B
【解析】此题的意思是“她说她会在伦敦再待4或5年。” another four or five years表示另外4或5年或再多4或5年。
例3 I believe the author to be __________.
A.he B·him C·his D·himself
答案为B. 【解析】该题中若人称代词作表语时用主格he,但作宾语补语则用宾格him。所以答案为B。
例4 You must take care _________________.
A. of yourself B. for yourself C. by yourself D. to yourself
答案为A. 【解析】英语中of yourself表示自动,for oneself表示亲自,by oneself表示单独或独自,to oneself表示独享、专有。所以答案为A。
例5 I am afraid I can't make myself
A·understand B·to understand C·understood D·understanding
答案为C. 【解析】本句含被动之意,宾语补语应用过去分词。
易错点警示:
(1) 不定代词a little,little, a few,few 的使用许多同学经常弄错,大家要从它们的词义和所修饰的名词考虑。
There is ___________ salt here. Go and buy some.
A. a little B. little C. a few D. few
[分析]:salt是不可数名词,故排除C、D,根据“go and buy some”可知道剩下只有很少的盐,故选B。
(2) it 与one易混淆。如:
----Can I get you a drink?
---- That’s very nice of you. I’ve already got __________.
A. it B. one C. that D. this
专题训练:
单项填空
( )1. You may come to my home ___________ this week __________ next week.
A. neither; or B. from; to C. either; or D.either; nor
( )2. I don't think we c an do it all ____________.
A. by ourselves B. by myself C. by ourself D. by yourselves
( )3. I don't want this shirt.Please show me __________.
A. others B. the other C. another D. the others
( )4. I can't repair the model plane ___________. Can you help _______?
A. me;me. B. myself;myself C. myself;me D. me;myself
( )5. Does your father often wash clothes __________?
A. he B. himself C. herself D. him
( )6. We study Chinese,English,maths and some __________ subjects.
A.the other B.one C.other D.another
( )7. I have two brothers __________of them are doctors.
A. Both B.All C. Either, D. Neither
( )8. The dictionary on the shelf is ________. She wrote ______ name on its cover.
A. Hers;.her;herself B. Her;hers;herself
C. Herself;her;hers D. Her;herself;herself
( )9. “Don't worry. There's _______much wrong With you.”said the doctor.
A. nothing B. everything C. very D. something
( )10. These shoes are too small.You may buy some __________ shoes.
A. another B. other C. the others D. others
( )11. I asked Jim and Bob to come to my house for dinner but of them came.
A. both B. either C. neither D. none
( )12. They are__________ the same size,so you may take _______ half of the cake.
A. at;each B. in;both C. at;neither D. in;either
( )13. Betty and John have come back,but _______students in the class aren’t here yet.
A. the other B. the others C. another D. others
( )14. ________ is the population of Shandong Province?
A. How many B. Which C. How much D. What
( )l5. She stayed there longer than .
A. anyone B. anything else C. anybody D. anybody else
( )16. ----Is this her bike? ----No,it isn't. It’s ____________.
A. mine B. my C. me D. he’s
( )17. ___________Li Ping's brother.
A.Her B. His C. He’s D.She’s
( )18. He is a boy. __________name is Wang Bing.
A.He B. His C.Her D.He’ s
( )19. ----What's this? --- _____________.
A. It's a bread B. It is a bread C.It's bread D. This's bread
( )20. The bowls are on the table. There are some eggs in ________.
A. it B. them C. the D. he
( )21. Let ________ have a look.
A. I B. you C. us D. my
( )22. Mother often sees __________ on Sunday.
A. her all friends B. a11 her friend C. her friends D. her all friend
( )23. When you see Tom and his sister,tell _____that ____ mother is waiting at the gate.
A. his;his B. her;hers C. them;their D. his;her
( )24. He wants you to talk _______ about China.
A. anything B. nothing C. thing D. something
( )25. Granny seems ill. Are you sure it’s ____________?
A. nothing serious B. anything serious
C. serious anything D. serious nothing
( )26. There are many people in the park, some are playing cards,some are dancing,and ___________ are taking a walk in it.
A. other peoples B. the others C. others D. the other people
( )27. I have two uncles,one is a doctor and is a teacher.
A. the other B. another C·6ther D. another one
( )28. _________ of us answered the phone,for we were all in the yard.
A. Either B. Neither C. An D. None
( )29. -----How many monkeys are there in the cage left? ---- _________.
A. None B. No one C. Nothing D. Not some
( )30. I had to buy ________these books because I didn't know which one was the best.
A. both B. none C. neither D. all
( )31. ---- Be careful! Don't break the bottle.Do you hear _________ I said,David?
-----Yes,mum.
A.what B.that C.why D. if
( )32. May and her sister were on holiday with a cousin of ________.
A. her B. hers C. their D. theirs
( )33. ----Where is my rubber?
---- Oh,I'm sorry. I have taken __________ by mistake,
A. your B. yours C. my D. mine
( )34. The price of my computer is different from______________ of his.
A. one B. it C. that D. this
( )35. There is ________ sugar here. Let's go and buy some.
A.a little B.1ittle C.few. D.a few
( )36. ---- Did you enjoy ___________ at the party last evening,Lily and Kate?
----- Yes. We really enjoyed ______________.
A. you;us B. ourselves;yourselves
C. yourself;ourselves D. yourselves;ourselves
( )37. Do you know ________will give us a talk?
A. who B. whom C. that D. whose
( )38. There are two new dictionaries on the table.One is mine,and _______ is Li Tao's
A. other B. another C. the other D. others
( )39 ----- Who is that speaking? ---- ________________.
A. It's me B. This is Mary. C. I’m Mary D. I am
( )40. __________ child is pleased,for_________ of them has got his own share.
A. Every;each B. Each;every C. Every;every D. Each;every one
