
(一)现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去 但它的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或 状态。
其构成: have (has) +过去分词。现在完成时常与不确定的过去时间状语,如:just, yet, before, recently, once, lately, twice等,但不能同特定的时间状语连用(in 1993, last year等)。在学习这一概念的同时,注意already,just,ever,yet,never等。already,just多用于肯定句中,ever,yet,never多用于疑问句和否定句中。
如: I have already finished my homework.我已经做完家庭作业了。
They haven't started yet.他们还没有动身。
1、因为表示的是持续的动作或状态,所以使用的动词通常是延续性动词:be, stay, study, wait, keep, have… 等;
2、使用的时间状语通常由for或since 引导,但二者后接的词有所不同:
for后常跟一个时间段,指某个动作到现在为止已持续了多长时间。
如:for three years, for half an hour等。
since 作介词,后面可以接一个时间点,如since 1980,也可以接“一段时间+ago”,如: since three years ago, since two months ago等。
since 还可用作连词,引导一个过去时态的时间状语从句。
如:We have known each other since we went to college.
3、非延续性动词不能直接和for 或since 连用,但我们可以找一个相应的延续性动词或动词短语来替换这些非延续性动词,
如: come→be, come to→be in / at, go out→ be out, leave→be away,
begin→be on, stop→ be over, buy→ have, borrow→ keep,
open→be open, close→be closed, join→be a member of,
die→be dead, catch a cold→have a cold, get to know→know,
become a teacher →be a teacher, fall asleep→be asleep, fall ill→ be ill
4、句型It is the first (second, third...) time that...的that从句中,谓语动词须用现在完成时,表示到说话时为止动作发生过几次。
如:It is the first time that I have been here.
(二)现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较
1、一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情,不强调对"现在"产生的影响。
如: He visited Guilin in 1998.
2、 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间状语连用。
如: Jill has bought a new computer.吉尔买了一台新电脑。(着重点是现在有了一台新电脑)
3、 两种时态的区分
(1)一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式,而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是"助动词have /has +过去分词"。
(2)一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002等;而现在完成时则常与just, already, ever, never等副词和these days, this week, since..., for...等表示一段时间的状语连用。
4.几点注意事项
(1)have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别:have been(to)表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”,可用于各人称;have gone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”,常用于第三人称,前者可与once ,never, several times等连用,后者则不能。
如:They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。
He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。
(2)如单纯表示一段时间,或强调一段时间,虽有since一词,也不必用完成时。如:It is two
years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。
(3)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式,已变成一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
如:I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来,我一直没有离开过这儿。
现在完成时练习题
现在完成时专项练习
一、 单项选择。
1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they ______what's happened to him .
A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know
2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
A. already B.never C.ever D. still
3、Have you met Mr Li ______?
A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago
4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .
A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written
5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .
—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
A.has changed ; well B.changed ; good
C.has changed ; better D.changed ; better
6、Li Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying
7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew
8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I______ it twice .
A.will see B.have seen C.saw D.see
9、—These farmers have been to the United States .
—Really ? When _____ there ?
A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone
10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?
—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished
C.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ; do ; finish
11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in
12、—Do you know him well ?
— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made
13、—How long have you ____ here ?
—About two months .
A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived
14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began
15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army .
A. is B. has C. will D. was
16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .
A.has gone B. went C.will go D. has been
17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been
18、The students have cleaned the classroom,_____ ?
A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they
19、_______ has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he ______ to China?
A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived
20、 His uncle _______ for more than 9 years.
A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university
二、 句型转换。
1、He has never surfed, __________ ?(改成反意疑问句)
2、They have been here _since 2000 (对划线部分提问)
____________ have they been here?
3、The old man _______ last year. He_______ _______ _______ for a year.
(die) (动词填空)
4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)
This factory_______ _______ ________ for twenty years.
5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)
Miss Gao _____ ____ _____ an hour ago.
6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .(同义句)
Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .
7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)
_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.
8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)
___________________________________________
三、 汉译英。
1、 吉姆已做完作业,他现在有空了。
2、 她还没有看过那部新电影。
3、 她去过上海。
