—GRADE FOUR—
MODEL TEST THREE
PART I DICTATION [10 MIN]
Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.
Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.
PART II LANGUAGE USAGE [10 MIN]
There are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.
11. “The boy will misspell his name, whatever you say.” The modal auxiliary verb “will” in the sentence indicates______.
A. prediction
B. insistence
C. willingness
D. intention
12. The most versatile______ embryonic stem cells, which______ discovered in the embryo at the earliest stage of development and can grow into any part of the body.
A. is, is
B. are, is
C. is, are
D. are, are
13. _______, explorers could never have found the cave.
A. But for the fissure had been spotted
B. If not the fissure had been spotted
C. Had the fissure not been spotted
D. Had not the fissure been spotted
14. Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment __________.
A. which they are happening
B. which they happen
C. they are happening
D. they have happened
15. You said the books were on the desk, but _______ there.
A. there was no one
B. there were none
C. there were no ones
D. was none
16. It’s the first time that she has been to the United States, _______?
A. isn’t she
B. isn’t it
C. hasn’t she
D. hasn’t it
17. Among the four sentences below, it is in sentence______ that the speaker merely asks for confirmation of his assumption.
A. Did anyone call last night?
B. Has the boat left already?
C. Can’t you drive straight?
D. Does he like Mary?
18. Which of the following phrases indicates a predicate-object relationship?
A. the younger generation’s education
B. the ocean’s roar
C. China’s territory
D. Renmin Ribao’s editorials
19. Which “where” in the following phrases is different from the others?
A. I wanted to return to where I was born.
B. Now, let’s talk about the country where you are studying now.
C. I found my books where I had left them.
D. Country roads take me home to the place where I cherish most.
20. _______ so few students in the classroom was unusual.
A. As there being
B. As there to be
C. For there being
D. For there to be
21. Drugs are approved only after tests have_______ that they are relatively safe when used as directed and when their benefits outweigh their risks.
A. illustrated
B. secured
C. displayed
D. demonstrated
22. If there are gender biases that make women less likely to participate, that could______ the number of people willing to take leadership roles.
A. cut short
B. cut in
C. cut into
D. cut off
23. No one wants to make friends with him, because he always keeps a______ face.
A. curved
B. straight
C. long
D. twisted
24. Already the class is______ about who our new teacher will be.
A. foreseeing
B. speculating
C. fabricating
D. contemplating
25. Don’t let her have the bag until you have seen the______ of her money.
A. look
B. sum
C. tip
D. color
26. One______ symptom of the disease is progressive loss of energy.
A. significant
B. dominant
C. prominent
D. magnificent
27. Alison______ for a while and then went to where Douglas stood with John.
A. mingled
B. tangled
C. baffled
D. huddled
28. The Space Age______ in October 1957 when the first artificial satellite was launched by the Soviet Union.
A. initiated
B. originated
C. embarked
D. commenced
29. The Tourist Board do not have the ability to enable them to______ these grand ideas into reality.
A. transfer
B. translate
C. transmit
D. render
30. Bill is an example of a severely disabled person who has become______ at many survival skills.
A. proficient
B. persistent
C. consistent
D. sufficient
PART III CLOZE [10 MIN]
Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
A. underdeveloped B. polarization C. changes D. for E. transformations
F. supplies G. relaxed H. thereby I. division J. latent
K. procedure L. direct M. therein N. worked O. in
P. process Q. developed R. lack S.
| alignments |
The roundabout and quantitative effects, however, have sometimes been significant.The new technology has led to (32)_______ in crop pattern and in methods of production. It has accelerated the development of a market-orientated,capitalist agriculture.It has encouraged the growth of wage labor,and (33)_______ helped to create or augment a class of agricultural laborers. It has increased the power of landowners, and this in turn has been associated with a greater (34)_______ of classes and intensified conflict.
Changes in status and class (35)_______ have been accompanied by changes in the distribution of income. Profits and rents have increased absolutely and relatively.The share of wages has declined and (36)_______ some instances real wages rates or the number of days (37)_______, or both, have declined. In short, an old system of agriculture,slowly or swiftly is in the (38)_______ of being destroyed by the advance of contemporary technology.
The policies that have accompanied the “Green Revolution” in many (39)_______ countries have aggravated the problems these countries face. (40)_______ of some commodities increased. The rate of growth of total agricultural production has shown little tendency to rise. At the same time, inequality has become worse, and poverty has increased absolutely.
PART IV READING COMPREHENSION [35 MIN]
SECTION A MUTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
In this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
PASSAGE ONE
The architect of the Walkie Talkie building in London has admitted that he predicted it might reflect hot sun rays to the street below but "didn't realise it was going to be so hot".
Visiting London this week, Rafael Viñoly said the original design of the building had featured horizontal sun louvres on its south-facing facade , but these are believed to have been removed during cost-cutting as the project developed.
"We made a lot of mistakes with this building," admitted Viñoly, "and we will take care of it."
The 37-storey building at 20 Fenchurch Street in London's financial district has a distinctive shape – widening as it reaches the top – which led to its being nicknamed the Walkie Talkie.
But it was this week renamed the Walkie Scorchie when it was found that the concave shape of the building was channelling the sun's rays into a concentrated beam onto Eastcheap, capable of singeing carpets, blistering paintwork and even melting parts of a car's bodywork. One cafe in the focus of the building's glare even managed to toast a baguette and fry an egg outside their shop.
"I knew this was going to happen," said Viñoly, speaking to the Guardian on Friday. "But there was a lack of tools or software that could be used to analyse the problem accurately."
"When it was spotted on a second design iteration, we judged the temperature was going to be about 36 degrees," he said. "But it's turned out to be more like 72 degrees. They are calling it the 'death ray', because if you go there you might die. It is phenomenal."
A two-storey scaffolding structure covered in netting has now been erected in the street to absorb the concentrated rays, while three parking spaces have been suspended. The developers, Land Securities and Canary Wharf group, say they are "continuing to evaluate longer-term solutions."
The architect has a track record of creating buildings that burn. His Vdara hotel in Las Vegas, with a similarly concave form, focused sunlight onto the pool terrace in 2010, hot enough to melt loungers and singe guests' hair. The glass has since been covered in non-reflective film.
"That was a completely different problem," said Viñoly, insisting he was following a masterplan that specified arc-shaped towers.
Environmentalists have commented that such "death ray" buildings could actually be harnessed as a useful power source, saying the magnifying effect demonstrates the principles of solar power tower technology. Used in Spain and parts of the US, these power plants employ a radial field of parabolic mirrors to channel sun rays towards a central focal point at the top of a tower, where the heat is stored and converted to power.
In London, he said the issue was the result of the nature of the development process in the UK, in which the architect is often sidelined.
"One problem that happens in this town, is the super-abundance of consultancies and sub-consultancies that dilute the responsibility of the designer," he said, "to the point that you just don't know where you are any more."
The developers have blamed the problem on "the current elevation of the sun in the sky," a position Viñoly seems inclined to share.
"When I first came to London years ago, it wasn't like this," he said. "Now you have all these sunny days. So you should blame this thing on global warming too."
41. We can infer from the passage that______.
A．people always nickname a building according to its outward shape
B．a designer’s ideas sometimes cannot be fully realized
C．the Walkie Talkie building has taken a toll on Fenchurch Street’s businesses
D．the Walkie Talkie building absorbs so much heat from the sun that it’s beginning to melt
42. Which of the following statements about Rafael Vinoly is NOT true?
A．He came to London to dispel public doubts over the Walkie Talkie building.
B．He was known for designing buildings that burn.
C．He was partly responsible for the problem with the Walkie Talkie building.
D．He felt sorry for the diminishing influence a designer has in London’s development process.
43. The word “iteration” in Paragraph Seven probably means_______.
A．new recruitment
B．heated discussion
C．official confirmation
D．repeated statement
PASSAGE TWO
It is a general law in politics, that the power most to be distrusted, is that which, possessing the greatest force, is the least responsible. Under the constitutional monarchies of Europe, (as they exist in theory at least, ) the king besides uniting in his single person all the authority of the executive, which includes a power to make war, create peers, and unconditionally to name all employments, has an equal influence in enacting laws, his veto being absolute; but in America, the executive, besides being elective, is stripped of most of these high sources of influence, and is obliged to keep constantly in view the justice and. legality of his acts, both on account of his direct responsibilities, and on account of the force of public opinion.
In this country, there is far more to apprehend from Congress, than from the executive, as is seen in the following reasons: —Congress is composed of many, while the executive is one, bodies of men notoriously acting with less personal responsibilities than individuals; congress has power to enact laws, which it becomes the duty of the executive to see enforced, and the rally legislative authority of a country is always its greatest authority; from the decisions and constructions of the executive, the citizen can always appeal to the courts for protection, but no appeal can lie from the acts of congress, except on the grounds of unconstitutionality, the executive has direct personal responsibilities under the laws of the land, for any abuses of his authority, but the member of congress unless guilty of open corruption, is almost beyond personal liabilities.
It follows that the legislature of this country, by the intention of the constitution, wields the highest authority under the least responsibility, and that it is the power most to be distrusted. Still, all who possess trusts, are to be diligently watched, for there is no protection against abuses without responsibility, nor any real responsibility, without vigilance.
Political partisans, who are too apt to mistake the impulses of their own hostilities and friendships for truths, have laid down many false principles on the subject of the duties of the executive. When a law is passed, it goes to the executive for execution, through the executive agents, and, at need to the courts for interpretation. It would seem that there is no discretion vested in the executive concerning the constitutionality of a law. If he distrusts the constitutionality of any law, he can set forth his objections by resorting to the veto; but it is clearly the intention of the system that the whole legislative power, in the last resort, shall abide in congress, while it is necessary to the regular action of the government, that none of its agents, but those who are especially appointed for that purpose, shall pretend to interpret the constitution, in practice. The citizen is differently situated. If he conceives himself oppressed by an unconstitutional law, it is his inalienable privilege to raise the question before the courts, where a final interpretation can be had. By this interpretation the executive and all his agents are equally bound to abide. This obligation arises from the necessity of things, as well as from the nature of the institutions. There must be somewhere a power to decide on the constitutionality of laws, and this power is vested in the supreme court of the United States, on final appeal.
44. The strength of Congress lies in its numbers because ______.
A．in numbers, there is strength
B．it controls the budget
C．it does not have to concern itself with the constitutionality of the law it enacts
D．no member can be held individually accountable for its actions
45. One difference between a constitutional monarch and the president not mentioned by the author is that the______.
A．monarch is non-elective
B．monarch has unlimited tenure
C．president has a limited veto
D．president is limited by the constitution
46. According to the passage, we can infer the tone of the author is______.
A. critical
B. objective
C. supportive
D. favorable.
PASSAGE THREE
It is hardly necessary for me to cite all the evidence of the depressing state of literacy. These figures from the Department of Education are sufficient: 27 million Americans cannot read at all. and a further 35million read al a level that is less than sufficient to survive in our society.
But my own worry today is fess that of the overwhelming problem of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence. those luxuries of domesticity and time and concentration, that surround the image of the classic act of reading. n has been suggested that almost 80 percent of America's literate, educated teenagers can no longer read without an accompanying noise (music) in the background or a television screen flickering at the corner of their field of perception. We know very little about the brain and how it deals with simultaneous conflicting input, but every common-sense intuition suggests we should be profoundly alarmed. This violation of concentration silence, solitude goes tothe very heart of our notion of literacy; this new form of part-reading, of part-perception against background distraction renders impossible certain essential acts of apprehension and concentration, let alone that most important tribute any human being can pay to a poem or a piece of prose he or she really loves, which is to learn it by heart. Not by brain. by heart; the expression is vital.
Under these circumstances. the question of what future there is for the arts of reading is a real one. Ahead of us lie technical, psychic, and social transformations probably much more dramatic than thosebrought about by Gutenberg, the German inventor in printing. The Gutenberg revolution. as we now know it, took a long time; its effects are still being debated. The information revolution will touch every fact ofcomposition. publication. distribution. and reading. No one in the book industry can say with any confidence what will happen to the book as we've known it.
47. The picture of the reading ability of the American people, drawn by the author, is______.
A. rather bleak
B. fairly bright
C. very impressive
D. quite encouraging
48. A major problem with most adolescents who can read is______.
A. their fondness of music and TV programs
B. their ignorance of various forms of art and literature
C. their lack of attentiveness and basic understanding
D. their inability to focus on conflicting input
49. The author claims that the best way a reader can show admiration for a piece of poetry or prose is ______.
A. to be able to appreciate it and memorize it
B. to analyze its essential features
C. to think it over conscientiously
D. to make a fair appraisal of its artistic value
SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
In this section, there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO more than TEN words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
PASSAGE ONE
50. What is the best title for the passage?
PASSAGE TWO
51. What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage?
PASSAGE THREE
52. What is the author’s biggest concern?
53. How does the author feel about the future of the arts of reading?
PART V WRITING [45 MIN]
Read carefully the following excerpt, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should:
·summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then
·comment on whether it is necessary to go vegetarians or not.
You should support yourself with information from the excerpt.
Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
Can Going Vegetarians Save Our Planet?
Many people are surprised to learn that livestock farming is responsible for a high level of green house gas emissions, which are known to cause global warming. One study estimates that the farming of animals causes more emissions (18%) than the world's entire transport system (13.5%). There are even more interesting statistics about the impact that livestock have on global warming. For example, nitrous oxide is almost 300 times more damaging to the climate than carbon dioxide, and 65% of the total quantity produced comes from livestock. Methane is another gas that causes global warming, and cows and sheep are responsible for 37% of total methane emissions.
However. for most of human history, cattle, sheep and goats have eaten the grass on land that is not suitable for growing crops or grain. By doing this, they convert grass that is inedible into meat and milk. Even today, sheep or goats can be the most efficient way to get food from some land. In a world where more than a billion people do not have enough food to eat, taking this land out of the food production process would create even less food security for many people. Moreover, when land is very dry or hilly, grazing by livestock often causes much less damage to the environment than growing crops
Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.
—— THE END ——
Key
PART I DICTATION
Limiting Driver Distraction
In recent years, distraction by a device integral to the vehicle has been reported/ in a large number of crashes in America. / So, US transport safety officials have made a proposal/ to limit driver distraction from gadgets built into cars. / They want distracting functions to be disabled when driving./ The new rules would cover integrated electronic devices, including mobile phones. / But electronic waring systems would be exempt from the rules. / The first phase of the plans only applies to built-in devices. / However, in later phases further steps will be taken / to limit the use of devices or systems brought into the vehicle while driving./
PART II LANGUAGE USAGE
11~15 B D D C B
16~20 C B A C D
21~25 D C B D B
26~30 C A D B A
PART III CLOZE
31~35 L C H B S
36~40 O N P A F
PART IV READING COMPREHENSION
41~43 B A D
44~46 D C B
47~49 A C A
50. How the Walkie Talkie Building in London Became So Scorching.
51. To indicate the irresponsibility of Congress.
52. The reading ability and reading behavior of the middle class.
53. Uncertain.
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