
一、词性差异
first可作为形容词、副词,偶尔也作代词;at first则是介词短语,仅作为副词使用。例如:
- first class is the most expensive way to travel.(first为形容词,作定语)
- At first we used hand tools.Later we had machines.(at first作状语)
二、用法差异
1. first的用法
first用来表示顺序,意为“首先”,常接then、next、last等词。如:
- Think first,then act.(先思考,后行动。)
2. at first的用法
at first意为“起初”,用于强调前后对比,常与but、afterwards、soon、at last等呼应。如:
- At first I didn’t want to go, but I soon changed my mind.(起初我不想去,但很快我改变了主意。)
三、其他区别
1. at first的局限性
at first除了表示起初的意思外,其他场合不常用;而first可以表示“最先”“第一次”“首要”等。如:
- Ladies first.(女士优先。)
- When did you first meet him?(你第一次见他是什么时候?)
2. at first的非固定搭配
at first并非总是固定搭配,有时first后还有其他修饰词。如:
- She was so nice a girl that he fell in love with her at first sight.(她是如此好的一个姑娘,他一见钟情。)
3. 与at last的区别
at first和at last并非反义词组,at last意为“最终”。如:
- At last the truth became known.(最后真相大白了。)
- She has at last got everything ready.(她最后把一切准备好了。)