2023高考河北英语试卷
一、阅读理解(共20题,每题2分,满分40分)
阅读下面的短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
How Does Music Affect the Brain?
Music has been shown to have many positive effects on the mind and the body. New research is showing that music can actually change the shape of your brain and affect the way you think. Here are just a few of the ways that music affects the brain.
1. Music and Memory. Have you ever noticed that a certain song can bring back a special memory or remind you of certain events? Music has been shown to be a powerful tool for memory. Listening to familiar songs can help people with dementia (痴呆) recall memories and emotions.
2. Music and Emotion. We all know that music can have a powerful effect on our emotions. It can make us happy, sad, or even scared. Research has shown that certain types of music can increase levels of dopamine (多巴胺), a hormone associated with pleasure.
3. Music and Learning. Studies have shown that students who study music perform better in school. Music seems to enhance brain areas involved in language skills, reasoning, and spatial-temporal skills, which are essential for math and science.
4. Music and Exercise. We all know that music can be a great motivator. When we listen to music while working out, we tend to exercise harder and longer. Music can also distract us from discomfort and fatigue.
So, the next time you listen to your favorite song, remember that it is not just entertaining you, but also changing your brain in some amazing ways!
1. According to the passage, what can we know about music?
A. It can make us do better in math and science.
B. It can lengthen our memory.
C. It can control our emotions perfectly.
D. It can shape our brain structure.
答案:B
(文章中第一段提到了音乐可以通过帮助痴呆患者回忆起记忆和情感,故选B。)
2. According to the passage, music can increase the levels of ________.
A. refreshment B. excitement C. emotion D. pleasure
答案:D
(根据文章第三段,某些类型的音乐可以增加多巴胺的水平,多巴胺是一种与愉悦相关的激素,故选D。)
3. The underlined word "distract" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ________.
A. discourage B. attract C. disturb D. remove
答案:C
(根据上下文分析,音乐可以分散我们的注意力,避免我们感受到不适和疲劳,故选C。)
4. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Music is not only entertaining but also harmful to our brain.
B. People with dementia can recall memories and emotions with music.
C. Music can help us get rid of discomfort but not fatigue.
D. Music has no effect on students' learning abilities.
答案:B
(根据文章第一段内容,音乐可以帮助痴呆患者回忆起记忆和情感,故选B。)
B
Mobile phones have become an essential part of our daily lives. However, the use of cell phones while driving is a deadly distraction. According to the National Safety Council, using a cell phone while driving leads to 1.6 million crashes each year!
Using a mobile phone while driving is dangerous for several reasons. First of all, it takes your attention away from the road. When you are talking or texting on your phone, you are not able to pay full attention to the traffic around you. This greatly increases the risk of accidents.
Secondly, using a cell phone while driving affects your reaction time. Studies have shown that drivers who use mobile phones while driving have slower reaction times than drivers who do not. This means that you are less likely to be able to react quickly to sudden changes in the road or to avoid obstacles.
Thirdly, using a mobile phone while driving leads to impaired (受损的) judgment (判断力). When you are talking on your phone, you are not able to fully concentrate on driving. This can lead to poor decision-making and can increase your chances of making dangerous maneuvers (动作).
To prevent accidents caused by cell phone use while driving, it is important to follow the laws and regulations of your local area. Always use hands-free devices if you need to make a call. If you must send a text message, pull over to a safe location first. Remember, using a mobile phone while driving can have serious consequences, so put it away and focus on the road!
5. According to the National Safety Council, how many crashes are caused by using a mobile phone while driving each year?
A. 1.6 million. B. 1 million. C. 600,000. D. 60,000.
答案:A
(根据第一段中的数据,使用手机导致了每年160万起车祸,故选A。)
6. What is the danger of using a cell phone while driving mentioned in the second paragraph?
A. It increases the risk of accidents.
B. It affects drivers' decision-making ability.
C. It prevents drivers from making quick reactions.
D. It makes drivers ignore the traffic around them.
答案:A
(根据第二段中的内容,使用手机会分散驾驶者的注意力,增加事故的风险,故选A。)
7. According to the passage, why can using a cell phone while driving lead to impaired judgment?
A. Because it affects drivers' reaction times.
B. Because it leads to poor decision-making.
C. Because it prevents drivers from concentrating.
D. Because it increases the risk of dangerous maneuvers.
答案:B
(根据第三段中的内容,使用手机会导致判断力受损,不能全神贯注于驾驶,从而做出糟糕的决策,故选B。)
8. What should we do to prevent accidents caused by cell phone use while driving?
A. Always use hands-free devices when driving.
B. Always stop the car before making a call.
C. Always put the cell phone away while driving.
D. Always follow the traffic rules strictly.
答案:C
(根据最后一段的内容,为了防止因使用手机导致的事故,我们应该把手机收起来,把注意力集中在路上,故选C。)