听力
本场考试难度一般,语速适中,3 篇题目为旧题。P1 考查咨询场景,是听力中最常出现的一种题型,剑桥雅思中也有很多类似的场景,考查 1 道基本功的题目,有一个答案词可能考生会略显生疏 carnival,其余答案词都较为简单;P2 为停自行车的场景,出现了地图题合单选题,和上周考试的场景颇为类似;P3 为学术场景,题型为单选和匹配,注意同义替换和干扰项;P4 为社科场景,考查铅笔的历史,答案词不难,但是有两道题为复数,考生平时在训练时一定要注意单复数。
Part 1
新题/旧题:旧题场景:咨询场景主题:国际俱乐部情况介绍题型及数量:10填空
1-10) Completion
1加入会员费用(membership fee): £ 8.5 per year
2Venue of activities: the main hall
3Dance: do not need to bring the partner
4Quality of playing music instrument
5Free meal offered every second Sundays
6Dinner: in the top floor
7Activity 1: Carnival
8Activity 2: walk for charity
9Activity 3: go swimming outdoor
10Activity 4: see the theatre
考点:基本功
可参考真题:C11Test1Section1,C8Test3Section1,C9Test2Section1
Part 2
新题/旧题:新题场景: 咨询场景主题:停自行车题型及数量:单选+地图(题量待补充)单选题关键词:
bus stop flowers native trees
地图题关键词:
lift
cycle path
考点:同义替换
可参考真题: C11Test1Section2, C11Test4Section2
Part 3
新题/旧题:旧题场景:学术场景主题:男女学生的学术讨论题型及数量:6单选+4匹配
21-26)Multiple choices
21 Why does Penny recommend a three-year placement?
Astudents can focus on research
Bmost students choose it
Cstudents can choose where to do the placement 22 What made Penny apply for one particular university?
Athe attractiveness of the course
Bthe prospect of graduate employment C the reputation of the university
23 What did Cosmo worry about?
Awhether he had enough working experience
Bwhere he could get a higher score C whether he studied in the wrong subject 24 What is Cosmo’s purpose of studying aboard?
Ato meet different people
Bto be more independent
Cto widen academic experience
25 What was Penny’s aim in her dissertation?
Aexplored both views from the debate
Bbetter understand the subject
Cknew about the fact
26 What did Penny suggest when they came to the school initially? conducted trail research in their field
27-30)Matching
Aassessed by the dissertation
Bis mainly online
Cdeliver two terms
Dthe most popular of the optional module
Ehard to sign up
Fshare with students from other courses
Gassessed by laboratory report
27Green Technology—F
28Enterprise—B
29Bio course—D
30Final **--G
考点:干扰,同义替换
可参考真题:C11Test1Section3, C14Test1Section3
Part 4
新题/旧题:旧题场景:社科场景主题: 铅笔书写的历史题型及数量:10填空
31-40) completions
Development of Pencil
History of writing instruments
Product design is often the result of 31 evolution
-the earliest humans used stones to draw on cave walls
-businessmen started to apply tools like sticks to write in wet clay tables -the early Greeks and Romans began to write with
Revolution in writing
-at first, the graphite was wrapped in 35 strings or steel
-in 1700s, graphite was put into wooden sticks
-by 10s, paint was applied to make pencils more attractive
-for marketing, people gave a popular 36 name to their pencils
Modern manufacturing process
The graphite is made into a 37 powder and clay
To make it suitable for writing, graphite was put in ovens to make it 38 hard The leads are dipped in 39 wax for smooth writing
remove unwanted base on the 40 oil; the wood applied to enclose the graphite is heated to remove
考点:同义替换,结构转换,干扰项
可参考真题:C13Test4Section4, C13Test3Section4, C15Test1Section4
阅读
本场考试两旧一新,难度比较高。第一篇是新题,讲述条形码的科学说明文,题型是典型的第一篇标配填空+判断,难度正常。第二篇讲汽车的发展历史,匹配是难度比较低的短配长,加上填空和总结单选,难度适中。第三篇也是旧新题,题目通感这个词难度就很高,话题也是比较难的心理学,对于考生来说是不小的挑战,难度比较高。
Passage 1
文章题材:说明文(科学)文章题目:条形码文章难度:★★★ 题型及数量:填空+判断参:
Questions 1-8
1device
2speed
3unreliable
4laser
5standardization
6number
7marathon
8bees
Questions 9-13
9TRUE
10NOT GIVEN
11NOT GIVEN
12FALSE 13 TRUE 可参考真题:剑桥8——TEST1 Passage1 AChronicleofTimekeeping
Passage 2
文章题材:议论文(物品发展史)
文章题目:汽车的发展历史 The History of Automobiles
文章难度:★★★★ 题型及数量:匹配(人名配对)+填空+单选参考文章:
The History of Automobiles
A
The history of the automobile begins as early as 1769, with the creation of steam engined automobiles capable of human transport. In 1806, the first cars powered by an internal combustion engine running on fuel gas appeared, which led to the introduction in 1885 of the ubiquitous modern petrol-fueled internal combustion engine.
B
It is generally acknowledged that the first really practical automobiles with petrol/gasolinepowered internal combustion engines were completed almost simultaneously by several
German inventors working independently: Karl Benz built his first automobile in 1885 in Mannheim. Benz was granted a patent for his automobile on 29 January 1886, and began the first production of automobiles in 1888 in a company later became the famous MercedesBenz.
C
At the beginning of the century the automobile entered the transportation market for the rich. The drivers of the day were an adventurous lot, going out in every kind of weather, unprotected by an enclosed body, or even a convertible top. Everyone in town knew who owned what car and the cars were soon to become each individual's token of identity. However, it became increasingly popular among the general population because it gave travelers the freedom to travel when they wanted to and where they wanted. As a result, in North America and Europe the automobile became cheaper and more accessible to the middle class. This was facilitated by Henry Ford who did two important things. First he priced his car to be as affordable as possible and second, he paid his workers enough to be able to purchase the cars they were manufacturing.
D
The assembly line style of mass production and interchangeable parts had been pioneered in the U.S. This concept was greatly expanded by Henry Ford, beginning in 1914. The largescale, production-line manufacturing of affordable automobiles was debuted Ford's cars came off the line in fifteen minute intervals, much faster than previous methods, increasing productivity eightfold (requiring 12.5 man-hours before, 1 hour 33 minutes after), while using less manpower. Ford's complex safety procedures—especially assigning each worker to a specific location instead of allowing them to roam about—dramatically reduced the rate of injury. The combination of high wages and high efficiency is called "Fordism," and was copied by most major industries.
E
The original Jeep vehicle that first appeared as the prototype Bantam BRC became the primary light 4-wheel-drive vehicle of the United States Army and Allies and made a huge leap in sale during World War IT, as well as the postwar period. Many Jeep variants serving similar military and civilian roles have since been created and kept being improved on general performance in other nations.
F
Throughout the 1950s, engine power and vehicle speeds rose, designs became more integrated and artful, and cars spread across the world. The market changed somewhat in the 1960s, as Detroit began to worry about foreign competition, the European makers adopted ever-higher technology, and Japan appeared as a serious car-producing nation. General Motors, Chrysler, and Ford tried radical small cars, like the GM A-bodies, but had little success. Captive imports and badge engineering swept through the US and UK as amalgamated groups like the British Motor Corporation consolidated the market. BMC's revolutionary space-saving Mini, which first appeared in 1959, captured large sales worldwide. Minis were marketed under the Austin and Morris names, until Mini became a marque in its own right in 1969. The trend for corporate consolidation reached Italy as niche makers like Maserati, Ferrari, and Lancia were acquired by larger companies. By the end of the decade, the number of automobile marques had been greatly reduced.
G
In America, performance became a prime focus of marketing, exemplified by pony cars and muscle cars. But everything changed in the 1970s as the 1973 oil crisis, automobile emissions control rules, Japanese and European imports, and stagnant innovation wreaked havoc on the
American industry. Though somewhat ironically, full-size sedans staged a major comeback in the years between the energy crisis, with makes such as Cadillac and Lincoln staging their best sales years ever in the late 70s. Small performance cars from BMW, Toyota, and Nissan took the place of big-engined cars from America and Italy.
H
On the technology front, the biggest developments in Post-war era were the widespread use of independent suspensions, wider application of fuel injection, and an increasing focus on safety in the design of automobiles. The hottest technologies of the 1960s were NSU's
"Wankel engine", the gas turbine, and the turbocharger. Of these, only the last, pioneered by General Motors but popularised by BMW and Saab, was to see widespread use. Mazda had much success with its "Rotary" engine which, however, acquired a reputation as a polluting gas-guzzler. Other Wankel licensees, including Mercedes-Benz and General Motors, never put their designs into production after the 1973 oil crisis. (Mazda's hydrogen-fuelled successor was later to demonstrate potential as an "ultimate eco-car".) Rover and Chrysler both produced experimental gas turbine cars to no effect.
I
The modern era has also seen rapidly rising fuel efficiency and engine output. Once the automobile emissions concerns of the 1970s were conquered with computerized engine management systems, power began to rise rapidly. In the 1980s, a powerful sports car might have produced 200 horsepower (150 kW) - just 20 years later, average passenger cars have engines that powerful, and some performance models offer three times as much power.
J
Most automobiles in use today are propelled by an internal combustion engine, fueled by gasoline or diesel. Both fuels are known to cause air pollution and are also blamed for contributing to climate change and global warming. Rapidly increasing oil prices, concerns about oil dependence, tightening environmental laws and restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions are propelling work on alternative power systems for automobiles. Efforts to improve or replace existing technologies include the development of hybrid vehicles, plug-in electric vehicles and hydrogen vehicles. Vehicles using alternative fuels such as ethanol flexible-fuel vehicles and natural gas vehicles are also gaining popularity in some countries.
Questions 15-19
Look at the following statements (Questions 15-19) and the list of auto companies or car types in the box belong:
Match each statement with the correct person A-G
Write the appropriate letter A-G in boxes 15-19 on your answer sheet.
15.The company which began the first manufacture of automobiles
16.The company that produces the industrialized cars that consumers can afford
17.The example of auto which improved the space room efficiency
18.The type of auto with greatest upgraded overall performance in Post-war era
19.The type of autos still keeping an advanced sale even during a seemingly unproductive period
A.The Ford (American, Henry Ford)
B.The BMC's Mini
C.Cadillac and Lincoln (American)
D.Mercedes-Benz (German)
E.Mazda
F.Jeep
G.NSU's "Wankel engine" car
H.Mascrati, Ferrari, and Iancia
Questions 20-26
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 20-26 on your answer sheet.
20.What is a common feature of modem cars' engine type since late 19th century
21.In the past, what did the rich take owing a car as?
22.How long did Ford's assembly line take to produce a car?
23.What does people call the Mazda car designed under Wankel engine?
24.What is the major historical event that led American cars to suffer when competing with Japanese imported cars?
25.What has greatly increased with computerised engine management systems?
26.What factor is blamed for contributing to pollution, climate change and global warming?
Questions 27
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D. Write your answers in boxes 27 on your answer sheet 27 What is the main idea of this passage?
A.the historical contribution of the Ford's mass production assembly line
B.the historical development and innovation in car designs
C.the beginning of the modern designed gasoline engines D. the history of human and the Auto industry
参:
15D
16A
17B
18G
19C
20Petrol-fueled internal combustion
21Token of identity
22 93 minutes/(1 hour 33 minutes)
23Polluting gas-guzzler
24Oil crisis
25Power
26Fuel/gasoline/ diesel
27B
Passage 3
文章题材:议论文(心理学)文章题目:通感 Synesthesia
文章难度:★★★★ 题型及数量:匹配(人名配对)+匹配+判断
参考文章(P.S.题目略有不同):
Memory Decoding
Try this memory test: Study each face and compose a vivid image for the person’s first and last name. Rose Leo. for example, could be a rosehud ( 妙龄少女) and a lion. Fill in the blanks on the next page. The Examinations chool at Oxford University is an austere building of oak-paneled rooms, with large Gothic windows, and looming portraits of eminent dukes and earls. It is where generations of Oxford students have tested their memory on final exams, and it is where, last August, 34 contestants gathered at the World Memory Championships to be examined in an entirely different manner.
A
In timed trials, contestants were challenged to look at and then recite a twopage poem, memorize rows of 40-digit numbers, recall the names of 110 people after looking at their photographs, and perform seven other feats of extraordinary retention. Some tests took just a few minutes; others lasted hours. In the 14 years since the World Memory Championships was founded, no one has memorized the order of a shuffled deck of playing cards in less than 30 seconds. That nice round number has become the four-minute mile of competitive memory; a benchmark that the world’s best “mental athletes”, as some of them like to be called are closing in on. Most contestants claim to have just average memories, and scientific testing confirms that they’re not just being modest. Their feats are based on tricks that capitalize on how the human brain encodes information. Anyone can learn them.
B
Psychologists Elizabeth Valentine and John Wilding, authors of the monograph
Superior Memory, recently teamed up with Eleanor Maguire, a neuroscientist at University College London to study eight people, including Karsten, who had finished near the top of the World Memory Championships. They wondered if the contestants’ brains were different in some way. The researchers put the competitors and a group of control subjects into an MRI ( 磁共振)machine and asked them to perform several different memory tests while their brains were being scanned. When it came to memorizing sequences of three-digit numbers, the difference between the memory contestants and the control subjects was, as expected, immense. However, when they were shown photographs of magnified snowflakes, images that the competitors had never tried to memorize before the champions did no better than the control group. When the researchers analyzed the brain scans, they found that the memory champs were activating some brain regions that were different from those the control subjects were using. These regions, which included the right posterior hippocampus , which are known to be involved in visual memory and spatial navigation.
C
It might seem odd that the memory contestants would use to visual imagery and special numbers, but the activity makes sense when their techniques are revealed. Cooke, a 23-year-old cognitive-science graduate student with a shoulder-length mop of curly hair, is a grand master of brain storage. He can memorize the order of 10 decks of playing cards in less than than an hour or one deck of cards in less than a minute. He is closing in on the 30-second deck. In the Lamb and Flag, Cooke pulled out a deck of cards and shuffled it. He held up three cards-the 7 0f spades( 黑桃), the queen of clubs, and the 10 0f spades. He pointed at a fireplace and said. “Destiny’s Child is whacking Franz Schubert with handbags.” The next three cards were the king of hearts, the king of spades, and the jack of clubs. He ran over to the bar and announced, “Admiral Lord Nelson is holding a guitar upside down over there.” By now, everyone in the pub had begun to gawk. Forty-six cards and a few minutes later, Cooke ended up outside the Lamb and Flag, where he proceeded to reel off the deck’s order flawlessly.
D
How did he do it? Cooke has already memorized a specific person, verb, and object that he associates with each card in the deck. For example, for the 7 0f spades, the person (or, in this case, persons) is always the singing group Destiny’s Child, the action is surviving a storm, and the image is a dinghy. The queen of clubs is always his friend Henrietta, the action is thwacking with a handbag, and the image is of wardrobes filled with designer clothes. When Cooke commits a deck to memory, he does it three cards at a time. Every threecard group forms a single image of a person doing something to an object. The first card in the triplet becomes the person, the second the verb, the third the object. He then places those images along a specific familiar route, such as the one he took through the Lamb and Flag. In competitions, he uses an imaginary route that He has designed to be as smooth and downhill as possible. When it comes time to recall, Cooke takes a mental walk along his route and translates the images into cards. That’s why the MRIs of the memory contestants showed activation in the brain areas associated with visual imagery and spatial navigation.
E
The more resonant the images are, the more difficult they are to forget. But even meaningful information is hard to remember when there’s a lot of it. That’s why competitive memorizers place their images along an imaginary route. That technique, known as the Ioci method, reportedly originated in 477 B.C. with the Greek poet Simonides of Ceos. Simonides was the sole survivor of a roof collapse that killed all the other guests at a royal banquet. The bodies were mangled beyond recognition, but Simonides was able to reconstruct the guest list by closing his eyes and recalling each individual around the dinner table. What he had discovered was that our brains are exceptionally good at remembering images and spatial information. Evolutionary psychologists have offered an explanation: Presumably our ancestors found it important to recall where they found their last meal or the way back to the cave. After Simonides’ discovery, the loci method popular across ancient Greece as a trick for memorizing speeches and texts. Aristotle wrote about it, and later a number of treatises on the art memory were published in Rome. Before printed books, the art of memory was considered a staple or classical education on a par with grammar, logic and rhetoric.
F
The most famous of the naturals was the Russian journalist S. V. Shereshevski, who could recall long lists of numbers memorized decades earlier, as well as poems, strings of nonsense syllables, and just about anything else he was asked to remember. “The capacity of his memory had no distinct limits.” wrote Alexander Luria, the Russian psychologist who studied Shereshevski from the 1920s to the 1950s. Shereshevski also had synesthesia, a rare condition in which the senses become intertwined. For example, every number may be associated with a color or every word with a taste. Synesthetic reactions evoke a response in more areas of the brain, making memory easier. They also create problems. “lf I read when I am eating, I have a hard time understanding what I am reading-the taste of the food drowns out the sense.” Shereshevski told Luria.
G
Anders Ericsson, a Swedish-born psychologist at Florida State University, thinks anyone can acquire Shereshevski’s skills. He cites an experiment with S. F. an undergraduate who was paid to take a standard test of memory called the digit span for one hour a day, two or three days a week. When he started, he could hold, like most people, only about seven digits in his head at any given time (conveniently, the length of a phone number). Over two years, S. F. completed 250 hours of testing. By then. he had stretched his digit span from 7 to more than 80. He had developed his own strategy for remembering based on his own experience as a competitive runner: He associated strings of random numbers with track times. For example 3,492 was remembered as “3 minutes and 49 point 2 seconds, near world-record mile time.” The study of S. F. led Ericsson to believe that innately superior memory doesn’t exist at all. When he reviewed original case studies of naturals, he found that exceptional memorizers were using techniques-sometimes without realizing it-and lots of practice. Often, exceptional memory was only for a single type of material, like digits. “If we look at some of these memory tasks, they’re the kind of thing most people don’t even waste one hour practicing, but if they wasted 50 hours, they’d be exceptional at it,” Ericsson says. It would be remarkable, he adds, to find a person who is exceptional across a number of tasks. “I don’t think that there’s any compelling evidence that there are such people.”
Questions 28-30
Which paragraph contains the following information?
28The reason why competence of super memory is significant in academic settings .....
29Mention of a contest for extraordinary memory held in consecutive years 30 An demonstrative example of extraordinary person did an unusual recalling game.......
31A belief that extraordinary memory can be gained though enough practice ......
32A depiction of rare ability which assist the extraordinary memory reactions .....
Questions 33-37
Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the Reading Passage 3 for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 33-37 on your answer sheet.
Using visual imagery and spatial navigation to remember numbers are investigated and explained.A man called Ed Cooke in a pub ,spoke a string of odd words when he held 7 of the spades (the first one of the any cards group) was remembered as he encoded it to a 33__________ and the card deck to memory are set to be one time of a order of 34__________;when it comes time to recall, Cooke took a
35____________along his way and interpreted the imaginary scene into cards.This
Superior memory still can be traced back to ancient Greece,the strategy was called
36_________which had been an major subject was in ancient 37__________
Questions 38-41
Whose Two correct letter ,A.E.
Write your answers into boxes 38-39 on your answer sheet.
38- 39,According to World Memory Championships. what activities need good memory?
Aorder for a large group of each digit
Brecall people's face
Cresemble a long Greek poem
Dmatch name with pictures and features E recall what people ate and did yesterday
Choose TWO correct letter, A-E.
Write your answers in boxes 40-41 on your answer sheet.
40-41 What is the result of Psychologists Elizabeth |Valentine and John Wilding's MRI Scan experiment find out?
A the champions' brains is different in some way from common people B difference in brain of champions' scan image to control subjects are shown when memorizing sequences of three-digit numbers
Cchampions did much worse when they are asked to remember photographs
Dthe memory-champs activated more brain regions than control subjects E there is some part in the brain coping with visual and spatial memory
参(P.S.题目略有不同):
28E
29A
30C
31G
32F
33.specific person
34.Three cards/3 cards
35.mental walk
36.loci method
37.education
38 39 AD 40 41 BE
补充词汇
与商业相关的词汇:
1.profitable 有利润的
2.lucrative 有利可图的
3.central bank 银行
4.scrutiny 仔细审查
5.regulator 监管机构
6.proposal 提案
7.solution 解决方案
8.beneficiary 受益人
9.subsidy 补贴 10. poverty 贫穷
同义替换词:
1.emphasize - concentrate - focus on - stress 强调;关注
2.tour – journey - travel 旅行
3.various – a number of 各种各样的
4.result from – arise from 由……引发
5.unpleasant – disgusting 令人厌恶的;不愉快的
6.worry – concern – scare 担忧
7.claim – say – state 声称
8.angry – outraged 生气的 9. treatment – cure 治疗 10. indication – sign 标识
写作
小作文柱状图,欧洲交通工具数量的变化大作文
In some countries around the world men and women tend to have their children later in life. Why this happened? What are the effects on society and family life?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Write at least 250 words.
题目类型:原因和影响参考思路:注意男女的原因都应该说。影响的部分要覆盖社会和家庭生活两个领域
机经版本:20150521考的原题另外还有个版本20170408,当时的原题是:In many countries, people decide to have children at a later age of life than the past. Why do you think this is? Do advantages of this development outweigh disadvantages?
提纲:为什么会发生? 1. 生活质量提高;
2. 追求职业生涯; 3. 养孩子累人;影响?
1.个人总体受益,尽管有高龄生产风险以及年龄大了没精力带孩子;
2.社会总体受损,老龄化加剧带来不良后果。
参考范文:
The reflection on our daily lives reveals the trend that people all over the world tend to have babies at an older age than before. In some families, new couples even choose to live a “DINK” (double income no kids) lifestyle, afraid of the inconvenience and arduous life after having babies.
The increasing pressure on the standards of living of young adults and the smaller housing space are most responsible for this phenomenon. Compared to the past when prices for housing and other necessities were low, the worldwide inflation has made almost everything less affordable, especially the housing in huge cities. People who live in metropolises therefore have to consider the space of their apartment and their financial status before they make such a decision. After all, no one would like their children to suffer from poverty or a lack of space to live.
Another contributing factor is the shift in conventional opinions towards child rearing. Instead of counting on their children to nurse them when they get old, people nowadays tend to believe that the real meaning of child rearing is to help them enjoy a better life. Thus, many resources including the money and energy of parents is required during their development, which makes it hard for young adults who have just begun their careers and have little savings.
Beyond its causes, this phenomenon gives rise to a number of concerns, of which the most obvious is the faster speed of the aging population. Owing to similar reasons, people nowadays tend to not only give birth to children later but also have less kids than their parents or grandparents. They will altogether worsen the age structure of the population, posing further pressure on the younger generation because they have to pay for higher insurance expenses as a result of this.
In conclusion, this widespread phenomenon owes much to the increasing cost of living and the change of conventional perceptions. As the deterioration of age structure is obviously detrimental to society as a whole, we have to sort out some solutions to boost the birthrate.