第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分37.5分)第一节(共4小题:每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
1.(7.5分)Exercising regularly not only helps you keep slim, but also improves your overall health and well﹣being. Different exercises produce different results, as they focus on alternate parts of the body.There are four broad exercise categories: endurance, strength, flexibility, and balance. Many people often only focus on one exercise type, but including all four in your workout will produce better results and reduce your risk of injury.
Endurance
Endurance exercises increase your breathing and heart rate. By doing endurance exercises,you are working to keep your heart,lungs,and blood﹣flow system healthy while improving your total fitness.Over time these activities will make everyday activities seem easier.
Strength
If you want to build up your muscles, then strength exercises,which are also known as "resistance training", are right for you. Even the slightest increase in strength can make a huge difference in your ability to carry out daily tasks. Developing strong muscles also reduces your risk of weak bones.
Flexibility
Flexibility exercises help stretch your body's muscles. This allows for more freedom of movement for other exercises and can also improve your range of motion,posture,ability to breathe deeply,and blood flow. Also, it reduces the muscle tension caused by stress.
Balance
Balance exercises help prevent falls and are especially important to older adults, helping them stay independent. Most good balance exercises are ones that keep you constantly moving with your feet on the ground. Heel﹣to﹣toe walking and standing on one foot are simple ways to improve balance.
(1)How can a person benefit most from their exercise routine?
A. By combining different exercise types together.
B. By having sufficient rest between their workouts.
C. By concentrating on one training aspect at a time.
D. By increasing the frequency of their training gradually.
(2)Which exercise types are most useful to improve a person's breathing function?
A. Strength and Balance
B. Flexibility and Balance
C. Endurance and Strength
D. Endurance and Flexibility
(3)Which part of the body plays the most important role in balance﹣related exercises?
A. Arms.
B. Legs.
C. Waist.
D. Neck.
2.(10分)The history of microbiology begins with a Dutch cloth maker named Antoni van Leeuwenhoek,a man of no formal scientific education. In the late 1600s, Leeuwenhoek,inspired by the magnifying lenses(放大镜)he used to examine cloth, built some of the first microscopes. He developed a technique to improve the quality of tiny, rounded lenses, some of which could magnify an object up to 270 times.After removing some plaque from between his teeth and examining it under a lens, Leeuwenhoek found tiny twisting creatures, which he called "animalcules"".
His observations, which he reported to the Royal Society of London,are among the first descriptions of microbes(微生物),Leeuwenhoek discovered an entire universe invisible to the human eye. He found different microbes in samples of pond water, rain water, and human blood. He gave the first description of red blood cells, observed plant tissue, examined muscle, and investigated the life cycle of insects.
Nearly two hundred years later, Leeuwenhoek's discovery of microbes helped French chemist and biologist Louis Pasteur to develop his "theory of disease". This concept suggested that disease originates from tiny organisms attacking and weakening the body. Pasteur's theory later helped doctors to fight infectious diseases including anthrax, diphtheria, polio, smallpox, tetanus, and typhoid. All these breakthroughs were the result of Leeuwenhoek's original work. Leeuwenhoek did not foresee this legacy.
In a 1716 letter, he described his contribution to science this way:"My work,which I've done for a long time, was not pursued in order to gain the praise I now enjoy,but chiefly from a strong desire for knowledge, which I notice resides in me more than in most other men. And therefore,whenever I found out anything remarkable, I have thought it my duty to put down my discovery on paper,so that the scientific community might be informed thereof."
(1)Which of the following best describes Leeuwenhoek?
A. A trained researcher with an interest in microbiology
B. A curious amateur who made pioneer studies of microbes
C. A talented scientist interested in finding a cure for disease
D. A bored cloth maker who accidentally made a major discovery
(2)The underlined phrase "this legacy" in paragraph 3 refers to .
A. the discovery of microbes
B. Pasteur's theory of disease
C. Leeuwenhoek's contribution
D. the origin of the tiny organism
(3)What does the quote from Leeuwenhoek's letter suggest?
A. He admitted that many of his discoveries happened by chance.
B. He considered his work to be central to later medical breakthroughs.
C. He was greatly concerned with improving people's living conditions.
D. He believed the sharing of knowledge was a key to scientific progress.
(4)What is the correct order for the following events?
a. Magnifying lenses were built.
b. The "theory of disease" was put forward.
c. Microbes were discovered in samples of waters.
d. Leeuwenhoek's first microscopes were successfully developed.
e. Leeuwenhoek explained his thoughts upon his own contribution.
A. a﹣d﹣c﹣e﹣b
B. d﹣a﹣c﹣e﹣b
C. a﹣c﹣d﹣b﹣e
D. d﹣a﹣e﹣b﹣c
3.(10分)Around 200 B. C, Aristophanes, an ancient Greek librarian, developed a system of marks to break up text to make it easier to read. Before this, words were often written in one long sentence without spaces between the words. Today in many languages ﹣including English﹣there is a set of rules on how to use full stops, commas and other text marks. However, some believe this is changing.Dr Robert Frost, who studies language, says people no longer use full stops and other punctuation(标点)symbols because they feel their messages are clear enough without them. So, is punctuation helpful or just troublesome?
Yes﹣punctuation is important
Punctuation is needed in order to make the meaning of written words clear. If a parent messaged to say,"It's time to eat,children", this is different from, "It's time to eat children". The second sentence would probably make you want to run in the opposite direction because it sounds as though children were on the menu. The author Jonathan Pierce argues that punctuation can be used to add drama,to break up the sequence of words and change the rhythm of a sentence. "It allows writers to make sentences more interesting so the readers do not get bored,Pierce claims. "Otherwise,the words run into each other and lose their impact. " Besides,learning the different ways punctuation marks can be used is fun. It can add a lot to the style of writing and make it clearer.
No﹣we don't need it
Punctuation. Even, if a sentence is badly punctuated. like this one: It can still be, understood. This short piece of text shows that it is the words that are the important part of the sentence,not the symbols between them. Oxford﹣based linguist Kelly Jones says,"It is the order in which the words appear that conveys the meaning,not the punctuation marks. If there is any doubt in the meaning of the sentence,people are clever enough to work out what the person is really trying to say. For instance,when people speak,they do not use punctuation and yet we can still understand each other."Also,punctuation can be confusing ﹣there are lots of complex rules to observe,and if it is used incorrectly it can cause more problems than if there were none, Punctuation simply isn't needed.
(1)What is the purpose of this passage?
A. To discuss alternative viewpoints.
B. To support one argument over another.
C. To evaluate the strength of competing ideas.
D. To outline historical development of language
(2)Who believes punctuation is necessary?
A. Robert Frost and Kelly Jones
B. Aristophanes and Robert Frost
C. Jonathan Pierce and Kelly Jones
D. Aristophanes and Jonathan Pierce
(3)In paragraph 3, the underlined part is used as .
A. a definition
B. a fact
C. an example
D. an error
(4)Which of the following can be a strong argument against Kelly Jones's opinion?
A. Punctuation adds to the effect and richness of a language.
B. Without punctuation, people would be breathless when speaking.
C. Pauses and tones in speech serve similar functions to punctuation.
D. The choice and order of words are important to conveying meaning.
4.(10分)To many people, honey bees symbolize wealth,sustainability and environmentalism. But as a honey bee researcher, I have to tell you that only the first item on that list is defensible. Although they are important for agriculture, honey bees, which are usually imported from outside the local area, also disturb natural ecosystems by competing with native bees.
For several years the media has told us that bee populations are under threat. In response to this media campaign to"save the bees",raising honey bees has become a popular hobby. But as a species,honey bees are least in need of saving. Much media attention is given to honey bees at the expense of native bees,and this has led many citizens﹣myself once included﹣to mistakenly believe they are doing a good thing for the environment by raising honey bees. Unfortunately, they are probably doing more harm than good.
"Beekeeping is for people;it's not a conservation practice," says Shelly Smith,an environmental science professor. "People mistakenly think keeping honey bees also helps the native bees,which are at risk of extinction. That's wrong."
Smith and her research team recently surveyed one thousand local people in Canada and found that they had a surprisingly poor understanding of bee types and their roles in promoting flower growth. Most people's attention is on saving honey bees when, from a conservationist's point of view,native bees are the ones in more need of support.
"To make matters worse,beekeeping companies and various non﹣science﹣based projects have financially benefited from the decline of native bee populations," Smith explains. "These companies pretend they are interested in saving bees but their actions are actually damaging the native bee populations."
The introduction of honey bees increases competition with native bee populations for food,putting even more pressure on the wild species that are already in decline. Honey bees are extremely efficient food gatherers and take over almost all local flower resources, thus leading to damaging competition﹣that is,where one species uses up a resource, not leaving enough to go around.
(1)Which statement does the writer argue for?
A. Honey bees endanger native bees.
B. Honey bees are a symbol of wealth.
C. Honey bees are important for agriculture.
D. Honey bees can defend natural ecosystems.
(2)What can be inferred from paragraph 2?
A. Beekeeping is a still﹣popular traditional hobby.
B. The media is responsible for misleading the public.
C. Citizens' attempts to protect the environment are effective.
D. The media campaign has failed to promote honey bee businesses.
(3)What surprised Shelly Smith's team?
A. Beekeeping companies' making great profits.
B. The quick expansion of bee﹣friendly habitats.
C. The public's ignorance of bee varieties and roles.
D. Insufficient attention given to saving honey bees.
(4)How does the writer develop the last paragraph?
A. By listing examples.
B. By making comparisons.
C. By analyzing survey data.
D. By explaining cause and effect.
第二节(共1小题:每小题2.5分、满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
5.(12.5分)Do you like the idea of running your own business from home? Most of you do, and the first things you say you like about it are being your own boss,having flexible hours and working In your pajamas(睡衣).(1)
Being your own boss is definitely one big advantage.(2) You must commit to work on your business regularly to make profits. If not, you will find that your income becomes non﹣existent.So, have set office hours where you productively work on building your business.
(3) Doctors' appointments and family commitments can simply be worked into your schedule. Again, you need to arrange your appointments carefully and try to book them together. This way you can get all of your running around done in one day.
Working in your pajamas may seem appealing initially. But it can also prevent you from actually getting your work done.(4) After that, just walk into your office and start your day's work. Being too casual means getting less work done on a regular basis.
In order to run a successful business from home you need to have a good mindset.(5) Taking off too many hours each week will damage your financial stability and long﹣term success. Set goals and limits on your time. Build your business first, before taking advantage of what working from home offers.
A. But it can also become your downfall without care.
B. Flexible hours are another huge plus of working from home.
C. Once it's achieved,you' ll have more opportunities to develop business contacts.
D. You may find it more efficient to get up,exercise,then shower and dress for work.
E. This includes realizing that you and only you are responsible for your own income.
F. One of the biggest drawbacks is that it is so easy to allow yourself to have excuses.
G. While these benefits sound great, the reality of working from home can be a little different.
第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分15分)第一节(共1小题;每小题15分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
6.(15分)Camogli looks like any other small Italian coastal town. The little(1) houses face the sea. The sunlight warms their beauty. But,look carefully and you'll see many things that seem(2) …but they're not.
This fishing village is full of trompe l'oeil﹣an art form in which nothing is what it appears to be. While some flowers die, others live for years. Why? Because they're(3) on the building!
Trompe l'oeil has been around for centuries.(4) , Camogli's fishermen painted their houses in bright colors and unusual designs,so that they could see their homes(5) from the water. Then,in the 1700s, it became a way to make small, simple buildings look(6) and high﹣valued.
And today? There are still many trompe l'oeil houses in villages like Camogli,but only a few artists are(7) to paint them. Carlo is one of this ever﹣decreasing band of artists who's managed to make a business out of it.
His(8) are often people who want to improve their home's(9) .But for Carlo trompe l'oeil's purpose is to bring something(10) to a new place,such as bringing the city to the sea or even the deserts to the cities.
Carlos painting style(11) the past. He only uses old﹣style paints and mixes them by hand.He does so for one reason:to protect the trompe l'oeil(12) . He also believes this art should be(13) everywhere.
Fortunately, in Camogli, local art and culture are still(14) .But remember,don't always(15) your eyes!
(1)A. colored | B. crowded | C. damp | D. wooden |
(2)A. fancy | B. novel | C. real | D. valuable |
(3)A. carved | B. pressed | C. painted | D. planted |
(4)A. Creatively | B. Mistakenly | C. Frequently | D. Originally |
(5)A. closely | B. easily | C. happily | D. hopefully |
(6)A. comfortable | B. complicated | C grand | D. harmonious |
(7)A. allowed | B. available | C. responsible | D. introduced |
(8)A. designers | B. followers | C. customers | D. partners |
(9)A. appearance | B. capacity | C. convenience | D. privacy |
(10)A. civilized | B. faraway | C. natural | D. unexpected |
(11)A. comes from | B. brings about | C. goes against | D. leaves out |
(12)A. artists | B. buildings | C. paints | D. traditions |
(13)A. accepted | B. discussed | C. learned | D. seen |
(14)A. changing | B. alive | C. diverse | D. unique |
(15)A. believe | B. block | C. widen | D. cheat |
7.(15分)A comforting cup of tea is an essential part of the day for hundreds of millions of people around the globe. Worldwide, three cups of tea(1) (consume) for every cup of coffee. To(2) (full) appreciate the ancient roots of the herbal drink, a visit to the China National Tea Museum might be in order. The institution has a long history.
(3) (locate)in Hangzhou,the museum occupies a parklike setting. Inside,various halls demonstrate the story of tea, its ceremonies(仪式) and its tools. Records of tea drinking date as far back as the(4) (ten)century B.C. in China. Originally the leaves were baked into a brick,a part of(5) could be broken off and made into a powder(粉状物). Tea spread into northern China during the Tang Dynasty; by the Song Dynasty it(6) (acquire)a loose﹣leaf production as well as the ceremonies that made its consumption(7) art form.
The art of tea extended to its fancy containers,which are(8) display at the museum.Gracefully rounded kettles date back 5,000 years;tea bowls from the Tang Dynasty have a beautiful simplicity. Today(9) (visit)can observe a tea ceremony that might be enough(10) (change) even the most passionate coffee drinker.
第四部分 写作 (共两节,满分15分)第一节 (满分15分)
8.(15分)假定你是李华,上周你校举办了首届生活技能云端展示活动,主题为"劳动创造美好生活(Work Creates a Better Life)"。请你为校英文报写一篇报道,内容包括:
1.活动主题;
2.展示内容(烹饪、急救等);
3.活动反响。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The First Online Life Skills Show
___________.
第二节(满分25分)
9.(25分)阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It took place in a teachers family. One day,Ben was playing basketball in the living room after school,when he accidentally threw the ball at a vase sitting on the shelf. The vase dropped to the floor and a large piece broke off. What made Ben more upset was that the vase was not a common decoration but an antique, which was handed down through generations from the 18th century. It was also his mother's favourite possession. To cover his terrible action, the terrified boy glued the pieces together hastily and put the vase back to its place.
As the mother herself dusted the vase every day, she naturally noticed the cracks(裂纹)that evening. To her surprise, the repair work was actually very good. At dinner time, she asked her boy if he broke the vase. Fearing punishment, the suddenly inspired boy said that a neighbour's cat jumped in from the window and he couldn't drive it away no matter how hard he tried. It raced around the living room and finally knocked the vase off its shelf. His mother was quite clear that her son was lying,for all the windows were closed before she left for work each morning and opened after she returned. However,in the face of her son's nervous eyes and the suspicious looks of the other family members. Ben's mother remained calm. She realized she shouldn't just simply blame and punish her son for lying. She came up with another idea.
Before going to bed, the boy found a note from his mother in his room,asking him to go to the study at once. The boy thought he would now be punished but, as he had already lied, he was determined to deny everything to the end, no matter how angry his mum became.
In the study, calmly bathed in the light, his mothers face showed no sign of anger. On seeing her son push open the door and cautiously enter, she took a chocolate box out of a drawer and gave him one.
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The mother said,"This chocolate is a reward for your imagination:a window﹣opening cat!"___________.
Now with some chocolates in hand, the boy's bad attitude disappeared.___________.
2021年广东省广州市高考英语一模试卷
参与试题解析
第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分37.5分)第一节(共4小题:每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
1.(7.5分)Exercising regularly not only helps you keep slim, but also improves your overall health and well﹣being. Different exercises produce different results, as they focus on alternate parts of the body.There are four broad exercise categories: endurance, strength, flexibility, and balance. Many people often only focus on one exercise type, but including all four in your workout will produce better results and reduce your risk of injury.
Endurance
Endurance exercises increase your breathing and heart rate. By doing endurance exercises,you are working to keep your heart,lungs,and blood﹣flow system healthy while improving your total fitness.Over time these activities will make everyday activities seem easier.
Strength
If you want to build up your muscles, then strength exercises,which are also known as "resistance training", are right for you. Even the slightest increase in strength can make a huge difference in your ability to carry out daily tasks. Developing strong muscles also reduces your risk of weak bones.
Flexibility
Flexibility exercises help stretch your body's muscles. This allows for more freedom of movement for other exercises and can also improve your range of motion,posture,ability to breathe deeply,and blood flow. Also, it reduces the muscle tension caused by stress.
Balance
Balance exercises help prevent falls and are especially important to older adults, helping them stay independent. Most good balance exercises are ones that keep you constantly moving with your feet on the ground. Heel﹣to﹣toe walking and standing on one foot are simple ways to improve balance.
(1)How can a person benefit most from their exercise routine? A
A. By combining different exercise types together.
B. By having sufficient rest between their workouts.
C. By concentrating on one training aspect at a time.
D. By increasing the frequency of their training gradually.
(2)Which exercise types are most useful to improve a person's breathing function? D
A. Strength and Balance
B. Flexibility and Balance
C. Endurance and Strength
D. Endurance and Flexibility
(3)Which part of the body plays the most important role in balance﹣related exercises?
A. Arms.
B. Legs.
C. Waist.
D. Neck.
【分析】本文主要讲述了运动能给你带来的各方面的好处,并对其进行了说明。
【解答】(1)A.细节理解题。根据第一段Many people often only focus on one exercise type, but including all four in your workout will produce better results and reduce your risk of injury.(很多人通常只关注一种运动类型,但将这四种运动都包含在你的训练中会产生更好的效果,并降低你受伤的风险)可知,通过将各种运动结合起来的方法,人们可以从中获得最大的益处,故选A.
(2)D.细节理解题。根据第二段Endurance exercises increase your breathing and heart rate. (耐力训练可以增加你的呼吸和心率);Flexibility exercises help stretch your body's muscles. This allows for more freedom of movement for other exercises and can also improve your range of motion,posture,ability to breathe deeply,and blood flow. (柔韧性练习有助于伸展你身体的肌肉。这使得其他运动更自由,也可以提高你的运动范围、姿势、深呼吸能力和血液流动)可知,耐力训练和柔韧性练习有助于提高一个人的呼吸系统,A. Strength and Balance力量和平衡;B. Flexibility and Balance灵活性和平衡性;C. Endurance and Strength耐力和力量;D. Endurance and Flexibility耐力和柔韧性,故选D.
(3)B.细节理解题。根据最后一段Most good balance exercises are ones that keep you constantly moving with your feet on the ground. (大多数好的平衡练习都是让你脚踩在地上不停地运动)可知,平衡度训练中腿的作用是非常大的,故选B.
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案。切忌胡乱猜测,一定要做到有理有据。
2.(10分)The history of microbiology begins with a Dutch cloth maker named Antoni van Leeuwenhoek,a man of no formal scientific education. In the late 1600s, Leeuwenhoek,inspired by the magnifying lenses(放大镜)he used to examine cloth, built some of the first microscopes. He developed a technique to improve the quality of tiny, rounded lenses, some of which could magnify an object up to 270 times.After removing some plaque from between his teeth and examining it under a lens, Leeuwenhoek found tiny twisting creatures, which he called "animalcules"".
His observations, which he reported to the Royal Society of London,are among the first descriptions of microbes(微生物),Leeuwenhoek discovered an entire universe invisible to the human eye. He found different microbes in samples of pond water, rain water, and human blood. He gave the first description of red blood cells, observed plant tissue, examined muscle, and investigated the life cycle of insects.
Nearly two hundred years later, Leeuwenhoek's discovery of microbes helped French chemist and biologist Louis Pasteur to develop his "theory of disease". This concept suggested that disease originates from tiny organisms attacking and weakening the body. Pasteur's theory later helped doctors to fight infectious diseases including anthrax, diphtheria, polio, smallpox, tetanus, and typhoid. All these breakthroughs were the result of Leeuwenhoek's original work. Leeuwenhoek did not foresee this legacy.
In a 1716 letter, he described his contribution to science this way:"My work,which I've done for a long time, was not pursued in order to gain the praise I now enjoy,but chiefly from a strong desire for knowledge, which I notice resides in me more than in most other men. And therefore,whenever I found out anything remarkable, I have thought it my duty to put down my discovery on paper,so that the scientific community might be informed thereof."
(1)Which of the following best describes Leeuwenhoek?
A. A trained researcher with an interest in microbiology
B. A curious amateur who made pioneer studies of microbes
C. A talented scientist interested in finding a cure for disease
D. A bored cloth maker who accidentally made a major discovery
(2)The underlined phrase "this legacy" in paragraph 3 refers to C .
A. the discovery of microbes
B. Pasteur's theory of disease
C. Leeuwenhoek's contribution
D. the origin of the tiny organism
(3)What does the quote from Leeuwenhoek's letter suggest? D
A. He admitted that many of his discoveries happened by chance.
B. He considered his work to be central to later medical breakthroughs.
C. He was greatly concerned with improving people's living conditions.
D. He believed the sharing of knowledge was a key to scientific progress.
(4)What is the correct order for the following events? A
a. Magnifying lenses were built.
b. The "theory of disease" was put forward.
c. Microbes were discovered in samples of waters.
d. Leeuwenhoek's first microscopes were successfully developed.
e. Leeuwenhoek explained his thoughts upon his own contribution.
A. a﹣d﹣c﹣e﹣b
B. d﹣a﹣c﹣e﹣b
C. a﹣c﹣d﹣b﹣e
D. d﹣a﹣e﹣b﹣c
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Antoni van Leeuwenhoek制作显微镜的过程以及Leeuwenhoek在观察微生物方面取得的贡献和他本人对自己贡献的看法。
【解答】(1)B.细节理解题。根据第一段中"The history of microbiology begins with a Dutch cloth maker named Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, a man of no formal scientific education. In the late 1600s, Leeuwenhoek, inspired by the magnifying lenses he used to examine cloth, built some of the first microscopes. (微生物学的历史始于一位名叫Antoni van Leeuwenhoek的荷兰制布师,他没有受过正规的科学教育。17世纪晚期,Leeuwenhoek受他用来检查布料的放大镜的启发,制造了第一批显微镜)"以及"After removing some plaque from between his teeth and examining it under a lens, Leeuwenhoek found tiny twisting creatures, which he called "animalcules".(列文虎克从牙齿间取出一些菌斑,并用透镜检查后,他发现了微小的扭曲生物,他称之为"微生物")"可知,Leeuwenhoek是一个好奇的业余爱好者,他对微生物进行了开创性的研究。故选B.
(2)C.词义猜测题。根据画线词上文"Nearly two hundred years later, Leeuwenhoek's discovery of microbes helped French chemist and biologist Louis Pasteur to develop his "theory of disease". This concept suggested that disease originates from tiny organisms attacking and weakening the body. Pasteur's theory later helped doctors to fight infectious diseases including anthrax, diphtheria, polio, smallpox, tetanus, and typhoid. All these breakthroughs were the result of Leeuwenhoek's original work. (近两百年后,Leeuwenhoek对微生物的发现帮助法国化学家和生物学家Louis Pasteur提出了他的"疾病理论"。这一概念认为,疾病起源于微小的生物体攻击和削弱身体。巴斯德的理论后来帮助医生对抗了包括炭疽、白喉、小儿麻痹症、天花、破伤风和伤寒在内的传染病。所有这些突破都是Leeuwenhoek的原创性工作的结果)"以及下一段中"In a 1716 letter, he described his contribution to science this way(在1716年的一封信中,他这样描述自己对科学的贡献)"可知,Leeuwenhoek的发现对后来的疾病理论取得了重要的突破,而他本人并没有预见到他会有这些贡献。即画线词指的是"Leeuwenhoek的贡献"。故选C.
(3)D.推理判断题。根据最后一段中"And therefore, whenever I found out anything remarkable, I have thought it my duty to put down my discovery on paper, so that the scientific community might be informed thereof.(因此,每当我发现任何值得注意的事情时,我都认为我有责任把我的发现写在纸上,以便让科学界知道)"可推知,引用的Leeuwenhoek信中的话表明他相信分享知识是科学进步的关键。故选D.
(4)A.细节理解题。根据第一段中"In the late 1600s, Leeuwenhoek, inspired by the magnifying lenses he used to examine cloth, built some of the first microscopes. He developed a technique to improve the quality of tiny, rounded lenses, some of which could magnify an object up to 270 times.(17世纪晚期,Leeuwenhoek受他用来检查布料的放大镜的启发,制造了第一批显微镜。他发明了一种技术来提高微小圆角透镜的质量,其中一些可以将物体放大270倍)"可知,a"制造了放大镜"排在第一,d"Leeuwenhoek的第一批显微镜被成功研制出来"排在第二,故排除B、D选项;根据第二段中"He found different microbes in samples of pond water, rain water, and human blood.(他在池塘水、雨水和人类血液的样本中发现了不同的微生物)"可知c"在水的样本中发现了微生物"排在第三;根据最后一段中"In a 1716 letter, he described his contribution to science this way(在1716年的一封信中,他这样描述了自己对科学的贡献)"可知,e"Leeuwenhoek 解释了他对自己的贡献的看法"排第四;以及第三段中"Nearly two hundred years later, Leeuwenhoek's discovery of microbes helped French chemist and biologist Louis Pasteur to develop his "theory of disease".(近200年后,列文虎克对微生物的发现帮助法国化学家和生物学家巴斯德发展了他的"疾病理论")"可知,b"提出了疾病理论"排第五。可知,事件的正确顺序是a﹣d﹣c﹣e﹣b。故选A.
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案。在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案,切忌胡乱猜测,一定要做到有理有据。
3.(10分)Around 200 B. C, Aristophanes, an ancient Greek librarian, developed a system of marks to break up text to make it easier to read. Before this, words were often written in one long sentence without spaces between the words. Today in many languages ﹣including English﹣there is a set of rules on how to use full stops, commas and other text marks. However, some believe this is changing.Dr Robert Frost, who studies language, says people no longer use full stops and other punctuation(标点)symbols because they feel their messages are clear enough without them. So, is punctuation helpful or just troublesome?
Yes﹣punctuation is important
Punctuation is needed in order to make the meaning of written words clear. If a parent messaged to say,"It's time to eat,children", this is different from, "It's time to eat children". The second sentence would probably make you want to run in the opposite direction because it sounds as though children were on the menu. The author Jonathan Pierce argues that punctuation can be used to add drama,to break up the sequence of words and change the rhythm of a sentence. "It allows writers to make sentences more interesting so the readers do not get bored,Pierce claims. "Otherwise,the words run into each other and lose their impact. " Besides,learning the different ways punctuation marks can be used is fun. It can add a lot to the style of writing and make it clearer.
No﹣we don't need it
Punctuation. Even, if a sentence is badly punctuated. like this one: It can still be, understood. This short piece of text shows that it is the words that are the important part of the sentence,not the symbols between them. Oxford﹣based linguist Kelly Jones says,"It is the order in which the words appear that conveys the meaning,not the punctuation marks. If there is any doubt in the meaning of the sentence,people are clever enough to work out what the person is really trying to say. For instance,when people speak,they do not use punctuation and yet we can still understand each other."Also,punctuation can be confusing ﹣there are lots of complex rules to observe,and if it is used incorrectly it can cause more problems than if there were none, Punctuation simply isn't needed.
(1)What is the purpose of this passage? A
A. To discuss alternative viewpoints.
B. To support one argument over another.
C. To evaluate the strength of competing ideas.
D. To outline historical development of language
(2)Who believes punctuation is necessary? D
A. Robert Frost and Kelly Jones
B. Aristophanes and Robert Frost
C. Jonathan Pierce and Kelly Jones
D. Aristophanes and Jonathan Pierce
(3)In paragraph 3, the underlined part is used as C .
A. a definition
B. a fact
C. an example
D. an error
(4)Which of the following can be a strong argument against Kelly Jones's opinion? C
A. Punctuation adds to the effect and richness of a language.
B. Without punctuation, people would be breathless when speaking.
C. Pauses and tones in speech serve similar functions to punctuation.
D. The choice and order of words are important to conveying meaning.
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了标点符号的发明历史以及从支持和反对两个方面论述了人们对于需不需要使用标点符号的看法。
【解答】(1)A.目的意图题。根据第一段中"So, is punctuation helpful or just troublesome? (那么,标点符号是有用的还是麻烦的呢?)"结合文章从支持和反对两个方面论述了人们对于需不需要使用标点符号的看法,可推知,这篇文章的目的是讨论不同的观点。故选A.
(2)D. 细节理解题。根据第一段中"Around 200 B. C, Aristophanes, an ancient Greek librarian, developed a system of marks to break up text to make it easier to read. (大约在公元前200年,古希腊图书管理员Aristophanes发明了一种标记系统,将文本分解,使其更易于阅读)"以及第二段中"The author Jonathan Pierce argues that punctuation can be used to add drama, to break up the sequence of words and change the rhythm of a sentence. "It allows writers to make sentences more interesting so the readers do not get bored," Pierce claims. "Otherwise, the words run into each other and lose their impact."(作者Jonathan Pierce认为,标点可以用来增加戏剧效果,打破词语的顺序,改变句子的节奏。Pierce称:"这能让作者把句子写得更有趣,这样读者就不会感到无聊。"否则,这些词互相碰撞就会失去它们的影响力。")"可知,Aristophanes和Jonathan Pierce认为标点是必要的。故选D.
(3)C. 推理判断题。根据第三段中"Punctuation. Even if a sentence is badly punctuated, like this one: It can still be, understood. This short piece of text shows that it is the words that are the important part of the sentence, not the symbols between them. (标点符号。即使一个句子标点符号用得不好,就像下面这句话:它仍然可以,被理解。这段简短的文字表明,单词才是句子的重要组成部分,而不是它们之间的符号)"可推知,在第三段中,下划线部分是一个例子。A. a definition定义;B. a fact事实;C. an example一个例子;D. an error错误。故选C.
(4)C. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中"Oxford﹣based linguist Kelly Jones says, "It is the order in which the words appear that conveys the meaning, not the punctuation marks. If there is any doubt in the meaning of the sentence, people are clever enough to work out what the person is really trying to say. For instance, when people speak, they do not use punctuation and yet we can still understand each other."(牛津大学的语言学家Kelly Jones说:"单词出现的顺序,而不是标点符号,就能传达意思。如果对这句话的意思有任何疑问,人们能聪明得理解这个人真正想说什么。例如,当人们说话时,他们不使用标点符号,但我们仍然可以理解对方。")"可推知,Kelly Jones认为标点符号没有必要,因为人们说话不使用标点符合也可以传达意思,结合选项可知C选项"说话中的停顿和声调与标点的作用相似"的观点可以有力地反驳Kelly Jones的观点。故选C.
【点评】1.直接信息题:
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息,选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。
2.间接信息题:
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息,但在语言表达上与原文有差异,做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。
3.综合信息题:
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话,可能是原文的几句话,或者是散落在文章不同的地方,要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析,而不能断章取义。
4.(10分)To many people, honey bees symbolize wealth,sustainability and environmentalism. But as a honey bee researcher, I have to tell you that only the first item on that list is defensible. Although they are important for agriculture, honey bees, which are usually imported from outside the local area, also disturb natural ecosystems by competing with native bees.
For several years the media has told us that bee populations are under threat. In response to this media campaign to"save the bees",raising honey bees has become a popular hobby. But as a species,honey bees are least in need of saving. Much media attention is given to honey bees at the expense of native bees,and this has led many citizens﹣myself once included﹣to mistakenly believe they are doing a good thing for the environment by raising honey bees. Unfortunately, they are probably doing more harm than good.
"Beekeeping is for people;it's not a conservation practice," says Shelly Smith,an environmental science professor. "People mistakenly think keeping honey bees also helps the native bees,which are at risk of extinction. That's wrong."
Smith and her research team recently surveyed one thousand local people in Canada and found that they had a surprisingly poor understanding of bee types and their roles in promoting flower growth. Most people's attention is on saving honey bees when, from a conservationist's point of view,native bees are the ones in more need of support.
"To make matters worse,beekeeping companies and various non﹣science﹣based projects have financially benefited from the decline of native bee populations," Smith explains. "These companies pretend they are interested in saving bees but their actions are actually damaging the native bee populations."
The introduction of honey bees increases competition with native bee populations for food,putting even more pressure on the wild species that are already in decline. Honey bees are extremely efficient food gatherers and take over almost all local flower resources, thus leading to damaging competition﹣that is,where one species uses up a resource, not leaving enough to go around.
(1)Which statement does the writer argue for? A
A. Honey bees endanger native bees.
B. Honey bees are a symbol of wealth.
C. Honey bees are important for agriculture.
D. Honey bees can defend natural ecosystems.
(2)What can be inferred from paragraph 2?
A. Beekeeping is a still﹣popular traditional hobby.
B. The media is responsible for misleading the public.
C. Citizens' attempts to protect the environment are effective.
D. The media campaign has failed to promote honey bee businesses.
(3)What surprised Shelly Smith's team? C
A. Beekeeping companies' making great profits.
B. The quick expansion of bee﹣friendly habitats.
C. The public's ignorance of bee varieties and roles.
D. Insufficient attention given to saving honey bees.
(4)How does the writer develop the last paragraph? D
A. By listing examples.
B. By making comparisons.
C. By analyzing survey data.
D. By explaining cause and effect.
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章介绍了如今养蜂在美国人中非常流行,但研究表明,对蜜蜂的错误热情很可能对野生蜜蜂造成损害。
【解答】(1)A.细节理解题。根据第二段的"But as a species, honey bees are least in need of saving. Much media attention is given to honey bees at the expense of native bees, and this has led many citizens﹣myself once included﹣to mistakenly believe they are doing a good thing for the environment by raising honey bees. Unfortunately, they are probably doing more harm than good.( 但是作为一个物种,蜜蜂是最不需要拯救的。媒体的关注不成比例地覆盖了它们,而忽略了本地传粉者,而且含糊不清的信息让许多市民(包括我自己在内)相信,戴上养蜂人的面纱是在为环境做好事。不幸的是,它们可能弊大于利。)"以及第三段的"People mistakenly think keeping honey bees also helps the native bees, which are at risk of extinction. That's wrong.( 人们错误地认为饲养蜜蜂或帮助蜜蜂是在某种程度上帮助本土蜜蜂,因为它们面临灭绝的危险。那是错误的)"可推断,作者认为蜜蜂不需要拯救,这样反而忽略了本土蜜蜂,并不会帮助本土蜜蜂,因此推断养蜂会危及本地蜜蜂。故选A.
(2)B.推理判断题。根据第二段"Much media attention is given to honey bees at the expense of native bees, and this has led many citizens﹣myself once included﹣to mistakenly believe they are doing a good thing for the environment by raising honey bees. Unfortunately, they are probably doing more harm than good.( 媒体的关注不成比例地覆盖了它们,而忽略了本地传粉者,而且含糊不清的信息让许多市民(包括我自己在内)相信,戴上养蜂人的面纱是在为环境做好事。不幸的是,它们可能弊大于利。)"可推断,媒体应该为误导公众负责任。故选B.
(3)C.细节理解题。根据第四段的"Smith and her research team recently surveyed one thousand local people in Canada and found that they had a surprisingly poor understanding of bee types and their roles in promoting flower growth.(史密斯和她的研究团队最近调查了1000名加拿大当地人,发现他们对蜜蜂类型和它们在促进花朵生长中的作用的了解非常少)"可知,史密斯团队对公众对蜜蜂的种类和作用的无知感到吃惊。故选C.
(4)D.写作手法题。根据最后一段的内容"The introduction of honey bees increases competition with native bee populations for food, putting even more pressure on the wild species that are already in decline. Honey bees are extremely efficient food gatherers and take over almost all local flower resources, thus leading to damaging competition﹣that is, where one species uses up a resource, not leaving enough to go around.(蜜蜂的引入加剧了与本土蜜蜂争夺食物的竞争,给已经在减少的野生物种带来了更大的压力。蜜蜂是非常高效的食物采集者,它们几乎占据了当地所有的花资源,从而导致了破坏性的竞争,也就是说,一个物种用光了一种资源,没有留下足够的资源供其他物种使用。)"可推断,作者通过分析因果关系解释了引进的蜜蜂与本土蜜蜂之间的竞争。故选D.
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案。在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案,切忌胡乱猜测,一定要做到有理有据。
第二节(共1小题:每小题2.5分、满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
5.(12.5分)Do you like the idea of running your own business from home? Most of you do, and the first things you say you like about it are being your own boss,having flexible hours and working In your pajamas(睡衣).(1) G
Being your own boss is definitely one big advantage.(2) A You must commit to work on your business regularly to make profits. If not, you will find that your income becomes non﹣existent.So, have set office hours where you productively work on building your business.
(3) Doctors' appointments and family commitments can simply be worked into your schedule. Again, you need to arrange your appointments carefully and try to book them together. This way you can get all of your running around done in one day.
Working in your pajamas may seem appealing initially. But it can also prevent you from actually getting your work done.(4) D After that, just walk into your office and start your day's work. Being too casual means getting less work done on a regular basis.
In order to run a successful business from home you need to have a good mindset.(5) E Taking off too many hours each week will damage your financial stability and long﹣term success. Set goals and limits on your time. Build your business first, before taking advantage of what working from home offers.
A. But it can also become your downfall without care.
B. Flexible hours are another huge plus of working from home.
C. Once it's achieved,you' ll have more opportunities to develop business contacts.
D. You may find it more efficient to get up,exercise,then shower and dress for work.
E. This includes realizing that you and only you are responsible for your own income.
F. One of the biggest drawbacks is that it is so easy to allow yourself to have excuses.
G. While these benefits sound great, the reality of working from home can be a little different.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在家经营公司的好处和需要注意的事项。
【解答】(1)G.推理判断题。根据上文Do you like the idea of running your own business from home?Most of you do,and the first things you say you like about it are being your own boss,having flexible hours and working In your pajamas(你喜欢在家经营自己的公司吗?大多数人都是这样的,而且你喜欢的第一件事就是做自己的老板,有灵活的工作时间,穿着睡衣工作)结合后文提到了一些在家工作的实际情况,可知本句与上文构成转折,说明虽然在家工作有好处,但是现实情况可能有点不同。故G项"虽然这些好处听起来不错 ,但在家工作的现实情况可能有点不同"符合语境,故选G.
(2)A.细节推断题。根据上文Being your own boss is definitely one big advantage(做自己的老板绝对是一个很大的优势)以及后文You must commit to work on your business regularly to make profits.If not,you will find that your income becomes non﹣existent.So,have set office hours where you productively work on building your business(你必须致力于你的业务定期赚取利润。如果没有,你会发现你的收入变得不存在。所以,要设定办公时间,让你高效地建立自己的企业)可知,上文提到做自己的老板是一个很大的优势,后文则提到了必须致力于定期赚取利润,可推测本句与上文构成转折,是在说明自己做老板的缺点。故A项"但它也可能毫无顾忌地让你堕落"符合语境,故选A.
(3)B.段落大意题。根据后文Doctors' appointments and family commitments can simply be worked into your schedule.Again,you need to arrange your appointments carefully and try to book them together.This way you can get all of your running around done in one day(与医生的预约和家庭事务可以简单地列入你的日程。同样,你需要仔细安排你的预约,尽量一起预约。这样你就可以在一天之内完成所有的工作)可知,后文提到与医生的预约和家务事可以得到合理安排,然后在一天之内完成,可知本段主要是在介绍在家工作的另一个好处是时间灵活。故B项"灵活的工作时间是在家工作的另一大好处"符合语境,故选B.
(4)D.细节推断题。根据上文Working in your pajamas may seem appealing initially. But it can also prevent you from actually getting your work done(乍一看,穿着睡衣工作似乎很吸引人。但它也会阻碍你真正完成工作)以及后文After that,just walk into your office and start your day's work.Being too casual means getting less work done on a regular basis(之后,只需走进办公室,开始一天的工作)可知,上文提到在家工作会阻碍真正完成工作,且后文提到了走近办公室,可知本句是在描述日常外出上班的过程。故D项"你可能会发现起床、锻炼、然后洗澡、穿衣服上班更有效率"符合语境,故选D.
(5)E.细节推断题。根据上文In order to run a successful business from home you need to have a good mindset(为了在家经营成功的企业,你需要有一个良好的心态)以及后文Taking off too many hours each week will damage your financial stability and long﹣term success.Set goals and limits on your time.Build your business first,before taking advantage of what working from home offers(每周休息太多的时间会损害你的经济稳定和长期成功。设定目标和时间。在利用在家工作的好处之前,先建立自己的事业)可知,上文提到在家经营企业需要良好的心态,可知本句应承接上文举例说明有哪些良好的心态需要建立。故E项"这包括意识到你,而且只有你自己对自己的收入负责"符合语境,故选E.
【点评】选句填空类阅读理解解题技巧之一是根据上下文词汇来锁定线索。要关注空格处前后的内容,然后在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等,看是否有同词复现,代词的指代等。
第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分15分)第一节(共1小题;每小题15分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
6.(15分)Camogli looks like any other small Italian coastal town. The little(1) A houses face the sea. The sunlight warms their beauty. But,look carefully and you'll see many things that seem(2) D …but they're not.
This fishing village is full of trompe l'oeil﹣an art form in which nothing is what it appears to be. While some flowers die, others live for years. Why? Because they're(3) C on the building!
Trompe l'oeil has been around for centuries.(4) D , Camogli's fishermen painted their houses in bright colors and unusual designs,so that they could see their homes(5) from the water. Then,in the 1700s, it became a way to make small, simple buildings look(6) C and high﹣valued.
And today? There are still many trompe l'oeil houses in villages like Camogli,but only a few artists are(7) to paint them. Carlo is one of this ever﹣decreasing band of artists who's managed to make a business out of it.
His(8) C are often people who want to improve their home's(9) A .But for Carlo trompe l'oeil's purpose is to bring something(10) C to a new place,such as bringing the city to the sea or even the deserts to the cities.
Carlos painting style(11) A the past. He only uses old﹣style paints and mixes them by hand.He does so for one reason:to protect the trompe l'oeil(12) D . He also believes this art should be(13) D everywhere.
Fortunately, in Camogli, local art and culture are still(14) .But remember,don't always(15) A your eyes!
(1)A. colored | B. crowded | C. damp | D. wooden |
(2)A. fancy | B. novel | C. real | D. valuable |
(3)A. carved | B. pressed | C. painted | D. planted |
(4)A. Creatively | B. Mistakenly | C. Frequently | D. Originally |
(5)A. closely | B. easily | C. happily | D. hopefully |
(6)A. comfortable | B. complicated | C grand | D. harmonious |
(7)A. allowed | B. available | C. responsible | D. introduced |
(8)A. designers | B. followers | C. customers | D. partners |
(9)A. appearance | B. capacity | C. convenience | D. privacy |
(10)A. civilized | B. faraway | C. natural | D. unexpected |
(11)A. comes from | B. brings about | C. goes against | D. leaves out |
(12)A. artists | B. buildings | C. paints | D. traditions |
(13)A. accepted | B. discussed | C. learned | D. seen |
(14)A. changing | B. alive | C. diverse | D. unique |
(15)A. believe | B. block | C. widen | D. cheat |
【解答】(1)A.考查形容词及语境理解。A. colored有色的;B. crowded拥挤的;C. damp潮湿的;D. wooden木质的。根据下文"Camogli's fishermen painted their houses in bright colors"可知,这些房屋是有颜色的。故选A项。
(2)D.考查形容词及语境理解。A. fancy幻想的;B. novel新颖的;C. real真实的;D. valuable有价值的。根据下文"high﹣valued"可知,这里的房屋简单又很有价值。故选D项。
(3)C.考查动词及语境理解。A. carved雕刻;B. pressed按压;C. painted绘画;D. planted种植。根据下文"Camogli's fishermen painted their houses in bright colors"可知,这些花朵是画在屋子上的。故选C项。
(4)D.考查副词及语境理解。A. Creatively创造性地;B. Mistakenly错误地;C. Frequently频繁地;D. Originally最初。根据前文"Trompe l'oeil has been around for centuries."可知,错视画这种艺术形式已经存在几个世纪了,接下来介绍错视画的起源。故选D项。
(5)B.考查副词及语境理解。A. closely紧密地;B. easily容易地;C. happily愉快地;D. hopefully有希望地。句意:最初,Camogli的渔民用鲜艳的色彩和不寻常的图案为房屋涂漆,以便他们可以从水中容易地地看到自己的房屋。根据常识可知,渔民将房屋涂上颜色是为了从水中容易地看到自己的房屋。故选B项。
(6)C.考查形容词及语境理解。A. comfortable舒适的;B. complicated复杂的;C. grand气派的;D. harmonious和谐的。根据后文"high﹣valued"可知,这样的艺术形式使得房屋看起来很气派、很高档。故选C项。
(7)B.考查形容词及语境理解。A. allowed合法的;B. available可用的;C. responsible负责任;D. introduced引进的。根据后文"Carlo is one of this ever﹣decreasing band of artists who's managed to make a business out of it."可知,能表达这种艺术的艺术家很少见。故选B项。
(8)C.考查名词及语境理解。A. designers设计师;B. followers追随者;C. customers客户;D. partners伙伴。根据上文"make a business out of it"可知,他准备利用这种绘画能力做生意,表明找到他的人即他的客户。故选C项。
(9)A.考查名词及语境理解。A. appearance外观;B. capacity容量;C. convenience便利;D. privacy私密。根据上文"Camogli's fishermen painted their houses in bright colors and unusual designs"可知,这些渔民设计和绘画的是房屋的外表。故选A项。
(10)C.考查形容词及语境理解。A. civilized文明的;B. faraway遥远的;C. natural自然的;D. unexpected意外的。根据后文"sea or even the deserts"可知,这种艺术形式的目的是将自然的东西带到一个新的地方。故选C项。
(11)A.考查动词短语及语境理解。A. comes from来自;B. brings about带来;C. goes against反对;D. leaves out离开。根据后文"He only uses old﹣style paints and mixes them by hand."可知,他使用的绘画风格源于老式的绘画风格。故选A项。
(12)D.考查名词及语境理解。A. artists艺术家;B. buildings建筑;C. paints油漆;D. traditions传统。根据上文"Carlo is one of this ever﹣decreasing band of artists who's managed to make a business out of it."可知,能表达这种艺术的艺术家越来越少了,意在表明他想保护这种艺术。故选D项。
(13)D.考查动词及语境理解。A. accepted接受;B. discussed讨论;C. learned学习;D. seen看见。根据常识可知,艺术是让人观看的。故选D项。
(14)B.考查形容词及语境理解。A. changing变化的;B. alive活跃的;C. diverse多样化的;D. unique独特的。根据上文"There are still many trompe l'oeil houses in villages like Camogli"可知,当今这种艺术和文化依然广泛存在。故选B项。
(15)A.考查动词及语境理解。A. believe相信;B. block阻止;C. widen扩大;D. cheat作弊。根据上文"But, look carefully and you' ll see many things that seem valuable…but they're not."可知,你认为你看到的东西很宝贵,但其实事实并非如此,意在表明不要总是相信自己的眼睛。故选A项。
【点评】做完形填空首先要通读全文,了解大意.一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格,所以,必须先通读一至两遍,才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句,做一句。其次要逐句分析,前后一致。选择答案时,要考虑整个句子的内容,包括搭配、时态、语法等。 答案全部填完后,再通读一遍文章,检查是否通顺流畅,用词得当,意思正确。
第二节(共1小题:每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
7.(15分)A comforting cup of tea is an essential part of the day for hundreds of millions of people around the globe. Worldwide, three cups of tea(1) are consumed (consume) for every cup of coffee. To(2) fully (full) appreciate the ancient roots of the herbal drink, a visit to the China National Tea Museum might be in order. The institution has a long history.
(3) Located (locate)in Hangzhou,the museum occupies a parklike setting. Inside,various halls demonstrate the story of tea, its ceremonies(仪式) and its tools. Records of tea drinking date as far back as the(4) tenth (ten)century B.C. in China. Originally the leaves were baked into a brick,a part of(5) which could be broken off and made into a powder(粉状物). Tea spread into northern China during the Tang Dynasty; by the Song Dynasty it(6) had acquired (acquire)a loose﹣leaf production as well as the ceremonies that made its consumption(7) an art form.
The art of tea extended to its fancy containers,which are(8) on display at the museum.Gracefully rounded kettles date back 5,000 years;tea bowls from the Tang Dynasty have a beautiful simplicity. Today(9) visitors (visit)can observe a tea ceremony that might be enough(10) to change (change) even the most passionate coffee drinker.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。在中国国家茶叶博物馆里你可以了解到茶的古老根源以及与茶有关的精美容器。
【解答】(1)are consumed. 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:在世界范围内,每消费一杯咖啡要有三杯茶被消费掉。本句中缺少谓语动词,主语three cups of tea与谓语动词consume"消耗"之间是被动关系,本句陈述一般性事实,所以用一般现在时的被动语态。主语cups是复数名词,be动词应用are,故填are consumed.
(2)fully. 考查副词。句意:为了充分了解这种草本饮品的古老根源,参观中国国家茶叶博物馆可能是个不错的选择。所给词full是形容词,设空处修饰动词appreciate,应用其副词形式fully,意为"完全地;充分地",故填fully.
(3)Located. 考查过去分词。句意:博物馆位于杭州,环境像公园一样。所给词locate是及物动词,意思是"把…安置在(或建造于)",本句已有谓语动词,此处在句子中作状语说明主语的情况,应用形容词located表示"位于;坐落在"。句首单词首字母需大写,故填Located.
(4)tenth. 考查序数词。句意:中国的饮茶记录可以追溯到公元前10世纪。根据设空前the和后面century B.C.可知,本空应用ten的序数词形式tenth,表示"公元前10世纪"。故填tenth.
(5)which. 考查定语从句。句意:最初茶叶会被烘焙成一块砖形,茶砖的一部分有时会被破坏变成碎粉。本句有两个谓语动词,此处应为连词引导非性定语从句,先行词brick指物,在从句中作介词of的宾语,应用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which.
(6)had acquired. 考查动词时态。句意:到了宋代,它已经可以散装生产,其消费也成为一种艺术形式的仪式。本句中缺谓语动词,根据时间状语by the Song Dynasty可知,谓语动词应用过去完成时。故填had acquired.
(7)an. 考查冠词。句意:到了宋代,它已经可以散装生产,其消费也成为一种艺术形式的仪式。form是可数名词,文中第一次出现且修饰词art是以元音音素开头的单词,故使用不定冠词an表泛指。故填an.
(8)on. 考查介词。句意:茶的艺术延伸到其精美的容器,这些容器在博物馆展出。on display"展览;展出",固定搭配,故填on.
(9)visitors. 考查名词复数。句意:今天,游客们可以观看茶道,这个茶道可能足以改变哪怕是最热情的咖啡饮用者。设空处作主语,根据句意可知主语是"游客们",应用复数名词visitors,故填visitors.
(10)to change. 考查动词不定式。句意:今天,游客们可以观看茶道,这个茶道可能足以改变哪怕是最热情的咖啡饮用者。形容词enough后面通常接动词不定式,故填to change.
【点评】语法填空题是考查学生的语言运用能力。解题时,要在理解文章的基础上,灵活运用语法知识,如词性、时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断空白处应填写的内容。答完后,还要通读全文,核对所填单词形式是否正确,是否符合语境。
第四部分 写作 (共两节,满分15分)第一节 (满分15分)
8.(15分)假定你是李华,上周你校举办了首届生活技能云端展示活动,主题为"劳动创造美好生活(Work Creates a Better Life)"。请你为校英文报写一篇报道,内容包括:
1.活动主题;
2.展示内容(烹饪、急救等);
3.活动反响。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The First Online Life Skills Show
___________.
【分析】高分句型一:The first online life skills show with the theme of Work Creates a Better Life was held in our school hall last Friday morning, which drew the attention of every student and teacher.
译文:上周五上午,以"劳动创造美好生活"为主题的首届网络生活技能展在我校大厅举行,引起了每位师生的关注。
分析:这句话使用which引导非性定语从句。
高分句型二:All the participants made wonderful presentations around the theme, showing the audience the skills about cooking and first aid,which is of great use in our daily life.
译文:所有与会者围绕主题做了精彩的演讲,向观众展示了烹饪和急救的技巧,这在我们的日常生活中非常有用。
分析:这句话使用现在分词作状语,which引导非性定语从句。
【解答】The first online life skills show with the theme of Work Creates a Better Life was held in our school hall last Friday morning, which drew the attention of every student and teacher. 【高分句型一】(活动主题)
Twenty students from different classes took part in it. All the participants made wonderful presentations around the theme, showing the audience the skills about cooking and first aid,which is of great use in our daily life. 【高分句型二】(展示内容)
Everyone thinks highly of this activity, for it is not only a good chance to help the students improve their life skills but also enriches our school life.(活动反响)
【点评】这是一篇提纲类作文,需要写的内容已经给出,但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译,而是要添加些内容,使文章看起来更充实,要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文,一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题,给出的要点都需要包括,缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态,上下文意思连贯,符合逻辑关系,不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式,同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数,不要太多也不要太少。
第二节(满分25分)
9.(25分)阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It took place in a teachers family. One day,Ben was playing basketball in the living room after school,when he accidentally threw the ball at a vase sitting on the shelf. The vase dropped to the floor and a large piece broke off. What made Ben more upset was that the vase was not a common decoration but an antique, which was handed down through generations from the 18th century. It was also his mother's favourite possession. To cover his terrible action, the terrified boy glued the pieces together hastily and put the vase back to its place.
As the mother herself dusted the vase every day, she naturally noticed the cracks(裂纹)that evening. To her surprise, the repair work was actually very good. At dinner time, she asked her boy if he broke the vase. Fearing punishment, the suddenly inspired boy said that a neighbour's cat jumped in from the window and he couldn't drive it away no matter how hard he tried. It raced around the living room and finally knocked the vase off its shelf. His mother was quite clear that her son was lying,for all the windows were closed before she left for work each morning and opened after she returned. However,in the face of her son's nervous eyes and the suspicious looks of the other family members. Ben's mother remained calm. She realized she shouldn't just simply blame and punish her son for lying. She came up with another idea.
Before going to bed, the boy found a note from his mother in his room,asking him to go to the study at once. The boy thought he would now be punished but, as he had already lied, he was determined to deny everything to the end, no matter how angry his mum became.
In the study, calmly bathed in the light, his mothers face showed no sign of anger. On seeing her son push open the door and cautiously enter, she took a chocolate box out of a drawer and gave him one.
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The mother said,"This chocolate is a reward for your imagination:a window﹣opening cat!"___________.
Now with some chocolates in hand, the boy's bad attitude disappeared.___________.
【分析】本文为记叙文,讲述了Ben不小心打碎花瓶,并对妈妈说谎是猫打碎的,妈妈并没有责备他,拿出巧克力诱导他做一个诚实的人,Ben最后说出了,得到了妈妈的奖励的故事。
高分句型一:He did as was told to, confessing that he was calm when facing the accident.
译文:他照别人的吩咐做了,承认面对事故时他很平静。
分析:这句话使用as引导方式状语从句,confessing…是现在分词短语作状语,that引导宾语从句,when引导省略的时间状语从句。
高分句型二:After what seemed a long time, he looked up at his mother, admitted that it was not the cat but he that had broken the vase accidentally and asked for punishment.
译文:似乎过了很久,他抬头看着母亲,承认不是猫,而是他不小心打碎了花瓶,请求惩罚。
分析:这句话使用what引导宾语从句,第一个that引导宾语从句,第二个that是强调句。
【解答】The mother said,"This chocolate is a reward for your imagination ﹣﹣ a window﹣opening cat!" Hearing her sincere appreciation, Ben flushed, lowered his head and muttered a thank﹣you. Surprisingly, the mother took out another chocolate and pressed it into his hand."This one is for the delicate repair work you did to the broken vase."She also added that she was moved by how much the boy cherished the family possessions. At these hearty remarks, Ben felt a flow of shame through his veins, and had to duck his head even lower. The mother then calmly encouraged Ben to reward himself more chocolate for any other merits he had displayed in this event. He did as was told to, confessing that he was calm when facing the accident. 【高分句型一】(妈妈用奖励巧克力的方式诱导Ben承认自己打碎了花瓶)
Now with some chocolate in hand, the boy's bad attitude disappeared.His palm and forehead sweating, nervousness welled up inside him. After what seemed a long time, he looked up at his mother, admitted that it was not the cat but he that had broken the vase accidentally and asked for punishment. 【高分句型二】"I'm sorry I lied to you, mum. Please take back the chocolate." Feeling so ashamed, Ben couldn't hold back his tears. He opened his palm wide, ready to return the chocolate. To his surprise, however, his mother placed the whole bag of chocolate in his hand, smiling. "Honesty deserves the best reward, my dear."(Ben良心不安,无法继续装作是猫打碎的花瓶,对妈妈坦白错误的经过)
【点评】解题方法点拨(1)品读原文。确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路,通过精读文章,找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜(结尾)"。
(2)仔细审题,明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此类短文续写的具体要求,如词数使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示,这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
(3)回扣原文,揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求,再次快速回读短文,抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示,确定续写段落的内容。
(4)拟写草稿,修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后。最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时,注意句子结构的多样性,语言的丰富性,并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用,使上下文连贯。
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日期:2021/5/30 17:58:34;用户:高中英语;邮箱:DFUUJY00039.26958621;学号:27742307