〔一〕基数词
基数词用来表示数目,或许说表示数量的词叫基数词。最基本的基数词如下表所示。
1 one 11 eleven 100 a hundred
2 two 12 twelve 20 twenty 1000 a thousand
3 three 13 thirteen 30 thirty 1,000,000 a million
4 four 14 fourteen 40 forty 10,000,000 ten million
5 five 15 fifteen 50 fifty 100,000,000 a hundred million
6 six 16 sixteen 60 sixty 1,000,000,000 a billion
7 seven 17 seventeen 70 seventy
8 eight 18 eighteen 80 eighty
9 nine 19 nineteen 90 ninety
10 ten
说明:
1.13—19是由个位数加后缀-teen构成。留意其中13、15的拼写是thirteen和fifteen。
2.20—90由个位数加后缀-ty构成,留意其中20—50的拼写区分是twenty, thirty, forty 和fifty;80的拼写是eighty。
3.其它非整十的两位数21—99是由整十位数加连字符〝-〞,再加个位数构成。如: 81 eighty-one。
4.101—999的基数词先写百位数,后加and再写十位数和个位数。如: 691 six hundred and ninety-one。
5.1000以上的基数词先写千位数,后写百位数,再加and,最后写十位数和个位数。
如:53 five thousand eight hundred and ninety-three。 在基数词中只要表示〝百〞、〝千〞的单位词,没有独自表示〝万〞、〝亿〞的单位词,而是用thousand〔千〕和million〔百万〕来表达,其换算关系为:1万=10 thousand;1亿=100 million; 10亿=a thousand million=a billion。
7.多位数的读法:
1〕1000以上的多位数,要运用计数距离或逗号〝,〞。即从个位起,每隔三位加一个距离或逗号。第一个距离或逗号前是thousand〔千〕,第二个距离或逗号前是million〔百万〕,第三个距离或逗号前是a thousand million或a billion(十亿)。
2〕每隔三位分段以后就都成了101—999。读的时分十位数〔或个位数〕的前面普通要加and。如:
888,000,000读作:eight hundred and eighty-eight million。
〔二〕、基数词的用法
1.基数词的双数方式表示少量的 的数目。
在这种状况下,表示单位的基数词(hundred, thousand, million, billion)不能在词尾加-s。
例如:
two hundred students 二百个先生
five thousand years 五千年
2.基数词的双数方式表示少量的 的数目,在这种状况下,表示单位的基数词词尾加-s,要与of短语连用。
3.基数词在句中的作用
基数词的作用相当于名词和描画词,它在句子中可充任主语,宾语,表语和定语。
例如:
Three and five is eight. 3+5=8
主语 表语
How many oranges do you want?你要多少桔子?
I want eight. 我要八个。
宾语
There are eight boats in the lake. 湖里有小船。
定语
〔三〕序数词
表示顺序的词,叫序数词。序数词用来表示数词顺序。除特殊状况外,序数词普通都由相应的基数词加后缀-th构成。
请见下表:
第一到第十 第十一到第十九 第二十以上
first eleventh twentieth
second twelfth thirtieth
third thirteenth fortieth
fourth fourteenth fiftieth
fifth fifteenth sixtieth
sixth sixteenth seventieth
seventh seventeenth eightieth
eighth eighteenth ninetieth
ninth nineteenth hundredth
tenth thousandth
说明:
1.英语中表示第一、第二、第三的序数词属特殊方式,要留意它们的拼写。
2.表示〝几十〞的序数词通常是将基数词词尾y变成i再加上后缀-eth。
3.其他的二位数序数词是以相应的整十基数词加个位序数词。如:fifty-first〔第五十一〕。
4.少数序数词拼法不规那么,如:fifth〔第五〕,eighth〔第八〕,ninth〔第九〕,twelfth〔第十二〕等。
留意:
1.序数词可缩写为阿拉伯数字加序数词最后两个字母。
例如:
第一:(the) first=1 st
第二:(the) second=2 nd
第三:(the) third=3 rd
第五:(the) fifth=5th
第九十七:(the) ninety-seventh=97 th
第一百零一:(the) one hundred (and)first=101st
2.编了号的事物要用基数词表示顺序,但是基数词要后置。
例如:
第一课:Lesson One
第三十二页:Page 32
第305房间:Room 305
第12路公共汽车:Bas No.12
五、序数词的用法
序数词和基数词一样,也能起名词或描画词作用,在句子中作主语、表语、宾语和定语。
例如:
The first is bigger than the second. 第一个比第二个大。
主语
Give me the first. 把第一个给我。
宾语
She’s often the first to go to school. 她经常第一个去上学。
表语
We’re going to learn the eighth lesson. 我们将要学习第八课。
定语
六、年、月、日和时间的表达法
1.年份用基数词表达,分两位一读,年份前用介词in。
例如:
2021 nineteen ninety-nine
2021 two thousand
2021 two thousand and one
2.月份的第一个字母要大写,有些月份称号有缩写方式。
例如:
一月January(Jan.), 二月February(Feb.), 三月March(Mar.), 四月〔Apr.〕,五月May, 六月June, 七月July, 八月August(Aug.),九月September(Sep.), 十月October(Oct.), 十一月November(Nov.), 十二月December(Dec.)。
3.日期的表达要用序数词,读时前面要加定冠词the,介词要运用on。
例如:
在6月1日:on June 1 st 读作:on June the first.
年、月、日同时表达时,普通应先写月、日、后写年。
例如:
在2021年5月4日:on May 4 th, 2021。
4.年代用基数词的双数表示。
例如:
20世纪90年代:nineteen nineties
21世纪20年代:twenty twenties
5.时间表达法:时间可用顺读法或倒读法两种方式表达。
例如:
顺读法 倒读法
5:00 five (o’clock)
6:18 six eighteen eighteen past six
12:15 twelve fifteen fifteen (a quarter) past twelve
4:30 four thirty half past four
5:50 five fifty ten to six
6:45 six forty-five a quarter to seven
留意:
1〕表示整点时间,直接用基数词表达,后边可接o’clock (也可不加)。表达〝几点几分〞时,绝不能用o’clock。
2〕表达〝15分〞或〝45分〞时,常用quarter〔刻〕。
3〕在倒读法中,假设钟点不过半,须用〝分钟数+past+钟点数〞的方式;假设钟点过半,那么用〝差多少分钟数+to+全钟点〔下个钟点数〕〞的方式。
例如:
8:20 twenty past eight
8:40 twenty to nine
6.分数的表达法
1〕分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子大于1时,分母用双数。
2〕小数的读法:小数点前面的数依照基数词的读法,小数点前面的数依照数自身读,小数点读point。
例如:
0.38 zero point three eight
96. ninety-six point eight nine
3)百分数,在数词后加percent。
例如:
15%读作:fifteen percent
60%读作:sixty percent
7.表示语数
1〕…几倍大小〔长短,数量〕=…几倍〔或分数〕+the size(length, amount)。
例如:
The earth is forty-nine times the size of the moon.
地球是月球的49倍。
2〕…比…几倍=…倍数〔或分数〕+描画词〔副词〕比拟级+than+被比局部。
例如:
His house is three times bigger than mine.
他的房子比我的房子大三倍。
3〕…是…倍=…倍数〔或分数〕+as +描画词+as +被比局部。
例如:
This factory is four times as big as that one.
这个工厂是那个工厂的四倍。
8.表示约数
1〕〝多于〞用more than或over。
例如:
The street is over(more than) 500 metres long.
这条街有500多米长。
2〕〝小于〞用less than。
例如:
Three are less than 30 people in the classroom.
教室里不到三十人。
3〕〝或…以上〞用or more。
例如:
The building can hold 5000 people or more.
那座修建物可容纳5000人或5000人以上。
4〕〝或…以下〞用or less。
例如:
We can finish the work in two weeks or less.
我们可以在两周内或不到两周完成这件任务。
5〕〝大约〞用about, around, nearly等。
例如:
The box weighs about 50 pounds.
这箱子重约50镑。
6〕〝左右〞用or so.
例如:
In the past ten years or so, they have changed a lot.
在过去的十年里,他们改动了许多。
三、课堂练习
I. 写出以下基数词相应的序数词:
1. one __________ 2. two _________ 3. three _________ 4. five ________
5. eight __________ 6. nine _________ 7. twelve _________ 8. twenty __________
9. thirty-one __________ 10. forty-four ___________ 11. fifty-seven ____________
II. 把以下短语译成英语:
1. 第12课 ________________________ 2. 304号房间 _______________________
3. 半小时 ________________________ 4. 每日三次 _______________________
5. 第25页 _______________________ 6. 20世纪90年代 ___________________
7. 4路公共汽车 _____________________ 8. 第15中学 _____________________
9. 21世纪 _________________________ 10. 两吨半 ______________________
11. 差一刻三点 _____________________ 12. 第二册 ________________________
13. 在他五十几岁时 ___________________ 14. 二年级八班 ____________________
15. 10:45 _____________________________ 16. 第十五单元 ____________________
17. 第三册第十三课 _______________________ 18. 三分之一 __________________
19. 三百英镑 _________________________ 20. 1994年3月22日 __________________
四、课后稳固
III. 选择填空:
1. 333 reads ___________.
A. three hundred and thirty three B. three hundreds and thirty-three
C. three hundred and thirty-three D. three hundred thirty-three
2. The _______ month of the year is February.
A. one B. first C. two D. second
3. The beautiful skirts are on show in the shop, Jane likes _______.
A. the ninth B. the nineth C. nine D. ninth
4. It took me _______ to finish my homework.
A. a half and two hour B. two hour and a half
C. two and a half hour D. two and a half hours
5. December is the _______ month of the year.
A. twelve B. twelveth C. twelvieth D. twelfth
6. Tom bought ______ for himself yesterday.
A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe
C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes
7. There are _______ seconds in a minute.
其实,任何一门学科都离不开融会贯串,关键是记忆有技巧,〝死记〞之后会〝活用〞。不记住那些基础知识,怎样会向高层次进军?尤其是语文学科涉猎的范围很广,要真正提高先生的写作水平,单靠剖析文章的写作技巧是远远不够的,必需从基础知识抓起,每天挤一点时间让先生〝死记〞名篇佳句、名言警句,以及丰厚的词语、新颖的资料等。这样,就会在有限的时间、空间里给先生的脑海里注入有限的内容。日积月累,集腋成裘,从而收到水滴石穿,绳锯木断的成效。A. fourty B. forty C. sixteen D. sixty
8. Lin Tao gets up at ______ in the morning.
A. half past six B. six past half C. past half six D. half six past
9. December ______ is Christmas.
A. twenty-five B. the twenty-fifth C. the twentieth-five D. twentieth-fifth
10. There are _____ stars in the universe.
A. millions B. million of C. millions of D. million
11. Monday is the _______ day of the week.
A. two B. second C. three D. third
12. Mr. Black left here _____ ago.
A. half a hour B. half an hour C. an half hour D. a half hours
13. There are _____ students in their school.
A. nine hundred B. nine hundreds C. nine hundred of D. nine hundreds of
14. There are _____ words in the text of the _____ Lesson.
A. hundred of, Fifth B. a hundred of, Fiveth
C. hundreds of, Fifth D. hundreds of, Fiveth
15. We had learned about _____ English words by the end of last term.
A. nine hundreds and forty-five B. nine hundreds of and forty-five
C. nine hundred and forty-five D. nine hundred and fourty-five
IV. 中考题集:
1. About ______ people are in the People’s Park at weekends.
A. two hundreds B. two hundreds of C. two hundred D. hundred of
2. The water behind the Three Gorges Dam (三峡大坝) should be _____higher than downstream (下游).
A. sixty-five meter B. sixty-fifth meter C. sixty-five meters D. sixty-fifth meters
3. In our school several _____ students are able to search the Internet for useful information now.
A. hundred of B. hundreds for C. hundred D. hundreds
4. I was 8 years old when my father was 31. this year my father is twice my age. How old am I?
A. 21 B. 22 C. 23 D. 24
5. When was the PRC founded? It was founded on _______.
A. July 1, 1921 B. October 1, 1949 C. August 1, 1927 D. May 1, 1922
6. Look at the menu:
SNACKS
Hamburger $ 2.60 Orange juice $1.20
Hot dog $2.15 Coffee $1.00
Ice cream $2.00 Coke regular $0.75
Popcorn $1.00 large $1.00
Jeff wants to buy a hamburger, a large coke and ice cream.
How much will he pay?
A. Five dollars and sixty cents. B. Five dollars and thirty-five cents.
C. Three dollars and sixty cents. D. Two dollars.
7. --- How many workers are there in your factory? --- There are two _______.
A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of
8. The film star is going to spend ______ dollars on a new dress for the coming party.
A. three thousands B. thousands of C. thousand of D. three thousands of
9. There are ______ doctors and nurses working hard in that hospital.
A. thousand B. two thousand C. two thousands D. two thousands of
10. --- How many teachers are there in your school? --- ________, but I’m not sure.
A. Hundreds B. Hundred C. Hundreds of D. One hundred
11. I think ______ lesson is the most difficult in this book.
A. five B. fifth C. the fifth D. fifteen
1. _______ travelers come to visit our city every year.
A. Hundred of B. Hundreds of C. Five hundreds D. Hundred
2. The Games of ______ Olympiad in 2021 will be held in the city of Beijing.
A. 29 B. the 29 C. 29th D. the 29th
3. Fan Zhiyi’s transfer to Dundee Football Club at the end of last year aroused ______ Chinese people’s interest.
A. thousand of B. thousand C. thousands of D. thousands
4. About ______ films were shown during the 5th Shanghai International Film Festival.
A. two hundred of B. two hundreds of C. two hundred D. two hundreds
5. --- Do you have enough men to carry these chairs? --- No. I think we need ______ men.
A. another B. two others C. more two D. two more
6. --- Can you write the number eight five thousand, six hundred and twenty-six?
--- Yes, it is _____________.
A. 85662 B. 85626 C. 58662 D. 58626
语文课本中的文章都是精选的比拟优秀的文章,还有不少名家名篇。假设有选择墨守成规地让先生背诵一些优秀篇目、精彩段落,对提高先生的水平会大有裨益。如今,不少语文教员在剖析课文时,把文章解体的支离破碎,总在文章的技巧方面下功夫。结果教员费力,先生头疼。剖析完之后,先生收效甚微,没过几天便忘的一干二净。形成这种事半功倍的为难局面的关键就是对文章读的不熟。常言道〝书读百遍,其义自见〞,假设有目的、有方案地引导先生重复阅读课文,或细读、默读、跳读,或听读、范读、轮读、分角色朗诵,先生便可以在读中自然领悟文章的思想内容和写作技巧,可以在读中自然增强语感,增强言语的感受力。一朝一夕,这种思想内容、写作技巧和语感就会自然浸透到先生的言语看法之中,就会在写作中自觉不自觉地加以运用、发明和开展。7. There’re ______ students in our grade.
A. hundreds of B. three hundreds of C. three hundreds D. three hundreds’
8. ______ of the workers in this factory is about two hundred, _______ of them are women workers.
A. The number, first third B. The number, one third
C. A number, half D. A number, three quarters
〝师〞之概念,大体是从先秦时期的〝师长、徒弟、先生〞而来。其中〝徒弟〞更早那么意指春秋时国君的教员。«说文解字»中有注曰:〝师教人以道者之称也〞。〝师〞之含义,如今泛指从事教育任务或是教授知识技术也或是某方面有专长值得学习者。〝教员〞的原意并非由〝老〞而描画〝师〞。〝老〞在旧语义中也是一种尊称,隐喻年长且学问渊博者。〝老〞〝师〞连用最后见于«史记»,有〝荀卿最为教员〞之说法。渐渐〝教员〞之说也不再有年龄的,老少皆可适用。只是司马迁笔下的〝教员〞当然不是昔日意义上的〝教员〞,其只是〝老〞和〝师〞的复合构词,所表达的含义多指对知识渊博者的一种尊称,虽能从其身上学以〝道〞,但其不一定是知识的传达者。明天看来,〝教员〞的必要条件不光是拥有知识,更重于传达知识。9. _______ Germans come to visit China every year.
这个任务可让先生分组担任搜集整理,登在小黑板上,每周一换。要求先生抽空抄录并且阅读成诵。其目的在于扩展先生的知识面,引导先生关注社会,热爱生活,所以内容要尽量普遍一些,可以分为人生、价值、理想、学习、生长、责任、友谊、爱心、探求、环保等多方面。如此下去,除假期外,一年便可以积聚40多那么资料。假设先生的脑海里有了众多的鲜活生动的资料,写起文章来还用乱翻参考书吗?A. Thousands of B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Two thousands