
一、考查非谓语动词用作主语:It's+形容词+of/for sb. +to do sth.
(一) 不定式作主语
1)for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等:例如:
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2)of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格,品德,心智能力,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。例如:
It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了。
(二)动名词作主语
Visiting the Science Museum is interesting.
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
二、考查非谓语动词用作宾语
(一)不定式作宾语
某些动词+不定式(to do )可作的宾语,常见的动词有:afford (付得起),agree(同意)decide(决定),make up one’s mind(决定) , fail(失败)hope(希望),learn(学会),manage(设法),offer(主动提出),plan(计划),pretend(假装),promise(答应),intend(打算),refuse(拒绝),seem(觉得好像),wish(希望)等。
(二)动名词作宾语
某些动词+ doing(动名词)作宾语,常见的动词有: enjoy,finish,imagine,keep,mind, practise, suggest等。
②下列短语后要接动名词作宾语:be good at 擅长,be afraid of 害怕,get/be used to 习惯于,give up 放弃,keep on 继续,succeed in 成功,dream of 梦想,feel like 想要,prevent...from 防止,stop...from=ban ..from 阻止,look forward to盼望,be busy, have difficulty/trouble(in),pay attention to, make a contribution to (为…做贡献),end up (完成 )等。
三、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语 即:某些动词+sb. to do
不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:advise,allow,ask,choose, encourage,expect, invite,order,permit,persuade, teach,tell,want,warn等。
四、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语to省略情况, 即:某些动词+sb. do
① (一感:feel 二听:hear, listen to三让:let, make, have四看:see, watch, notice, observe)+sb. do表示事情全过程或一次性动作
②半帮助: help help sb. to do / do sth.
③(hear, listen ,,see, watch, notice, observe)+sb. doing表示宾语补足语是一个正在进行和发生的动作,具有一定的描述性。
例:I heard her sing an English song just now.
刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。
I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. 昨天经过她房间时,我听见她在唱英文歌。
六.下列动词或短语后接不定式和动名词作宾语时,意义上有所不同
七、考查非谓语动词用作状语
To do 可以表示目的,如:To know the word’s meaning ,you must look it up
Go to buy Something to eat. to buy 是Go的目的
八、考查非谓语动词用作定语
如:Something to eat
We have something to do , so we can’t go shopping now.
九.现在分词(doing)和过去分词(done)
现在分词:表示主动含义:On his way to school, Jim found a wallet lying on the ground. a wallet lying(钱包躺,钱包是主动的,所以用现在分词)
过去分词:表示被动含义:We all like the photos taken by Jim.
photos taken by Jim.(Jim拍的照片,照片是被拍的;主动的语序应是 take the photos, taken是photos修饰语,所以用过去分词,)
十.Used to do (过去常常做某事)
Be/get used to doing (现在习惯于做某事)
