Unit 1
1.National flower---rose
Flag—the Union flag or the Union Jack
Anthem---God Save the Queen
2.
Welsh | Irish | Scottish | English | |
Ancestor | Celts | Celts | Picts Celts | Angles Saxons Jutes |
National Language | Welsh | Erse | Gaelic | English |
Character | Emotional reticent | Charming vivacious | Serious Cautious thrifty inventive mystical | hard-working thorough open-hearted hospitable generous |
Religion | Protestant | Protestant | Presbyterian | Protestant |
Unit 2
1.National flower :rose
Bird :The Bald Eagle
Flag :The Stars and Stripes
anthem :The Stars and Stripes Forever
Great seal : 美国国徽美国风光欣赏(20张)外围为两个同心圆,内有一只白头海雕(秃鹰)雄踞,双翼展开,其右爪握一束橄榄枝,左爪握13支利箭,尖嘴中叼着一条飘带,上用拉丁文写着“合众为一”
Uncle Sam :“山姆大叔”是美国的绰号,被用来代指“美国”或“美国”,主要在美国、英国,尤其是在新闻界中使用较多。 I need you 用于征兵
2. Ethnic group:
White: 65%
Latin American descent:16.5%
Black: 12.9%
Asian: 4.6%
Native American (American Indians and Inuit) :1.2%.
3.History:
Westward movement: 17-1859
Independence War: 1775-17
Civil War: 1860-1865
Great Depression: 1929-1933
Civil rights movement: 1955–1968
4.补充
Civil War
Time: From April,1861 to April, 1865
Two sides of the war: The Northern States & the Southern States
Causes of the war: The South wanted to keep black slaves while the north was against slavery.
The South wanted to set up a country of their own but the north said it was wrong.
Results of the war: The North won and the two sides joined up again.
The slaves were set free
Unit 3
女王的地位和作用,也可用作王权象征吧
1.the queen is the head of states,the Queen undertakes constitutional and representational duties which have developed over thousand years of history.
2.As "Head of Nation",the Queen providing a focus for national identity,unity excellence and supporting service of stability and continuty,recognising success,achievement and voluntary sector.
君主立宪制的含义(的构成未找到)
3.Constitutional monarchy is a form of government in which a King or Queen acts as Head of State.The ability to make and pass legislation resides with an elected Parliament,not with the Monarch
议会两院
4.The House of Lords is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.membership of the House of Lords is not attained by election but is instead made up of the Lords Spirtual and the Lords Temporal.
5.The house of commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.The Commons is democratically elected body,consisting of 650 members,who are known as "Members of parliament".
Unit 4
1.The Federal government gets its structure and power from the U.S. Constitution ()
The Constitution was written and adopted by the “Founding Fathers” in 1787
The Constitution sets up a federal system of government by dividing powers between the national ,state and local governments
2.民主党,the Democratic Party, (liberal自由党)。Donkey ,smart brave.
共 和党,the Republican Party,(conservative保守党).Elephant ,strong dignified
3.1Declare as candidate
a. Announce intentions ,start Campaign
b. Raise money ,hire a stuff
c. Create a gross roots force of volunteers in key states
3.2Enter primaries Caucuses and state conventions
Win delegates committed to vote for you in the Summer National Party Convention
3.3The National Party Convention
3.4The Fall Campaign
3.5The Election Day 11月第一个星期一过后的星期二
3.6The Election College 12周第二个星期三
3.7Counting the Ballots 计票日 一月六号
3.8 Inauguration Day January 20th
Electoral College 选举团 Page62
4.1 Legislative Branch;executive Branch;Judicial Branch
4.2 The distribution of power and authority among the legislative ,executive and judicial branches of government.
4.3 A system of limits imposed by the Constitution of the United States on all branches of a government by vesting in each branch the right to amend or void those acts of another that all within its jurisdiction (权限)
5.Congress is the legislative branch
There are 2 parts to Congress: The House of Representatives and the Senate
Unit 5 Education
1.Features(特征) of American education, what national basic values do the system reflect and what functions(功能) of the education in US?
P65页倒数第二行起,
From elementary school through college, Americans believe that everyone deserves an equal opportunity to get a good education.
schools open to all classes of Americans, and financing the schools with tax money collected from all citizens
American public education has a strong practical content that include the teaching of vocation skills and the duties of citizens.
2.The basic structure of American Education with some details.(美国教育的结构的一些细节)
P78页首行起
Americans view their public school system as an educational ladder, rising from elementary school to high school and finally college undergraduate programs.
Most children start school at age five, by attending kindergarten. Then there are 6 years of elementary school and 2 years of middle school, and 4 years of high school. All do 12 years compulsory education.
3.The requirements of American Students admitted or What will be taken into consideration when American high school students apply for a place in colleges or universities?(美国高中生申请进大学或学院的要求和需要考虑的条件)
P79页中,7段(总)(题目看到不是很懂,只找到了美国高中生选大学需要考虑的一些问题)
What degrees dose the school offer? How long does it take to earn one? At the undergraduate level, a four-year “liberal arts” course of study is traditionally offered in such subjects as history ,languages and philosophy.
4.What are highly valued in American schools (universities or colleges ) ?(美国高等学府里什么被高度重视?)
Credits
An undergraduate student has to earn a certain number of “credicts” in order to receive a degree at the end of 4 years of college.
5.Comparison of Education Between Britain and the US (英美两国教育的对照)
US: educational ladder; each of the 50 states operates its own universities, and do some large city governments. They decide their own teaching content
Britain: pre-primary school, primary school (6 years), secondary school (comprehensive school and grammar school), at the age of 16, prepare to sit exams for university entrance or vocational training; their teaching content have a common standards all of the country.
Unit 7 Holidays
1.American Independence Day
what about 4th of July activities? Let us look at four kinds — family activities, group activities, civic activities, and special TV programs.
family activities :they will probably try to drive somewhere to visit someone, or to see some sights, or to do something special,or to stay home, just like they would on any other long weekend in the summer. But otherwise they will probably try to have a picnic or maybe a backyard barbecue.
group activities: generally have many church friends.
civic activities: they usually have a parade.
special TV programs: some with a message from the American President or other officials to remind Americans of both the good and the bad in their society. There are also some Entertainments.
2.American Flag Day
the flag is so important that June 14th is American Flag Day, with flags in front of houses, offices, and public buildings. The symbol of the 4th of July is the Stars and Stripes, the nickname for the American flag. And the colors of the 4th of July are the colors of the flag — red, white, and blue.
3.British Christmas Day
Christmas is the biggest and best loved British holiday. Schools close for the period, as do shops and offices, so people can spend time at home with their families. Nowadays, Christmas is celebrated by most of Britons by exchanging gifts and Christmas cards, presenting holiday foods, and decorating homes and workplaces with colored lights, Christmas trees and ornaments.
There are three Christmas traditions, which are particularly British: one is the Christmas Pantomime, a comical musical play. Another British Christmas tradition is to hear the Queen give her Christmas message to her realm over the television and radio. The British Queen is also the Queen of other nations, like Canada and Australia, and so her message is broadcast to her millions of subjects throughout the world. A third tradition, which is also celebrated in countries with British heritages, is Boxing Day④, Traditionally, it was on Boxing Day that people gave Christmas gifts or money to their staff or servants. However, a new Boxing Day custom has emerged, in the cities at least: shopping. Shops open up to sell off all their Christmas stock decorations, food, cards and gift items at low prices. But for most people, however, Boxing Day is a day for visiting, eating and relaxing.
4.Easter
For church goers it is Easter⑤, not Christmas, when schools and universities close for a break.
5.Buckingham Palace
the second Saturday in June when the Queen's birthday is officially celebrated by “Trooping the Color” around Buckingham Palace⑦ in London. The U.K., unlike most countries, does not have a “national holiday',
6.New Year’s Eve
New Year’s Eve is celebration-time for Americans, but not a family celebration. they would go to church on New Year’s Eve. They frequently call their New Year’s Eve meeting a “Watch Night Service”(除夕礼拜), meaning that they will watch (stay awake) until the New Year begins. The evening may also go something like this:the man drives to his date’s house in his freshly cleaned and washed car. Both of them dress as nicely as possible. Immediately all over America people shout “ Happy New Year! ”, and join others in singing the famous Scottish friendship song “Auld Lang Syne”(people almost never sing it except on New Year’s Eve). This day have had the most traffic deaths of any night of the year. if a drinking driver has an accident, the restaurant or bar that served the alcohol is legally partly responsible for the accident.
7.Times Square
In the past, New Yorkers might end their evening(The New Year’s Eve) in front of Trinity Church, but now they go to a special celebration not far away in Times Square④.
8.April Fools’ Day
The first month of the year at that time was April, that is to say April 1st was the Roman New Year’s Day. In 15 King Charles Ⅳ of France changed New Year’s Day from April 1st to January 1st. But not everyone in France heard about the change, and even some who did know continued to celebrate the New Year’s Day on April 1st. They were all called “April Fools”.
Sometimes we boys would play a trick on someone after April 1st, but would still say “April fool!”. An April fool’s joke must always be done in kindness, and only to a friend.
Unit 8 wedding
考点:西方传统教堂婚礼习俗的了解。比如婚戒带不同手指的含义,结婚周年的称呼,婚礼新郎的穿戴。
Wedding anniversaries
1 year: paper wedding
5 ys: wood wedding
10 ys: tin(锡) wedding
15 ys: crystal wedding
20 ys: china wedding
25 ys: silver wedding
30 ys: pearl wedding
35 ys: coral /jade (珊瑚)wedding
50 ys: gold wedding
60 ys: diamond wedding
Fixing wedding date
Church’s former ban:
Advent 降临节(圣诞节前包括四个星期日的期间)
Septuagesima(四旬斋前的第三个星期日)
Lent(教四旬斋,复活节前四十日,在此期间非星期日时需斋戒和忏悔
Available dates;
Hilary (Jan. 13)(狂欢节)
8 days after Easter
Wedding month
May---unlucky
June---fortunate
Sept.---rich and fine
Oct.---love but not rich
Nov.---joy
Dec.---love lasts
Wedding weekday
Sunday---no wedding
Monday---wealth
Tuesday---health
Wednesday---best
Thursday---crosses (sorrow, worry, problem)
Friday---losses
Saturday---no luck
Wedding dress
Marry in white, you have chosen right
Marry in green, ashamed to be seen
Marry in grey, you’ll go faraway
Marry in brown, never live in a town
Marry in blue, love ever true
Marry in red, wish yourself dead
Marry in yellow, ashamed of your fellow
Marry in black, wish yourself back
Marry in pink, of you he’ll aye think
Wedding ceremony
Dos and don’ts:
The bride shouldn’t see the bridegroom before the church ceremony.
The bride shouldn’t look back on her way to church.
The bride should avoid stumbling when walking up the aisle.
The groom shouldn’t turn to watch her.
Best man’s duty?
Guard the bride and the ring
Lucky vs. unlucky/catastrophic:
Lucky --- Sweeps, grey or white horses, white cars
Unlucky--- funerals, morning women, open graves