2018山东淄博中考英语试题解析

英语

(考试时间100分钟，满分90分)

第I卷(选择题共34分)

(2018·山东淄博)一、完形填空(共10小题，满分10分)

阅读下面短文，从每小题A、B、C、D中选出一个能填入文章中相应空白处的最佳答案。

It’s interesting to have a chance to teach English abroad because you see a completely different education system. I am teaching in Belgium(比利时) this year and I have realized 1 there are some big differences.

For example, in the UK, it is 2 to wear a school uniform. It is nice to wear a school uniform 3 you don’t have to think about what to wear in the morning. You just put on your uniform and go. This 4 a lot of time.

Another difference I have noticed is also about clothing: Teachers 5 in a more relaxed way in Belgium. They wear 6 . In my experience in the UK, teachers wear similar things to the people 7 work in an office: skirts and ties for men; dresses, skirts, dark trousers and shirts for women.

As I am working with older students who are aged 8 16 to 18, I have also noticed that they have 9 subjects than I did at their age. In the UK, students only choose four subjects (five if they have very good grades) at 16. Some people like this, because it means they do not have to study subjects they don’t like. Others feel that students make such a big choice too

10 , because the subjects they choose at 16 will have an influence on what they can study at university.

1. A. that B. what C. how D. when

2. A. terrible B. common C. expensive D. difficult

3. A. unless B. though C. because D. if

4. A. has B. spends C. wastes D. saves

5. A. teach B. dress C. speak D. walk

6. A. jeans B. dresses C. ties D. suits

7. A. who B. where C. whose D. which

8. A. at B. in C. between D. from

9. A. fewer B. better C. more D. less

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述的是作者在比利时执教期间的生活经历，对比了英国与比利时在教育体系方面存在的一些差异。

1. A 【解析】考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：今年我在比利时教学，我已经意识到(在教育体系方面)有一些大的差异。动词realize后接宾语从句，从句是完整的，故用that连接，故选A。

2. B 【解析】考查形容词的用法辨析。terrible意为“可怕的”；common“普通的”；expensive “昂贵的”；difficult“困难的”。根据下文“It is nice to wear a school uniform …”可推断句意为：例如，在英国，穿校服是很普遍的。故选B。

3. C 【解析】考查连词。句意：穿校服很好，因为你不必在早晨考虑穿什么。前后分句为前果后因关系，故用连词because，意为“因为”。故选C。

4. D 【解析】考查动词。根据上文“You just put on your uniform and go.”可知穿上校服就上学，不用考虑穿什么，这样可以节省很多时间。故用saves，意为“节省”。故选D。

5. B 【解析】考查动词。根据下文“teachers wear similar things”可知：此处表达的是在比利时，老师穿着更休闲些。故用动词dress，意为“穿衣”。故选B。

6. A 【解析】考查名词。A项意为“牛仔裤”；B项意为“连衣裙”；C项意为“领带”；D 项意为“西装”。根据前一句“…in a more relaxed way in Belgium.”可知身穿“牛仔裤”符合文意。故选A。

7. A【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：我在英国工作期间，老师们的着装和在办公室里上班的人们的穿着是类似的。此处是who引导的定语从句，先行词为people，定语从句中缺少主语，故选A。

8. D 【解析】考查介词。句意：当我和那些16岁到18岁的年龄偏大点的学生一起工作的时候，……。固定用法：from…to…意为“从……到……”，故选D。

9. C 【解析】考查形容词比较等级的用法。句意：当我与16岁至18岁的学生一起工作时，我还注意到他们学的科目比我当年学的科目更多。后一句“…students only choose four subjects …”与本句形成对比，故推断用more符合文意，意为“更多的”。故选C。

10. B 【解析】考查副词。句意：其他人认为学生们做这么大的选择为时过早，因为他们在16岁时选择的科目会对他们在大学时能学什么，有影响。故用early，意为“早地”。故选B。

二、阅读理解（共15小题，满分24分）

阅读短文A、B、C并做每篇后面的题目，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。

阅读短文D，根据短文内容，从短文后面的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。

(2018·山东淄博) A

Amazing Animals

A Cat Has Cool Eyes

It’s hard to look away from Pam Pam, a white shorthair cat. Pam Pam has iridis, an eye

problem that means one eye is blue and the other is a different color—

yellow.

“Luckily, iridis doesn’t cause any pain or sight problems,”Doctor Seth Cohen says. This problem can also be found in humans and other

animals, such as dogs and horses. An interesting thing: Pam Pam’s owner

always matches a scarf to her eye colors.

Even though Pam Pam doesn’t look like a regular cat, she acts like one. She loves to hide behind chairs and jump out at the little dog suddenly when he walks by.

A Sea Lion Goes for a Walk

What does a wild sea lion do when he needs some exercise? A sea lion

named Astro walked to the crowd on the road! Astro pushed himself to a

nearby school last Friday. The students soon called the Wildlife Center for

help and sent him back. There, Astro lived with other sea lions again—and

got plenty of exercise!

A Hero HorseWhen a cow attacked(攻击)Fiona Boyd, she found herself in

a scary place. “I was under her four legs and …”Boyd says.

Luckily for the farmer, her horse rushed to the cow, and began

fighting with her legs as her owner moved to safety.

“I’m quite sure Kerry saved my life. She became my

bodyguard. That was her purpose in life.”Boyd says.

11. Which of the following about Pam Pam is TRUE?

A. Pam Pam is afraid of the little dog.

B. Pam Pam’s eye colors are different.

C. Pam Pam’s scarf matches her hair color.

D. Iridis makes Pam Pam blind.

12. What was Astro’s amazing experience last Friday?

A. He walked to the crowd on the road.

B. He played with some students.

C. He exercised in the Wildlife Center.

D. He went to a school playground.

13. Why is Kerry called a “Hero Horse”?

A. Because she attracted Fiona Boyd.

B. Because she saved Fiona Boyd.

【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是三种神奇的动物，分别是小白猫Pam Pam，海狮Astro以及英勇的骏马Kerry。

11. B【解析】推理判断题。根据第一个动物的相关介绍第一段中的“Pam Pam has iridis, an eye problem that means one eye is blue and the other is a different color—yellow.”可知：Pam Pam 的两只眼睛的颜色不一样，一个是蓝色，另一个是黄色的。故选项B说法正确。根据第三段最后一句“She loves to hide behind chairs and jump out at the little dog suddenly when he walks by”可知A项说法“Pam Pam害怕小狗”错误；根据第二段最后一句“Pam Pam’s owner always matches a scarf to her eye colors”可知C项说法“Pam Pam的围巾总是和她的头发的颜色相搭配”错误；根据第二段首句“Luckily, iridis doesn’t cause any pain or sight problems”可知D项说法“Iridis让Pam Pam变成瞎子”错误。故选B。

12. A【解析】细节理解题根据第二个动物介绍中的第二句“A sea lion named Astro walked to nearby school last Friday”可知：这头海狮上周五向大街上的人群走去。故选A。

13. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三个动物的有关介绍，第二段中的“I’m quite sure Kerry saved my life. She became my bodyguard.”可知：Kerry救了Fiona Boyd。正确答案选B。

（2018·山东淄博）B

If you asked me what my favourite sport is, my answer is swimming. I started learning how to swim when I was five years old. I have been swimming ever since.

There are many reasons why I love swimming, but I’ll just share a few with you. Maybe I can even encourage you to go for a swim.

The first reason I love swimming is that I feel totally relaxed whenever I leave the pool. I love the feeling of floating on the water and feeling almost weightless.

On the other hand, it can also be a competitive sport which raises your heartbeat. It’s amazing pushing yourself to the challenge of beating someone else to the finish line. It’s great fun racing across the pool as fast as you can！

Another reason that I love swimming is that it has more styles than other sports such as running and walking.It doesn't feel like you’re doing the same thing over, and over again.

【主旨大意】这是一篇议论文。主要谈论的是作者最喜欢的运动——游泳，并分享了他喜欢游泳的原因。

14. B【解析】词义猜测题根据画线词的下文“feeling almost weightless(感觉几乎完全处于失重状态)”可推测画线词所在句的句意为：我喜欢那种漂浮在水面上的感觉。故猜测画线词意为“漂浮”。故选B。

15. B【解析】推理判断题根据最后一段中的第一句“And finally, it’s a life skill which everyone should have.”可知：游泳是每个人都应该拥有的生活技能。该段的最后一句“Not only is it good for your health, but you never know when y ou’l l need your ability to swim”也是围绕着这个意思来写的：你永远不会知道你什么时间将会用的上你的游泳技能。故选B。

16. C【解析】推理判断题通读原文，根据第三、四、六段的首句可知：游泳能让人放松、具有竞争性和恢复精力等好处。文中没有提到“游泳很简单”。故选C。

17. D【解析】主旨大意题。通读原文可知：本文主要介绍的是作者喜欢游泳的几种原因。故本文的最佳题目是“我为什么喜欢游泳”。故选D。

C(2018·山东淄博)

Both language and music play a huge role in our culture. Here are some of their similarities.

(1)Both language and music have a writing system.

In English we record language using letters. Similarly, we use notes to record music. Just as you are reading letters and find meaning in them, musicians read notes and create meaning in the form of music. So just as you read English, you can read music. By writing pieces of text or music, we are able to share experiences through time. I can read the ideas or hear the works of someone who lived hundreds of years ago, which is really exciting.

(2)______

You can guess where someone is from by listening to the language they use. In the same way, styles of music are different around the world, giving us the chance to understand many differentcultures. This also means that there is something for everyone! Even if you don’t like British pop music, you may love the energy of Latin American salsa music.

(3)Both share feelings.

How do you know that I am angry? Of course you can see it in my face, but you will know for sure through my words. Similarly, music can show you exactly how the composer (作曲者) was or is feeling. When I’m happy, I want to sing and dance to a happy song to celebrate my happiness; and I listen to slow and quiet music when I’m feeling down. I think we have all used music to express our feelings, often combining (结合) it with language in the form of song lyrics.

18. Which of the following is the best for the blank?

A. Both are from daily life.

B. Both bring us happiness.

C. Both have a sound system.

D. Both vary (变化) with culture.

19. According to the passage, when the writer feels unhappy, he might listen to ______.

A. scary movie music

B. exciting rock music

C. loud electronic music

D. sad piano music

20. The underlined word “it” in the passage refers to “______”.

A. music

B. idea

C. feeling

D. culture

21. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

A. We use notes to write music.

B. We can write music if we can speak English.

C. We can understand different cultures in music.

D. We can share the composer’s feelings in his or her music.

【文章大意】本文讲述了音乐和语言有诸多相似之处，且它们都在文化中骑着重要的作用。

18. D【解析】段落大意题。根据第五段第二句“In the same way, styles of music are different around the world, giving us the chance to understand many different cultures.”可知：世界各地的音乐风格不同，让我们有机会理解不同的文化。关键词是“文化”，故选D。

19. D【解析】推理判断题。根据第七段第四句“When I’m happy, I want to sing and dance to a happy song to celebrate my happiness; and I listen to slow and quiet music when I’m feeling down.”可知，“我”高兴时会听快乐的音乐；当“我”心情低落时会听缓慢的安静的音乐。由此可以判断出“我”不高兴时，会听伤感的钢琴曲。故选D。

20. A【解析】代词指代题。根据最后一句“I think we have all used music to express our feelings, often combining it with language in the form of song lyrics.”可知，我们都用音乐来表达情感，把音乐和以歌词的形式表现出来的语言结合起来。可以推断出it代替前文中的music。故选A。

21. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“…we use notes to record music.”，第五段第二句“…to understand many different cultures.”及第七段第三句“…music can show you exactly how the composer was or is feeling.”可知A、C、D正确。B项“如果我们会说英语，那么就会写音乐”不符合现实，也不符合文意。故选B。

D(2018·山东淄博)

When Zheng He was born,he was named Ma Wenhe.He was born in Yunnan in 1371.

22.______ However,when the Ming Dynasty was established(建立),the army caught Ma Wenhe and took him to one of the emperor’s sons,Prince Zhu Di.

Ma Wenhe served the prince well and soon he became one of the prince’s closest advisors.

23.______ Later the prince became the Emperor of the Ming Dynasty as the Yongle Emperor.

The Yongle Emperor wanted to show other countries the greatness and power of the MingDynasty.24.______ He made Zheng He the leader of a fleet (舰队) and ordered him to explore (探索) the world.

On Zheng He’s first trip,he traveled all the way to Calicut,India.With over 200 ships and nearly 28,000 men,he visited many countries along the way. His first trip lasted from 1405 to 1407. Zheng He and his fleet traded and made close relations at the places they visited.

Zheng He continued to sail for the Ming Dynasty over the rest of his life.He traveled to many faraway places,going all the way to the African coast and establishing trade relations with over 25 countries.25.______ He also brought back diplomats(外交官) from many countries to meet with

22. C【解析】根据上下文可知，此处介绍郑和的出身，故选C，介绍其父亲与祖父的相关背景。

23. B【解析】上文讲述了郑和还叫马文和时候的事情，下文介绍了永乐皇帝命令郑和率领舰队探索世界，由此推知此处介绍郑和姓名的由来。故选B。

24. E【解析】本段介绍了永乐皇帝派遣郑和下西洋的两个原因。E项“他还想和世界上其他地方的人们建立贸易关系”讲述的是第二个原因。

25. D【解析】本段介绍了郑和下西洋的收获。由后一句“He also brought back diplomats from many countries …”也可推知答案应该是“他带回来各种各样的动物，比如像长颈鹿和骆驼”。故选D。

三、单词拼写（共5小题，满分5分）

根据句意完成句子中已给出首字母的单词。

26. I am good at science, so I dream of becoming a s______ one day.

27. Teachers should p______ chances for students to do some research.

28. It’s i______ to succeed if you don’t work hard.

29. Robots will be w______ used in our daily life.

30. Please look t______ your exam paper and make sure there’s no mistakes.

26. scientist【解析】句意：我擅长科学，所以我梦想着有一天成为一位科学家。空格前有不定冠词a修饰，此处应用名词的单数形式。

27. provide【解析】句意：老师应为学生提供调查研究的机会。provide sth. for sb.意为“为某人提供某物”。

28. impossible 【解析】句意：如果你不努力工作/学习，那么你是不可能成功的。此处应用形容词作表语。

29. widely【解析】句意：机器人将会在我们的生活中被广泛的应用。此处应用副词修饰will be used。

30. through【解析】句意：请仔细检查你的试卷，确保没有错误。look through意为“仔细检查”。

四、选词填空（共10小题，满分10分）

having dinner.He found a canvas(画布) and colors,and then had fun 31.______ on the canvas.His mother and sister rushed towards him.But 32.______ his surprise,they hugged him instead of punishing him.His family have encouraged him to paint 33.______ then.

His sisters and parents are 34.______.Their interest and collection influence him greatly.He is more and more interested in painting 35.______ of the encouragement from his family and friends.As he 36.______ creating new paintings,his imagination and creativity develop.

He has made such rapid progress that people call him a Child Picasso.He feels great by this praise.He has never thought of success.He just enjoys painting.When he is in front of the canvas, he forgets 37.______ else.He knows exactly what he is feeling and what he wants to express.He 38.______ feels happy to be an artist.Getting a title as a child Picasso for doing what he loves,he things it is a happy thing for him.

“Don’t be 39.______ to spend time on hobbies,” he says. “Painting is the best way to express feelings.You can know 40.______ better.”

【文章大意】本文讲述了印度男孩Shorya Mahanot在家人和朋友的帮助下，对绘画产生了浓厚的兴趣，并荣获“儿童毕加索”的称号。

31. painting【解析】句意：他发现了画布和颜料，然后就在画布上愉快地作画。

32. to【解析】to one’s surprise意为“令人惊讶的是”。

33. since【解析】句意：从那时起他的家人开始鼓励他继续画。since then意为“从那时起”，用作时间状语。

34. artists【解析】根据后一句“Their interest and collections influenced him greatly”可知，他的家人都是艺术家。

35. because【解析】句意：有家人和朋友的鼓励，他对绘画越来越感兴趣。because of意为“由于”。

36. keeps【解析】句意：随着他不断地创作心得绘画，他的想象力和创造力得到了发展。keep doing sth.意为“一直做某事”。

37. everything【解析】句意：当他站在画布前时，他就忘了其它一切事情。

38. really【解析】句意：他真的很高兴当一名画家。

39. afraid【解析】句意：不要害怕在爱好上花时间。be afraid to do sth.意为“害怕做某事”。

40. yourself/yourselves【解析】句意：绘画是表达感情的最好的方法。你（们）能更好地了解你（们）自己。

五、阅读表达

Maria Keller is from Minneapolis, Minnesota. When she was 8 years old, she already loved reading. 43. She also noticed that some of her classmates didn’t read as much as she did. When she asked her mother why that could be, her mother said that they might not be able to afford books. Maris had never thought of this. She could not believe that some children might not have bedtime stories read to them. She decided to change this.

With here mother’s help, Maria created Read Indeed. Read Indeed is an organization which collects and gives out books to children in need for free. Maria set the goal to collect and give out one million books by the time she was 18. She tried every means to achieve it. 44. As a result, it didn’t take long to reach that goal.

Today, at the age of 14, she has collected over one million books and has sent them to many states and countries around the world. She says, “I cannot live without books. As I continue mywork, I have learned that millions of kids are in need of books. So I just can’t give up, even after reaching my original(最初的) goal.”

She has already set a new goal: To give books to kids in need in every state in the United States, and every county in the world.

（一）根据短文内容，简要回答问题。

41. Why did Maria create Read Indeed?

_______________________________________________________________

42. When did Maria reach her original goal?

_______________________________________________________________

（二）将文中画线的句子译成汉语。

43. _______________________________________________________________

44. _______________________________________________________________

（三）请给短文拟一个适当的题目。

45._______________________________________________________________

【文章大意】本文讲述了Marie Keller建立了Read Indeed组织，收集图书，并免费发放给那些需要的孩子，帮助他们阅读。

41. Because she knew some children might not be able to afford books. And she decided to change this./Because she has always wanted to collect and give out books to children in need for free.【解析】根据第一段第四句“when she asked her mother why that could be, her mother said that they might not be able to afford books,”及第二段第二句“Read indeed in ...，for free”可知，推知答案。

42. At the age of 14./When she was 14(years old).【解析】根据第三段第一句“Today, at the age of 14, she has collected over one million books ...”可知答案。

43. 她还注意到她的一些同学没有他阅读得那么多。

44. 结果，没过多久她就实现目标了。

45. Maria Keller and Read Indeed【解析】文章主要讲述的是Maria Keller建立了Read Indeed 组织，帮助有需要的孩子读更多的书。所以Maria Keller and Read Indeed可作为标题。

六（2018·山东淄博）完成句子（共4小题，满分6分）

根据汉语意思用英语完成句子，将答案写在横线上，每空一词。

46. 多好的天啊！咱们去划船吧！

______ ______lovely day! ______go boating!

46.What a; Let’s

47.迄今为止，我们的家乡已经发生了很大的变化。

_______ ________, great changes have_________ place in our hometown.

47.So far/Until now;taken

48.我们为中国传统文化感到自豪。

We are______ _______Chinese traditional culture.

48.proud of

49.长城是世界上最古老的建筑之一

________________________________

49.The Great Wall is one of the oldest buildings in the world.

七、（2018·山东淄博）语法填空（共10小题，满分10分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Playgrounds in schools and parks are usually built to be safe enough. Most of the safety rules were created 50._______ the 1980s, after a few accidents happened on playgrounds. Some children were hurt 51._________ (serious) in these accidents. Their parents said the playgrounds weren’t safe enough, and that the bosses that owned the playgrounds 52._________(have) to pay much money to those parents. After that, schools and cities began changing playgrounds to make them as safe 53._____ possible.

But safe playgrounds have not really made a 54.______ (different)in the accidents. In fact, there have been more accidents where children have broken an arm or a leg. Some experts believe that this is because children can learn to be careful only 55.______ they are in danger.

Children should do things that seem a little dangerous-like climbing trees, riding bikes really fast or playing near water. Those things can teach 56.______(they) how to keep safe. When children have small accidents, they learn how 57.______(avoid) worse accidents.

If children 58.__________ (allow) to take some risks, they can become confident(自信的) and independent. They also get better at problem-solving and teamwork.

Many experts also believe that “safe”playgrounds are too boring. They say that if

是把操场修建得更“安全坚固”，还是让孩子们遇到危险时学会小心应付较好。一些专家建议最好让孩子们尝试一些冒险经历，他们才会变得自信和。

50.in 【解析】句意：大多数安全制度都是在20世纪80年代，在操场上发生一些事故之后，而指定的。固定用法：in the 1980s意为“在20世纪80年代”。

51. seriously 【解析】句意：在这些事故中一些孩子伤得很严重。给定词serious为形容词，意为“严重的”，这里要用其副词形式seriously，意为“严重地”，修饰动词hurt。52. had 【解析】句意：他们的家长说操场不足够安全，那些修建操场的老板不得不支付许多钱给那些家长。根据句中空格前的动词said以及weren’t都用的是一般过去时，故这里要用have to的过去式had to，意为“不得不”。

53. as 【解析】固定用法：as safe as possible意为“尽可能安全的”。

54. difference【解析】句意：但是说实在的，安全的操场与事故本身并没有直接关系。固定用法：make a difference in“对……有影响”，故用名词difference，意为“不同；差异”。

55. when 【解析】句意：一些专家相信这是因为只有当孩子们处于危险困境时，他们才知

道要学会小心。根据句意故用连词when，意为“当……的时候”。

56. them【解析】句意：那些事情能够将会他们保证安全。固定用法：teach sb. sth.意为“教某人某事”，动词teach后跟人和事物两个宾语，故这里要用人称代词的宾格形式them，意为“他们”。

57. to avoid 【解析】句意：当孩子们遭遇过小的事故后，他们会学会避免发生更严重的事故。固定用法：疑问词how+动词不定式to avoid，意为“如何避免”。

58. are allowed 【解析】句意：如果允许孩子们冒一些风险的话，他们会变得自信并起来。主语children和谓语动词allow之间是被动关系，故要用一般现在时的被动语态are allowed，意为“被允许”。

59. exciting 【解析】句意：他们说如果操场更有挑战性、更精彩，那么孩子们可能会得到

更多的锻炼。此处要用形容词exciting与challenging并列作表语，修饰事物playground。

exciting 意为“精彩的；令人兴奋的”。

（2018·山东淄博）八、书面表达(共1小题，满分15分)

假设你将在暑假参加一个英语夏令营，活动内容之一是英语演讲。请你以“ The Internet and I”为题，写一篇100词左右的英文演讲稿，谈谈在互联网环境下你的学习与生活等方面的情况。

注意:1.书写规范，表达连贯，可根据内容适当发挥。

2.文中不得出现真实的地区、学校及姓名。

The Internet and I

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

One possible version:

The Internet and I

With the development of the computer and technology, Internet is playing a more important role in our daily life. It has definitely changed our life.

If I have difficulty studying, I will turn on the Internet for help. It will provide me with much information and advice. Besides, in my spare time, I would like to watch movies, enjoy music or play games using the Internet. I even do some shopping online without leaving my home.

The Internet brings us much convenience. But I am clear that it is only a tool, so I am not addicted to it. I believe if every one of us can make good use of it, the Internet will bring us more than we expected.

【写作指导】

细读所给写作要求和提示，可以提取以下信息：

1. 要求考生写一封演讲稿，谈谈在互联网环境下自己的学习与生活等方面的情况。属于应用文。写作时首先要肯定互联网对我们的生活影响很大，然后具体谈论其对学习和生活带来的好处和便利条件，最后强调上网要有选择和有所节制。

2. 考生在组织写作思路时，要抓住两个关键点，一方面是互联网给自己的学习和生活带来了哪些便利条件、好处等；另外一方面就是要表达清楚不要过分迷恋网络，做到正确、合理利用互联网。谈论自己利用互联网帮助自己的工作和学习等情况以及自己不过分迷恋网络时，应采用第一人称，时态方面一般情况下以一般现在时为主；当介绍互联网给自己的学习和生活带来的便利情况时，应采用第三人称，时态方面最好运用一般现在时和一般将来时相结合。

3. 要包括提示要点中所有内容，并有所适当发挥。

4. 语句通顺，意思连贯，书写规范；不得出现真实姓名及校名；词数在100词左右。