虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实,而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或者让步状语从句中);一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。
虚拟语气在条件句中:表示假设、猜测、怀疑等
一.与现在事实相反的假设
句型:从句:If 主语+过去时,主句:主语+should/would/could/might +do
例句:
1.如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你)
If I were you, I would take an umbrella.
2.如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。(事实:不知道)
If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.
3.如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。(事实:地球上既有空气也有水)
If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.
4.如果我带钱了,我就会借给你些。(事实:没有带钱)
If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.
5.如果他再努力些,就能通过考试了。(事实:没有努力)
If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.
二.表示与过去事实相反的情况
句型:从句:If 主语+had +done ,主句:主语+should/would/could/might +have done
例子:
1.如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。(事实:去晚了)
If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.
2.如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误。(事实:没有听我的话)
If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.
三、表示对将来情况的主观推测
句型:从句:①if+主语+were to do,主语+should/would/could/might +do
②if+主语+did/were ,主语+should/would/could/might +do
③if+主语+should +do ,主语+should/would/could/might +do
例子:
1.如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。(事实:来的可能性很小)
If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him.
2.如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰。(事实:下雪可能性很小) If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.
3.如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末。(事实:来的可能性很小)
If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.
四:用于宾语从句中
Wish后加宾语从句 表示 不可能实现的愿望
a、表现在的,谓语动词用过去式
例句:
我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实:我根本比不上你)
I wish I had your brains.
b、表过去的,谓语动词:had +done
例句:
我希望我那时就知道这件事情的。(事实:那时还不知道)
I wish I had known the truth of the matter.
c、表将来的,谓语动词:should/would(情态动词) + 动词原形
例句:
我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。(事实:很难再有这样的机会了)
I wish I should have a chance again.
五.用语表示命令、建议、要求等宾语从句后
想要desire 宁愿prefer 坚持insist 命令(order. command)建议(advise. suggest. propose/recommend) 要求(demand. require. request. ask)中,无论主句谓语动词为何种时态,从句的谓语动词都用:"should + do"。should可以省略。
例句:
He suggested that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
Suggest特殊情况:
它表示“按时”的时候,句中不需要用虚拟语气。
例句:
他脸上的微笑暗示着他对我们的工作很满意。
The smile on his face suggested that he was very satisfied with our work.
Insist特殊情况
意为“坚持某种动作”才用虚拟语气;意为“坚持某种观点,某个事实”则不用虚拟语气。
例句:
他坚持说他是个学生。
He insists he is a student.
另外补充:
一.用语表语从句和同位语从句
在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request等名词后的表语或者同位语从句中要用should +V,should可以省略
例句:
1.我的观点是我们在接受这个方案前应该再三考虑。
My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it.
2.我们都同意应该取消会议。
We all agree to the suggestion that the meeting should be put off.
二.表示:“早该做某事了”时,定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气,其虚拟语气的结构为:It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + do(优先使用动词过去式)
例句:
我该去学校接我的女儿了。
It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.
你早该上班了。
It is high time you should go to work.
莆田雷丁内部秘密英语,技巧,策略
请在 网上 申请报名