1、单选题,共20题
1.They hadn’t been out for long __________ she felt sick in the stomach.
A. as B. when C. while D. though
2. The work should be given to _____________ you think can finish it ahead of time.
A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever
3. The shop owner will get all these goods ordered ___________ to the customers today.
A. to deliver B. delivering C. deliver D. delivered
4. Can you ____________ the differences between the two pictures?
A. tell B. talk C. speak D. say
5. If you keep practicing your son in football, he ___________ to be a football player.
A. wants B. hopes C. wishes D. promises
6. __________ singer and ___________ dancer is also good at drawing.
A. The; a B. The; the C. A; a D. The; /
7. __________ the fact that there was thick fog, he drove his car out.
A. Although B. No matter C. Despite D. In spite
8. Mary smiled _____________ her mother did when she was Mary’s age.
A. as if B. what C. the way D. that
9. In such dry weather, the flower will have to be watered if they _____________.
A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survive D. will survive
10. You should make it a rule to leave things ______________ you can find them again easily.
A. when B. where C. that D. in the place
11.According to the key witnesses, a peculiarly big nose is the criminal’s most memorable facial ____.
A .eature B. Signature C. Hint D. Spot
12.Compared with his sister, Jerry is even more ____________to, and more easily troubled by, emotional and relationship problems.
A. sceptical B. addicted C. available D. sensitive
13. It was a nice house, but ____________ too small for a family of five.
A. Rarely B. fairly C. rather D. pretty
14. —Shall we go out for a walk?
—Sorry. This is not the right____________ toinvite me. I am too tired to walk.
A. moment B. situation C. place D. chance
15. As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to ____________ the problem.
A.handle B. raise C. face D. present
16. ______ the Atlantic Ocean crosses the equator, the trade winds cause a flow of water to the west.
A. That B. When C. Where D. Though
17. Never _______ forget the days when _______ together with you.
A.shall I;I lived B.shall I;did I live
C.I shall;I lived D.I shall;did I live
18. It was _____ great shock to the world that two airplanes crashed into _____ World Trade Centre in New York on Sept.11.
A.a;/ B.the;the
C.a;the D./;the
19. ______ is known to us all is that China has launched Shenzhou V spaceship successfully.
A. That B. What C. It D. As
20. For quite _____ students,their teacher's advice is more important than _____ of their parents'.
A.few;one B.a few;that
C.a little;some D.a lot;many
2、阅读部分,共4篇
(一)快速阅读,共10小题
If it weren’t for nicotine, people wouldn’t smoke tobacco. Why? Because of the more than 4000 chemicals in tobacco smoke, nicotine is the primary one that acts on the brain, altering people’s moods, appetites and alertness in ways they find pleasant and beneficial. Unfortunately, as it is widely known, nicotine has a dark side: it is highly addictive. Once smokers become hooked on it, they must get their fix of it regularly, sometimes several dozen times a day. Cigarette smoke contains 43 known carcinogens, which means that long-term smoking can amount to a death sentence. In the US alone, 420,000 Americans die every year from tobacco-related illnesses.
Breaking nicotine addiction is not easy. Each year, nearly 35 million people make a concerted effort to quit smoking. Sadly, less than 7 percent succeed in abstaining for more than a year; most start smoking again within days. So what is nicotine and how does it insinuate itself into the smoker’s brain and very being?
The nicotine found in tobacco is a potent drug and smokers, and even some scientists, say it offers certain benefits. One is enhance performance. One study found that non-smokers given doses of nicotine typed about 5 percent faster than they did without it. To greater or lesser degrees, users also say nicotine helps them to maintain concentration, reduce anxiety, relieve pain, and even dampen their appetites (thus helping in weight control)。 Unfortunately, nicotine can also produce deleterious effects beyond addiction. At high doses, as are achieved from tobacco products, it can cause high blood pressure, distress in the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems and an increase in susceptibility to seizures and hypothermia.
First isolated as a compound in 1828, in its pure form nicotine is a clear liquid that turns brown when burned and smells like tobacco when exposed to air. It is found in several species of plants, including tobacco and, perhaps surprisingly, in tomatoes, potatoes, and eggplant (though in extremely low quantities that are pharmacologically insignificant for humans)。
As simple as it looks, the cigarette is highly engineered nicotine delivery device. For instance, when tobacco researchers found that much of the nicotine in a cigarette wasn’t released when burned but rather remained chemically bound within the tobacco leaf, they began adding substances such as ammonia to cigarette tobacco to release more nicotine. Ammonia helps keep nicotine in its basic form, which is more readily vaporised by the intense heat of the burning cigarette than the acidic form. Most cigarettes for
sale in the US today contain 10 milligrams or more of nicotine. By inhaling smoke from a lighted cigarette, the average smoker takes 1 or 2 milligrams of vaporised nicotine per cigarette. Today we know that only a miniscule amount of nicotine is needed to fuel addiction. Research shows that manufacturers would have to cut nicotine levels in a typical cigarette by 95% to forestall its power to addict. When a
smoker puffs on a lighted cigarette, smoke, including vaporised nicotine, is drawn into the mouth. The skin and lining of the mouth immediately absorb some nicotine, but the remainder flows straight down into the lungs, where it easily diffuses into the blood vessels lining the lung walls. The blood vessels carry the nicotine to the heart, which then pumps it directly to the brain. While most of the effects a smoker seeks occur in the brain, the heart takes a hit as well. Studies have shown that a smoker’s first cigarette of the day can increase his or her heart rate by 10 to 20 beats a minute. Scientists have found that a smoked substance reaches the brain more quickly than one swallowed snorted (such as cocaine powder) or even injected. Indeed, a nicotine molecule inhaled in smoke will reach the brain within 10
seconds. The nicotine travels through blood vessels, which branch out into capillaries within the brain.
Capillaries normally carry nutrients but they readily accommodate nicotine molecules as well. Once inside the brain, nicotine, like most addictive drugs, triggers the release of chemicals associated with euphoria and pleasure.
Just as it moves rapidly from the lungs into the bloodstream, nicotine also easily diffuses through capillary walls. It then migrates to the spaces surrounding neurones – ganglion cells that transmit nerve impulses throughout the nervous system. These impulses are the basis for our thoughts, feelings, and moods. To transmit nerve impulses to its neighbour, a neurone releases chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters. Like nicotine molecules, the neurotransmitters drift into the so-called synaptic space
between neurones, ready to latch onto the receiving neurone and thus deliver a chemical “message” that triggers an electrical impulse.
The neurotransmitters bind onto receptors on the surface of the recipient neurone. This opens channels in the cell surface through which enter ions, or charged atoms, of sodium. This generates a current across the membrane of the receiving cell, which completes delivery of the “message”。 An accomplished mimic, nicotine competes with the neurotransmitters to bind to the receptors. It wins and, like the vanquished chemical, opens ion channels that let sodium ions into the cell. But there’s a lot more nicotine around
than the original transmitter, so a much larger current spreads across the membrane. This bigger current causes increased electrical impulses to travel along certain neurones. With repeated smoking, the neurones adapt to this increased electrical activity, and the smoker becomes dependent on the nicotine.
Questions 1 – 10
1. Although nicotine is probably the well-known chemical in cigarettes, it is not necessarily the one that changes the psyche of the smoker when cigarettes are smoked.
2. In spite of the difficulties, according to the text more than thirty-five million people a year give up smoking.
3. It has been shown that nicotine in cigarettes can improve people’s abilities to perform some actions more quickly.
4. Added ammonia in cigarettes allows smokers to inhale more nicotine.
5. Snorted substances reach the brain faster than injected substances.
6. Nicotine dilates the blood vessels that carry it around the body.
7. Nicotine molecules allow greater electrical charges to pass between neurones.
8. Cigarette companies would have to cut the nicotine content in cigarettes by _________ to prevent them from being addictive.
9. According to the passage, a cigarette can raise a smoker’s heart rate by _________ a minute.
10. In order to transmit nerve impulses to its neighbour, a neurone sends _________ known as neurotransmitters.
(2)阅读,共2篇10小题
(A)
The medical world is gradually realizing that the quality of the environment in hospitals may play a significant role in the process of recovery from illness.
As part of a nationwide effort in Britain to bring art out of the galleries and into public places, some of the country’s most talented artists have been called in to transform older hospitals and to soften the hard edges of modern buildings. Of the 2,500 National Health Service hospitals in Britain, almost 100 now have significant collections of contemporary art in corridors, waiting areas and treatment rooms.
These recent initiatives owe a great deal to one artist, Peter Senior, who set up his studio at a Manchester Hospital in northeastern England during the early 1970s. He felt the artist had lost his place in modern society, and that art should be enjoyed by a wider audience.
A typical hospital waiting room might have as many as 5,000 visitors each week. What a better place to hold regular exhibitions of art! Senior held the first exhibition of his own paintings in the outpatients waiting are of the Manchester Royal Hospital in 1975. Believed to be Britain’s first hospital artist, Senior was so much in demand that he was soon joined by a team of six young art school graduates,
The effect is striking. Now in the corridors and waiting rooms the visitor experiences a full view of fresh colors, playful images and restful courtyards.
The quality of the environment may reduce the need for expensive drugs when a patient is recovering from an illness. A study has shown that patients who had a view onto a garden needed half the number of strong painkillers compared with patients who had no view at all or only a brick wall to look at.
1. The phrase “these recent initiatives” (Line 1, Para .3) in this context refers to ____.
A) regular art exhibitions in hospitals
B) transformations of older hospitals
C) exhibitions of paintings in galleries
D) establishment of studios in northeast England
2. The writer mentions the six young art school graduates in order to show ______.
A) visitors to hospitals are warmly received
B) the role of the hospital environment is being recognized
C) the contribution of Peter Senior is highly appreciated
D) the hard edges of hospitals are being restored
3. The aim of art exhibitions British hospitals encouraged was _____.
A) to alter the appearance of older buildings
B) to reduce the need for expensive drugs
C) to appeal to a larger audience
D) to improve the quality of the hospital environment
4. The improvement of the hospital environment seems to be effective in ______.
A) making it unnecessary to give drugs to patients
B) helping the modern artists regain their status in society
C) helping patients recovering from illnesses
D) calling in more talented artists to hospitals
5. The writer’s attitude towards the effect of art exhibitions in hospitals is ______.
A) suspicious
B) positive
C) neutral
D) unfavorable
(B)
There has been a lot of unfair and biased criticism of families who welcome foreign students into their homes. I should like to tell you of my own personal experiences, which are not so different from my neighbors' experience, I might add.
A host family is sent students by school or college and their homes are regularly inspected by the accommodation staff. If a home is below the required standard, the family is removed from the school's accommodation list. Apart from this, the host family is obliged to follow certain rules, as laid down by the school.
The problem is that the host family cannot inspect students or refuse to accept the ones who look dirty, unreliable or noisy. And they don't seem to follow any rules at all in their behavior to the host family. We are often treated like servants or hotel staff, which is rude and bad manners.
The fee paid to a host family only just covers the actual cost of providing meals etc. A hostess is lucky to make more than a pound or two "profit" on each student. One has to remember that she has to wash their clothes, allow them to have hot baths, pay for their lighting and the heating in their bedrooms, and cope with damage to furniture, bedding and carpets.
Another thing is that most of them do not want to be part of the family. They prefer to be out with other students causing annoyance to local residents in the town center. They remain in their bedrooms all morning and afternoon if they can, resting before the evening so that they can go out until the early hours of the morning.
Bedrooms like pigsties(猪圈)。 Food, empty bottles and waste paper all go under the bed. When taken to task the reply is invariably that they don't understand or that the school has told them they may do as they wish.
Not only that, but we have to put up with their complaints about the food, the weather and even our TV programs. It's time foreign students were taught to be polite and to behave properly, as well as how to speak English!
1. The author's attitude towards foreign students as mentioned in the passage is ____.
A) critical
B) questioning
C) approving
D) objective
2. By "biased" (Line1, Para.1) the author means ____.
A) supreme
B) partial
C) preferable
D) prejudiced
3. Which of the following is mentioned in the second paragraph?
A) The accommodation standard is set up by the staff of a hotel
B) A host family usually has no alternative but to accept the student assigned
C) A student is sometimes treated rudely, like a servant
D) A host family may reject any student candidate who looks undesirable
4. The passage tell us ____.
A) foreign students keep good terms with their hostesses
B) foreign students come to stay with their host families to learn English
C) a hostess does not make much profit because she has to buy new furniture
D) the local TV programs are very popular among foreign students
5. The main purpose of the author in writing this passage is ____.
A) to criticize foreign students for not sharing housework with their hostesses
B) to suggest that a new accommodation standard be laid down
C) to complain about the irresponsibility of foreign students
D) to give an account of his personal experiences with foreign students
3、完形填空,共20小题
Geography is the study of the relationship between people and the land. Geographers (地理学家) compare and contrast __71__ places on the earth. But they also __72__ beyond the individual places and consider the earth as a __73__ The word geography __74__ from two Greek words, ge, the Greek word for “earth” and graphein, __75__ means “to write.” The English word geography means “to describe the earth.” __76__ geography books focus on a small area __77__ a town or city. Others deal with a state, a region, a nation, or an __78__ continent. Many geography books deal with the whole earth. Another __79__ to divide the study of __80__ is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography. The former focuses on the natural world; the __81__ starts with human beings and __82__ how human beings and their environment act __83__ each other. But when geography is considered as a single subject, __84__ branch can neglect the other. A geographer might be described __85__ one who observes, records, and explains the __86__ between places. If all places __87__ alike, there would be little need for geographers. We know, however, __88__ no two places are exactly the same. Geography, ____, is a point of view, a special way of __90__ at places.
71. A) similar B) various C) distant D) famous
72. A) pass B) reach C) go D) set
73. A) whole B) unit C) part D) total
74. A) falls B) removes C) results D) comes
75. A) what B) that C) which D) it
76. A) Some B) Many C) Most D) Few
77. A) outside B) except C) as D) like
78. A) extensive B) entire C) overall D) enormous
79. A) way B) means C) habit D) technique
80. A) world B) earth C) geography D) globe
81. A) second B) later C) next D) latter
82. A) learns B) studies C) realises D) understands
83. A) upon B) for C) as D) to
84. A) neither B) either C) one D) each
85. A) for B) to C) as D) by
86. A) exceptions B) sameness C) differences D) divisions
87. A) being B) are C) be D) were
88. A) although B) whether C) since D) that
. A) still B) then C) nevertheless D) moreover
90. A) working B) looking C) arriving D) getting
四、作文
Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled TV Talent Show --- A Good Thing or Bad? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.
1. 有些人对电视选秀节目持肯定态度
2. 另一些人则反对电视选秀节目
3. 我的观点
TV Talent Show --- A Good Thing or Bad?