Chapter 4: Five hundred years ago 五百年之前
. 经过第4章的学习,下面的新单词我们要准确无误地读(read them correctly),知道它们的中文意思(know the Chinese meaning),不看书进行英汉互译( translate),并且还要会拼写( spell)。
cotton clothes 棉质衣服
silk clothes 丝绸衣服
a horse 一匹马
a sedan chair 一台轿子
silver and gold 银子和金子
paper money 纸币
a village 一个村子
a town 一个镇子
.句型。下面的关键句型我们要会读(read), 知道意思(know the Chinese meaning),会根据不同的语境来运用(use them in different contexts),会写(write them correctly)。
1. -- What did people wear 500 years ago?
-- Most people wore cotton clothes.
Some people wore silk clothes
--五百年前人们穿什么?
--大部分人穿棉质衣服。
一些人穿丝绸衣服。
2. -- How did people travel 500 years ago?
-- Most people walked or rode horses.
Rich people travelled by sedan chair
Some people travelled by boat.
-- 五百年前人们怎么旅行?
-- 大部分人步行或骑马去旅行。
富人坐轿子旅行。
一些人坐船旅行。
3. -- How did people pay for things 500 years ago?
Or we can say: How did people pay 500 years ago?
-- Most people paid for things with silver and gold.
Or we can say: Most people paid with silver and gold.
-- Some people paid for things with paper money.
Or we can say: Some people paid with paper money.
-- 五百年前人们怎么买东西?
-- 大部分人用银子和金子买东西。
一些人用银票买东西。
4. -- Where did people live 500 years ago?
-- Most people lived in villages.
Or we can say: Most people lived in a village.
-- Some people lived in towns.
Or we can say: Some people lived in a town.
-- 五百年前人们住在哪里?
-- 大部分人住在村子里。
一些人住在镇子里。
5. -- Did you go to the museum last week?
-- Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t
-- 上周你去博物馆了吗?
-- 是的,我去了。/ 不,我没有去。
注意要点:1. 各个疑问词和动词的搭配。(What-wear; Where-live; How-pay; How-travel)。要根据语境来选择疑问词。
2. 问句答句时态保持一致,问句用过去时,答句也用过去时。问句是现在时,答句也用现在时。
3. 助动词did后面动词用原形:What did people wear? Did you find out?
5. pay for+要支付的东西: things, shoes, clothes, books…;pay with+支付方式:paper money, credit cards, cash, silver and god…
6. 动名词短语中,除一些固定搭配以外(play football, go to school…),名词是可数要用复数或者单数:read books (读书), read the book (读书), read a book (读一本书), ride horses (骑马), ride the horse (骑马),ride a horse (骑一匹马)…
7. by+名词原形: by boat ,by car, by sedan chair, by bus, by horse…
*需要注意区别
travel by horse 骑马旅行
ride horses/ ride the horse 骑马
8. 部分动词变过去式不规则变化:
Present tense | Past tense |
ride | rode |
wear | wore |
travel | travelled(英式), traveled(美式) |
pay | paid |
find | found |
1)可以准确而流利地背诵出C部分。
2)对于书上笔记的单词,短语和句子要会读,知道意思,会拼写。
3)对于下面的单词和固定搭配以及句子要准确而流利地读出来,而且要能够英汉互译。下面,我们就来检查一下吧。
1.do his homework做他的家庭作业
2.keep in touch with…和…保持联系
3.be (were) away from home远离家
4.family的复数:families;families用作复数的时候表示“家人们”
5.read on继续读
6.after a while = soon过了一会儿,很快
7.fall asleep (fell asleep) 入睡,睡着了
8.feel sleepy (felt sleepy) 觉得困,犯困(没睡着)
9.find-found himself in a strange place发现他自己在一个奇怪的地方
10. strange奇怪的
11. next to him 在他旁边
12. look out 朝外看
13. look tired看上去疲惫
14. Get in! 进来
15. ride in a sedan chair坐在一台轿子里
16. take … to …带…去…
17. miss(想念)his own family(miss还有“错过”的意思,见p15)
18. call sb打电话给某人
19. Postman 邮递员(复数:postmen)
20. post office 邮局
21. in the cage 在笼子里
22. send letters 寄信
23. explain (explained) 解释
24. by land陆运
25. by sea海运
26. by air空运
27. be (was) at the door在门外
28. suddenly突然地
29. wake (woke) up醒来
30. write a letter to sb=write sb a letter 写信给某人 (write 的过去式wrote)
(4)对于下列文中出现的动词过去时和现在时, 要求:知意,会读,会拼写,会根据语境和时态自由转换。
Present tense | Past tense |
wake | woke |
stop | stopped |
find | found |
fall | fell |
feel | felt |
take | took |
ride | rode |
write | wrote |
1. One day, Ken was doing his homework.有一天Ken在做他的家庭作业。
这是一个过去进行时的时态。
进行时的基本结构是:be(am, is are, was, were)+doing,缺一不可,be动词由人称来决定。
正在进行时:am/ is/are+doing
过去进行时:was/were+doing
拓展举例:
-- What are you doing now?
-- I am washing my clothes.
-- What is she doing now?
-- She is painting a picture for her mum.
Look! Those women are dancing and singing.
Listen! Someone is knocking on the door.
She was dancing when I came into her room.
2.Please may I use your phone? 我能用你的电话吗?
表示一种请求。也可以说Can I use your phone?但前者语气更委婉,更有礼貌。
. Part E
1)New words and phrases for Part E.E部分新单词和词组。要求:对于以下单词和词组要会读,会英汉互译。书上打星号的单词还要会拼写。
1.in the past 以前 (in the present 现在)
2.Chinese New Year 新年
3. cook with gas用煤气(天然气)做饭
4.Firewood 柴火
5.at markets在市场上 (shop at supermarkets在超市购物)
6.supermarket 超市
7.cook with firewood用柴火做饭
8.flat公寓 (live in flats 住在公寓)
9.celebrate Christmas庆祝圣诞节
2)语法点:
1. 请根据以下两组句子回答这个问题:何时用there be句型,何时用助动词:do, did, does?
A: There are some books on the desk.
There were short bridges 500 years ago.
Is there any sugar?
Was there any chewing gum when you were young?
B: Did you listen to the radio last night?
Does she like dancing?
What does she have for lunch?
How did people travel in the past?
What did people eat 500 years ago?
总结:there be句型后面接名词;助动词do, did, does后面跟动词。
2. How was life 500 years ago?
life(生活)为不可数名词 ,在过去时的情况下,be动词用was
3.--Were there any supermarkets? -- No, there weren’t.
supermarkets为可数名词复数,根据上下文的语境,判断此处时间为500 years ago, 即过去时,所以be动词用were. 问句答句时态以及be动词保持一致,问句便是:No, there weren’t.
4.-- Did people cook with gas? -- No, they didn’t.
根据上下文的语境,判断此处时间为500 years ago,即过去时,所以助动词用Did。Did 后面的动词用原形,所以只能用cook。问句答句时态以及助动词保持一致,问句便是:No, they didn’t.
5.疑问词的选择
How如何
Where 哪里
When何时
What 什么
6.介词with的用法:
cook with gas
cook with firewood
wash my face with cold water 用
write with pens
play with my mum
go with him 和
play football with Dina
Alan 与Jay 的对话补充 P30
e.g. Alan: Yes, there was.
Jay: Did people live in flats?
Alan: No, they didn’t.
Jay: Where did they live?
Alan: Most people lived in small houses.
Some people lived in large houses.
Jay: Did they celebrate Christmas?
Alan: No, they didn’t.
Jay: What did they celebrate?
Alan: They celebrated Chinese New Year.
. Part F.
(1)New words and phrases.新单词和词组。要求:知道意思,会读。
contents目录
introduce 介绍(动词) introduction 介绍(名词)
tunnel隧道,通道
bridge桥
find out发现
want to+动原:想要做…
.Part G. 要求:知道每句话的意思,能根据每条线路说出正确的句子,出现的新词还要能会读,知道意思,能英汉互译。
fridge冰箱
drink tea-drank喝茶
供你参考的句子:
1.There weren’t any fridges.
2.People drank tea. (There was some tea.)
3.There weren’t any comics.(People didn’t read comics)
4.There weren’t any computers. (People didn’t use computers)
5.There were sedan chairs. (Some people travelled by sedan chair)
6.There were silk clothes. (Some people wore silk clothes.)
7.